煤基复合絮凝剂对高浊度高矿化度矿井水的絮凝效果研究

煤矿分布式地下水库在神东地区应用取得显著成果，宁东地区已开始论证其可行性，但宁东地区矿井水多为高浊度高矿化度矿井水，需要对水库入水进行预处理。本文采用以粉煤灰为原料，通过与聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）、聚合氯化铝（PAC）、壳聚糖混合得到处理高浊度高矿化度矿井水的絮凝剂，试验对比了粉煤灰基复合絮凝剂和未加粉煤灰絮凝剂的絮凝效果，并探究了粉煤灰基絮凝剂的影响因素，确定了最佳投加量和试验条件。实验结果表明:① 5个处理组中对矿井水的处理效果依次是:PAM+PAC+壳聚糖+粉煤灰>PAM+PAC+壳聚糖>PAM+PAC>PAM>PAC；② 粉煤灰基复合絮凝剂的最佳絮凝条件为温度25℃、pH值7、搅拌强度220 r/min、搅拌时间20 min；③ 在最佳条件下，复合絮凝剂对矿化度、悬浮物、钙离子、总硬度和硫酸根的去除率分别为1216%、9804%、8057%、7786%和9544%；④ 粉煤灰基复合絮凝剂作为地下水库处理高浊度高矿化度矿井水预处理絮凝剂是可行的。本研究为地下水库进水的絮凝等预处理提供理论依据和技术支撑。     

高悬浮物矿井水电化学特性分析及污染物去除效果研究

为了解决宝日希勒露天矿矿井水中浊度偏高的问题,通过对其矿井出水进行电化学特性分析,测得其悬浮物颗粒粒径主要分布在0.6~0.8 μm内,Zeta电位为-23~-25 mV,需选用带正电荷的混凝剂使其沉降。在此基础上优化了“聚合氯化铝(PAC)+聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)”联合处理工艺,研究结果表明：选用30 mg/L PAC+0.5 mg/L PAM联合投加混凝剂的方式,出水浊度最低,可以达到10.8 NTU,浊度去除率达到95.5%;单独投加混凝剂条件下,PAC及聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)对于水中浊度去除效果优于聚合硫酸铁(PFS),但对于水体化学需氧量(COD_cr)的去除效果不及PFS,且投加3种混凝剂皆不能有效地降低水体总硬度。     

Improving Mine Water Quality by Low Density Sludge Storage in Flooded Underground Workings

This paper discusses the chemical and physical characteristics of low density sludge (LDS) and its interaction with mine water in a flooded German underground fluorite mine. The highly hydrous nature of the sludge (11.5–17 % solids), its rather low sedimentation rate, and its thixotropic viscosity were confirmed. The interaction of LDS and mine water was tested in the laboratory in batch experiments and modelled with PHREEQC. Mine water quality improved through contact with the LDS sludge: the total alkalinity and pH of the water increased and its iron concentration and total acidity decreased. Storage of sludge in a flooded mine could be a sustainable tool for both the handling of LDS and improvement of mine water quality, even when the LDS represents less than 1 % of the total mine water volume. No polymer flocculants from the LDS treatment plant were found in the discharged mine water.     

石膏/轻烧菱镁矿复合滤床法对铅污染水体修复研究

基于吸附共沉淀机理,将石膏和球磨菱镁矿粉复合加入处理模拟铅污染水体（含过量硫酸铅微粒的微混浊饱和硫酸铅溶液,Pb²⁺约2 mg/L,总铅10 mg/L）,研究了石膏（CaSO₄·2H₂O）、球磨菱镁矿（Mg(OH)₂和MgCO₃混合物）用量以及过滤时间对去除低浓度铅的影响。发现在最佳条件下可将水体的总铅含量降低到0.02 mg/L。在此基础上提出石膏轻烧菱镁矿复合滤床工艺,在对铅锌尾矿淋滤水和蓄电池厂排出含微量铅水进行试验中发现,可将水体中总铅降低到0.04 mg/L以下,总镉降低到低于0.1 mg/L,适合用于自来水供水及矿山尾矿库治理。     

改进膜法深度处理工艺对焦化废水的处理效果研究

针对焦化废水成分复杂、难降解等特点,对某化工厂焦化废水采用预处理并结合组合膜工艺进行深度处理,通过测定各工艺出水COD、总硬度、总碱度、电导率、浊度和pH值等指标,探究该改进膜法深度处理工艺对焦化废水的处理效果。结果表明,该膜法深度处理工艺对COD的去除率为99.8%,对总硬度的去除率约为99.5%,对总碱度的去除率达到99.1%～99.5%,对浊度的去除率达到100%,电导率下降99.7%。经改进膜法深度处理工艺处理后,出水COD、总硬度、总碱度、电导率和浊度等满足循环水水质标准和除盐水水质标准,pH值较标准偏低。超滤对浊度去除效果显著,对COD、总碱度、总硬度的去除和电导率降低效果不好,纳滤对COD、总碱度、总硬度的去除和电导率降低均有一定效果但均弱于反渗透。     

微絮凝-纳滤组合工艺在矿井水处理中的研究

论文介绍了用微絮凝-纳滤组合工艺处理含悬浮物矿井水的工艺流程.通过试验,确定了微絮凝过滤的最佳投药量.在过滤周期为30min时,采用反曝气方式运行的微絮凝-纳滤膜装置的组合工艺处理矿井水,对浊度和细菌的去除率分别达到99.8%和88%,系统出水的各项指标也达到了用水要求.     

Injection of Fluidized Bed Combustion Ash into Mine Workings for Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage

Abstract  A demonstration project was conducted to investigate treating acid mine water by alkaline injection technology (AIT). A total of 379 t of alkaline coal combustion byproduct was injected into in an eastern Oklahoma drift coal mine. AIT increased the pH and alkalinity, and reduced acidity and metal loading. Although large improvements in water quality were only observed for 15 months before the effluent water chemistry appeared to approach pre-injection conditions, a review of the data four years after injection identified statistically significant changes in the mine discharge compared to pre-injection conditions. Decreases in acidity (23%), iron (18%), and aluminum (47%) were observed, while an increase in pH (0.35 units) was noted. Presumably, the mine environment reached quasi-equilibrium with the alkalinity introduced to the system.     

Fate of sulphate removed during the treatment of circumneutral mine water and acid mine drainage with coal fly ash: Modelling and experimental approach

The treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) and circumneutral mine water (CMW) with South African coal fly ash (FA) provides a low cost and alternative technique for treating mine wastes waters. The sulphate concentration in AMD can be reduced significantly when AMD was treated with the FA to pH 9. On the other hand an insignificant amount of sulphate was removed when CMW (containing a very low concentration of Fe and Al) was treated using FA to pH 9. The levels of Fe and Al, and the final solution pH in the AMD–fly ash mixture played a significant role on the level of sulphate removal in contrast to CMW–fly ash mixtures. In this study, a modelling approach using PHREEQC geochemical modelling software was combined with AMD–fly ash and/or CMW–fly ash neutralization experiments in order to predict the mineral phases involved in sulphate removal. The effects of solution pH and Fe and Al concentration in mine water on sulphate were also investigated. The results obtained showed that sulphate, Fe, Al, Mg and Mn removal from AMD and/or CMW with fly ash is a function of solution pH. The presence of Fe and Al in AMD exhibited buffering characteristic leading to more lime leaching from FA into mine water, hence increasing the concentration of Ca²⁺. This resulted in increased removal of sulphate as CaSO₄·2H₂O. In addition the sulphate removal was enhanced through the precipitation as Fe and Al oxyhydroxysulphates (as shown by geochemical modelling) in AMD–fly ash system. The low concentration of Fe and Al in CMW resulted in sulphate removal depending mainly on CaSO₄·2H₂O. The results of this study would have implications on the design of treatment methods relevant for different mine waters.     

Treatment of acid mine drainage through a ferrite formation process in central Hokkaido,Japan: Evaluation of dissolved silica and aluminium interference in ferrite formation

A two-step neutralization process, leading to the formation of ferrites has been developed for the treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD). In the first neutralization step magnesium oxide was used to raise the pH to around 4.5 to eliminate aluminium (Al) and to reduce the silica (Si) concentration. In the second neutralization step sodium hydroxide was used to complete the neutralization and to precipitate ferrous and ferric hydroxides, from which ferrite could be formed. The AMD of a closed gold mine in central Hokkaido, Japan was treated in a continuous-flow bench-scale plant of the process. During the first neutralization step the removal of Si was more difficult than the removal of Al; the presence of both Al and Si interfered in the ferritization of the sludge. When the Al removal decreased from 94.5% to 64.3% the magnetism per unit mass of the sludge was reduced by 36.7% and when the Al removal decreased to 21.8% the magnetism of the sludge was reduced by 51.5%. The interference of coexisting Si was even stronger: the sludge showed a 26% and 36.7% decrease in magnetism when the removal of Si was reduced by 15% and 18%, respectively.     

Physico-Chemical Analysis and Correlation Study of Water Resources of the Sukinda Chromite Mining Area,Odisha, India

The Sukinda Valley of the Jajpur district of Odisha produces 98 % of India’s chromite ore. The region’s groundwater and Damsal Nala, the valley’s primary stream, have been contaminated by Cr(VI) due to surface runoff and leachates from overburden dumps. Samples of mine water, surface water, and groundwater were analyzed. The concentration of total Cr in the mine water ranged from 0.46 to 1.26 mg/L before treatment and between 0.03 and 0.45 mg/L after treatment. Effluent Cr(VI) ranged between 0.02 and 0.3 mg/L. Thus, discharge water at some mine sites still contain Cr(VI) at concentrations above the permissible effluent limits of 0.1 mg/L for inland surface water. Concentrations of Cr(VI) ranged from 0.02 to 0.23 mg/L in the Damsal Nala and nil to 0.13 mg/L in tube well water, sometimes exceeding the permissible limits, but were acceptable in dug wells. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that Cr(VI) positively correlated with sulfate (0.854) in surface water, hardness (0.379) and pH (0.361) in groundwater, and total Cr (0.970) in mine water.     

煤矿矿井水的净化处理技术研究

煤矿矿井水既是一种具有行业特点的污染源,又是一种宝贵的水资源。目前我国很多煤矿一方面严重缺水,另一方面未经处理直接外排,造成大量水资源的浪费,并且污染环境。经过对煤矿矿井水的适当处理,可提供达到国家饮用水标准的生活用水。在水处理过程中,进水的浊度的实时在线监测和出水的浊度控制十分重要,它直接决定水处理药品的加入量和水处理的效果。通过控制室将浊度数据与加入药品的量相联系,对加药量进行控制,既保证了水处理效果和出水水质,又节省了处理成本。     

从某氰化尾渣中回收金的研究

针对辽宁某金矿氰化尾渣泥化严重且其中载金矿物被强烈抑制的问题, 进行了脱泥试验和浮选药剂条件试验, 最终提出磨矿-矿泥分散和抑制-硫化矿活化浮选工艺流程, 采用碳酸钠和水玻璃为组合调整剂, 戊黄药和丁铵黑药为组合捕收剂, 硫酸铜为活化剂, 金回收效果明显, 金精矿中金品位从4.87 g/t提升至26.03 g/t, 回收率为65.12%。     

矿井高浓度有机废水处理及其资源化回用技术

研究矿井高浓度有机废水处理及其资源化回用技术,能够保障矿区水资源平衡。选取某煤炭开采区作为研究对象,抽取研究区域的矿井污染废水,检验所抽取废水的水质特征后,依据水质特征制定高浓度有机废水回用标准;利用搭砌原水池、漩涡絮凝反应沉淀池和安装多介质过滤器方式初步处理矿井高浓度有机废水,结合混凝技术与超滤技术设计混凝与超滤联用的资源回用装置,利用该装置处理完成初步处理的有机废水,实现矿井高浓度有机废水资源化回用。实验结果表明,该技术可以有效降低原水浊度值,降低超滤水浊度值至0.5左右;处理后的高浓度有机废水化学需氧量下降至3 mg/L左右;回用处理后的高浓度有机废水内有机污染物含量达到资源化回用标准,具备良好的实用性。     

Reducing the Hardness of Mine Water Using Transformed Fly Ash

In the Jharia Coalfields, Dhanbad, India, huge quantities of water are pumped out of underground mines to make mining possible. The water contains high concentrations of total hardness, which makes it unsuitable for domestic use. Waste fly ash generated nearby from burning the coal in thermal power plants can be converted into a zeolitic mineral, and used to treat the mine water. The fly ash zeolite was determined to be effective in removing total hardness from the mine water. At a 40 g/L dose of fly ash zeolite, approximately 72% of the hardness was removed from the mine water. However, the mine water still requires additional treatment to further reduce total dissolved solids to make the mine water potable.     

Development of the Sleeper Pit Lake

Abstract.  The Sleeper open pit gold mine operated from the mid-1980s through the mid-1990s. Operations were mostly sub-water table and extensive dewatering was required to lower groundwater levels by 180 m. Dewatering flows peaked at 930 L/s, with most flow contributed from an alluvial aquifer. After completion of mining, the pit was rapidly filled with water pumped from the alluvial aquifer to reduce the exposure time of sulfide wall rocks and waste rocks in the ultimate pit. The pumped alluvial groundwater provided a large volume of low total dissolved solids (TDS), high alkalinity water that controlled the early chemistry. The rising lake waters were amended with lime to buffer excess acidity contributed to the lake from reactive pit wall rocks during submergence. The pore water contained in submerged waste rock at the base of the pit was elevated in TDS and subsequently of higher density that the lake water. The density contrast and waste rock location limited contributions of waste rock pore water to the main body of the lake. Some stratification of the early lake occurred, with shallow water characterized by higher pH, low dissolved metals, and sulfate; deeper water had lower pH and higher dissolved metals and sulfate. The reservoir of alkalinity in the shallow layer mixed with the deeper waters and created a stabilized lake with a homogenized column that exceeded water quality expectations. Current water quality meets all Nevada primary drinking water standards with the exception of sulfate, TDS, and manganese, which are slightly elevated, as predicted. Chemistry has remained stable since development of the initial lake.     

不同中矿处理方式对红柱石浮选回收的影响

通过浮选试验研究了两种不同中矿处理方式对某红柱石矿浮选的影响。结果表明,中矿集中返回粗选能够得到高质量的红柱石精矿产品。以石油磺酸钠与十二烷基硫酸钠为混合捕收剂,在酸性矿浆环境中采用1次粗选,1次扫选,4次精选,2次强磁选的流程,闭路试验得到Al2O3品位为55.56%、Al2O3回收率为27.58%的红柱石精矿。采用中矿集中再磨再返回的工艺流程,提高了红柱石精矿的质量和回收率,获得Al2O3品位为56.29%、Al2O3回收率为28.35%的红柱石精矿。     

Copper Ion Recovery from Mine Water by Ion Flotation

Solutions containing copper ions are produced at copper mines due to its dissolution from ores and dumps. It is important to recover these ions to prevent this toxic element from entering the environment and because it could be economical. We investigated the use of ion flotation for extracting Cu ions from diluted mine water from the Veshnaveh Mine in Qom, Iran. Experiments were conducted using floatation cells at pH 6, 9, and 12 with diluted solutions containing 10 mg L^?1 of Cu. Sodium dodecyl sulfate and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (HTAB) were used as collectors and methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC) and ethanol were used as frothers. The best result was achieved by maximizing Cu ion recovery and minimizing water recovery at pH 12, using 100 mg L^?1 of HTAB and 0.1 % (v/v) of MIBC. Copper and water recovery were 79 and 24 %, respectively.     

Treatment of Acidic and Neutral Metal-Laden Mine Waters with Bone Meal Filters

Bone meal was used to treat two different mine waters: acidic (pH 4.5) mine water containing high concentrations of Fe and Al and neutral/slightly alkaline (pH 7) mine water. Original primary contaminants in both waters were Pb and Zn. The contaminants were dissolved in the acidic mine water and mostly suspended in the neutral mine water. Flow through the filter treating the acidic mine water was relatively low (0.1 L/min), but increased towards the end of the test period. Removal of Pb and Cu was very good in the acidic mine water (around 80 %); removal of Zn was slightly less (60 %) due to the final pH (≈6–6.5). Flow through the filter treating the neutral mine water was initially significantly higher (5 L/min) and the removal of Pb and Zn was less compared to the acidic mine water (50 % for Pb and 35 % for Zn). The major reason for the difference in metal removal in the two mine waters was the difference in Fe and Al sorption sites, flow rate, and pH; in order for the bone meal to dissolve and form metal phosphate, the pH has to be <7.     

组合捕收剂强化红柱石浮选回收试验研究

对Al2O3品位为25.05%、 SiO2品位为57.10%、TFe品位为6.50%的某红柱石矿进行了试验研究。结果表明，采用组合捕收剂石油磺酸钠和十二烷基硫酸钠强化对红柱石的捕收，能够显著提高红柱石回收率。闭路试验能够得到Al2O3品位为56.29%，Al2O3回收率为28.35%的红柱石精矿。     

某难选黑钨矿磁化浮选研究

针对江西某钨矿黑钨细泥损失较严重的情况,对水系进行磁处理,再对黑钨细泥进行浮选回收,结果发现黑钨细泥的回收效果比在未进行磁处理的水系条件下浮选效果要好,并且药剂的用量也可以减少。通过一次粗选三次精选两次扫选黑钨细泥磁化浮选闭路试验,可获得黑钨精矿品位61.23%,回收率83.02%;和常规黑钨细泥浮选试验相比,黑钨精矿品位提高了6.87%,回收率提高了7.19%。