Distribution of Metals in Water and Bed Sediment in a Mineral-Rich Watershed, Montana, USA

We sampled the Blackfoot River (Montana) and its major tributaries from the headwaters of the basin to near its confluence with the Clark Fork River over the course of 5 days in August 1998. We measured streamflow, collected fine-grained (<63 μm) streambed sediment, and sampled the dissolved (operationally defined as < 0.2 μm) phase of the surface water using clean techniques. Water and sediment collected from near the historic Heddleston mining district contained the highest concentrations of most trace elements in the basin. Many solute trace metals were at their highest several kilometers downstream from the mining district, where the river flows through an unremediated marsh system that has collected mine wastes in the past. Downstream on the headwaters area, water and bed sediment metal concentrations dclined sharply. Comparison of sediment samples with those collected by other workers in August 1989 and August 1995 do not show evidence of basin-scale long term changes, despite the onset of remediation efforts in 1993. The area of the proposed McDonald gold deposit near the confluence of the Landers Fork with the Blackfoot River was not contributing anomalous concentrations of naturally-occurring dissolved and bed-sediment metals into the basin.     

基本金属市场发展及展望

中国是世界最大的基本金属(铜、铝、铅、锌、镍)生产国和消费国以及原料进口国。过去5年中,受中国经济高速发展的带动,5种有色金属的产量和消费量均保持快速增长。然而,原料短缺一直是制约我国基本金属行业发展的瓶颈。同时,价格的变动也给基本金属行业的发展带来不确定性。本文总结了过去5年中铜、铝、铅、锌、镍5种基本金属的市场供求状况及价格走势,并对未来5年的发展作出了预测。     

Yong分析及其在地面水环境质量评价中的应用

介绍了Yong的概念，论述了Yong评价法在环境质量评价中的应用原理、方法和步骤。就某矿山井下废水对地面水环境的污染进行了评价，详细地计算了污染河流中各环境监测断面重金属污染因子的污染综合指数。指出Yong评价法用于环境质量评价是实用而有效的。     

(火用)分析及其在地面水环境质量评价中的应用

介绍了(火用)的概念,论述了(火用)评价法在环境质量评价中的应用原理、方法和步骤.就某矿山井下废水对地面水环境的污染进行了评价,详细地计算了污染河流中各环境监测断面重金属污染因子的污染综合指数.指出(火用)评价法用于环境质量评价是实用而有效的.     

Assessment of Metals Loading in an Acid Mine Drainage Watershed

Watershed-scale modeling can be useful in identifying the main environmental factors and the physical mechanisms responsible for acid mine drainage (AMD) formation, attenuation, and impacts. Since flow rates and water quality of the AMD and receiving streams are related to the rainfall-runoff relationship and associated contaminant dissolution, we thought that hydrologic analysis of the mined area and surrounding drainage basin should be the starting point in documenting the source and fate of AMD contaminants. Further modeling of AMD pollutants could then be performed in terms of metal concentrations and loading at the watershed scale. In this study, monitoring was conducted in the Geopung mine watershed; the watershed analysis risk management framework (WARMF) model was used to evaluate the effect of AMD contributions to downstream metal concentrations. The hydrologic model of the basin was calibrated and verified with rainfall and streamflow data, and the water quality model was calibrated for the dissolved concentrations of metals (Cd, Cu, Zn, and Pb), using discharge data gathered in 2009. There was a strong correlation (r = 0.93) between the observed and simulated runoff values plus high Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE = 0.89) and low average percent difference between predicted and measured values (%Diff = 0.46). Subsequent model validation using data gathered in 2010 also showed good agreement (%Diff = 9.76; NSE = 0.77; r = 0.91) between the observed and simulated values. For the metals, the model was calibrated using data from 2010; the correlation between the observed and simulated values was quite good (r = 0.80–0.41).     

基于AHP法的鄂尔多斯市煤矿矿区环境质量评价研究

 在深入分析鄂尔多斯市煤矿矿区资料的基础上,采用层次分析法,从区域地质背景、矿山地质环境、人类活动三个方面选取了13个指标作为矿区环境的评价因子,建立了鄂尔多斯市煤矿矿区环境质量评价模型。采用该模型对鄂尔多斯市五个主要煤矿矿区进行了评价,并对矿区进行了分级,评价结果与矿区实际环境情况基本吻合。研究表明,运用层次分析法进行鄂尔多斯市煤矿矿区环境质量评价是实用的和有效的。     

循环冷却水水质管理

介绍了循环冷却水加药的方法及工艺控制措施,论述了在焦化行业中如何控制循环冷却水水质.     

潘集新矿区浅层地下水水环境质量评价

采用污染指数法对潘集及丁集矿区浅层地下水环境质量进行评价与分析,获得了该区水环境质量的初步结果,确定第二含水层是一层较为理想的供水层,同时指出地下水的开采与应用前景,并为煤矿开采提出了相应的建议。     

Mine Water and the Environment

Mine Water and the Environment -     

煤矸石山对地下水环境质量影响的分析研究

在对于家沟地区地下水的各种污染源和污染途径进行了深入调查研究的基础上,进行了地下水水质分析以及煤矸石的淋溶实验和浸出实验,获得了大量真实可靠的数据,再综合分析研究得出了煤矸石山溢流水中的盐类是造成于家沟地区地下水污染的主要原因的结论。     

Mine Water and the Environment in Wales

Mine Water and the Environment -     

The Occurrence and Quality of Mine Water in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin,Poland

The mining of coal in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin and the relatively recent closure of many of these mines during the past two to three decades has affected surface and underground water quality. Regulations in Poland are designed to protect active mining operations rather than water quality and water environment. Dewatering mechanisms in abandoned coal mines and characteristics of water pumped (quality, temperature) are discussed.     

西北地区沙漠边缘细颗粒地层水文水井施工方法

鉴于西北地区沙漠边缘地带,地层在地面以下100m深度内主要为第四系粉细砂颗粒地层,极松散未固结,对水文水井施工造成较大困难。针对钻探成井技术与工艺上存在的突出问题,经认真分析和总结,在实践中优化施工方案、改进工艺方法、调整技术参数,通过增大反滤层厚度、调整泥浆性能、采用一级成孔、严防井孔偏斜、优选成井材料并在下管、填砾、洗井等关键工序和环节严格按设计及技术要求组织施工,取得了较好的技术经济效果。     

Geochemistry,Hydraulic Connectivity and Quality Appraisal of Multilayered Groundwater in the Hongdunzi Coal Mine,Northwest China

This study assessed the geochemistry and quality of groundwater in the Hongdunzi coal mining area in northwest China and investigated the mechanisms governing its hydrogeochemistry and the hydraulic connectivity between adjacent aquifers. Thirty-four groundwater samples were collected for physicochemical analyses and bivariate analyses were used to investigate groundwater quality evolution. The groundwater in the mine was determined to be neutral to slightly alkaline, with high levels of salinity and hardness; most samples were of SO₄·Cl–Na type. Fluoride and nitrate pollution in the confined aquifers were identified, primarily sourced from coals. Natural geochemical processes, such as mineral dissolution, cation exchange, and groundwater evaporation, largely control groundwater chemistry. Anthropogenic inputs from agricultural and mining activities were also identified in both shallow unconfined aquifers and the deeper confined aquifers, respectively. It was determined that the middle confined aquifer has a high hydraulic connectivity with the lower coal-bearing aquifer due to developed fractures. Careful management of the overlying aquifers is required to avoid mine water inrush geohazards and groundwater quality deterioration. The groundwater in the mining area is generally of poor quality, and is unsuitable for direct human consumption or irrigation. Na⁺, SO₄^2?, Cl^?, F^?, TH, TDS, NO₃^?, and COD_Mn are the major factors responsible for the poor quality of the phreatic water, while Na⁺, SO₄^2?, F^?, and TDS are the major constituents affecting the confined groundwater quality. This study is beneficial for understanding the impacts of coal mine development on groundwater quality, and safeguarding sustainable mining in arid areas.     

Thermodynamic Prediction in the Mine Water Environment

Reliable prognosis by geochemical modeling requires thermodynamics data with a stated measure of reliability. Due to the complexity of experimental and numerical techniques commonly applied to extract thermodynamic quantities of chemical reactions, a meaningful method for evaluation of such a reliable measure is currently not available. Some reasons for this situation are exemplified in a simulated solubility study of Fe(III) as a function of pH, where the effects of correlation, nonlinearity and sample size are discussed. To improve the accuracy of thermodynamic quantities for chemical reactions, researchers are attempting to generate internally consistent databases and introduce metrological concepts into the evaluation of thermodynamic data. The concept of measurement uncertainty is discussed, using a cause-and-effect diagram for the Fe(III) simulation example.     

Water in Mining and Environment for Sustainability

Mine Water and the Environment -     

水质分析资料在煤田勘探中的应用

在煤田地质勘探工作中,为查明地下水对煤炭开采的影响,为矿井设计建设提供依据,布置了大量水文地质勘探工作,取得了丰富的水质分析资料。这些水质分析资料,反映了工作区内地下水的水文地质特征。运用数学方法,分析研究了瑶岭井田、嵩山井田、郁山煤矿的水质分析资料,论证了瑶岭井田与嵩山井田边界断层的阻水性质,找出了郁山煤矿的主要突水含水层,弥补了因勘探工作量不足,造成勘探目标水文地质条件不明的缺陷,为水质分析资料的充分利用进行了探索和尝试。同时,也证明水质分析资料的深入分析研究和运用,对提高煤田勘探水平是一种经济有效地手段,应引起水文地质工作者的注意。     

Uranium and Potentially Toxic Metals During the Mining,Beneficiation, and Processing of Phosphorite and their Effects on Ground Water in Jordan

Representative samples were collected from various stages of phosphorite mining and beneficiation from the Al-Abiad and Al-Hasa mines in central Jordan and the Eshidiyya mine in southern Jordan. After open pit mining, the rock is crushed and dry-sieved to pass 12 mm in order to concentrate the ore. The sieved material is then agitated, washed with fresh water, and wet sieved to pass 4 mm. Samples were analyzed by ICP-MS for major elements and As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, U, V, and Zn. We found that throughout the above-mentioned processes, potentially toxic metals are partially removed from the ore. However, most of the contaminants are still retained within the final phosphorite product. The slime and slime water were analyzed; we found no effect of the slime water on the nearby ground water regime. The phosphorite is converted to fertilizer through reactions with sulfuric acid and then ammonia to produce diammonium phosphate (DAP). Gypsum is produced as a reject. The potentially toxic metals follow the behavior of P and are enriched by a factor of more than 1.5 in the DAP compared with the input phosphorite. The trace metal content in the phosphogypsum is very low.     

Quality Assessment of Mine Water in the Raniganj Coalfield Area,India

In a qualitative assessment of mine water from the Raniganj coalfield, 77 mine water samples were analyzed to assess water quality and suitability for domestic, industrial, and irrigation uses. The pH of the mine water ranged from 6.5 to 8.8. Total dissolved solids (TDS) ranged from 171 to 1,626 mg L⁻¹; spatial differences between the TDS values reflect variations in lithology, activities, and prevailing hydrological regime. The anion chemistry was dominated by HCO₃ ⁻ and SO₄ ²⁻. On average, Cl⁻ contributes 10 and 19% of the total anionic balance, respectively, in the Barakar and Raniganj Formation mine water. F⁻ and NO₃ ⁻ contribute <2% to the total anions. The cation chemistry is dominated by Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ in the mine water of the Barakar Formation and Na⁺ in the Raniganj Formation mines. Much of the mine water, especially of the Barakar Formation area, has high TDS, total hardness, and SO₄ concentrations. Concentrations of some trace metals (i.e. Fe, Cr, Ni) were found to be above the levels recommended for drinking water. However, the mine water can be used for irrigation, except at some sites, especially in the Raniganj Formation area, where high salinity, sodium adsorption ratio, %Na, residual sodium carbonate, and excess Mg restrict its suitability for agricultural uses.