碳纤维复合材料超声缺陷信号特征提取与降维

在对碳纤维复合材料进行超声无损检测时获取的回波信号往往构成复杂,某些缺陷特征不明显,使用传统小波方法对这类信号进行特征提取时效果并不理想。为解决上述问题,提出基于双树复小波包变换的频带局部能量特征提取方法以获取碳纤维复合材料超声缺陷信号的初始特征向量;在此基础上,使用基于粗糙集的ε-约简方法完成特征降维。实验结果验证了所提出方法的有效性,为实现碳纤维复合材料缺陷的自动和准确识别提供了新途径。     

A new optimum feature extraction and classification method for speaker recognition: GWPNN

Speech and speaker recognition is an important topic to be performed by a computer system. In this paper, an expert speaker recognition system based on optimum wavelet packet entropy is proposed for speaker recognition by using real speech/voice signal. This study contains both the combination of the new feature extraction and classification approach by using optimum wavelet packet entropy parameter values. These optimum wavelet packet entropy values are obtained from measured real English language speech/voice signal waveforms using speech experimental set. A genetic-wavelet packet-neural network (GWPNN) model is developed in this study. GWPNN includes three layers which are genetic algorithm, wavelet packet and multi-layer perception. The genetic algorithm layer of GWPNN is used for selecting the feature extraction method and obtaining the optimum wavelet entropy parameter values. In this study, one of the four different feature extraction methods is selected by using genetic algorithm. Alternative feature extraction methods are wavelet packet decomposition, wavelet packet decomposition – short-time Fourier transform, wavelet packet decomposition – Born–Jordan time–frequency representation, wavelet packet decomposition – Choi–Williams time–frequency representation. The wavelet packet layer is used for optimum feature extraction in the time–frequency domain and is composed of wavelet packet decomposition and wavelet packet entropies. The multi-layer perceptron of GWPNN, which is a feed-forward neural network, is used for evaluating the fitness function of the genetic algorithm and for classification speakers. The performance of the developed system has been evaluated by using noisy English speech/voice signals. The test results showed that this system was effective in detecting real speech signals. The correct classification rate was about 85% for speaker classification.     

Feature extraction and selection from acoustic emission signals with an application in grinding wheel condition monitoring

Feature extraction and feature selection are two important issues in sensor-based condition monitoring of any engineering systems. In this study, acoustic emission signals were first collected during grinding operations, next processed by autoregressive modeling or discrete wavelet decomposition for feature extraction, and then the best feature subsets are found by three different feature selection methods, including two proposed ant colony optimization (ACO)-based method and the famous sequential forward floating selection method. Posing monitoring as a classification problem, the evaluation is carried out by the wrapper approach with four different algorithms serving as the classifier. Empirical test results were shown to illustrate the effectiveness of feature extraction and feature selection methods.     

Extraction of shift invariant wavelet features for classification of images with different sizes

An effective shift invariant wavelet feature extraction method for classification of images with different sizes is proposed. The feature extraction process involves a normalization followed by an adaptive shift invariant wavelet packet transform. An energy signature is computed for each subband of these invariant wavelet coefficients. A reduced subset of energy signatures is selected as the feature vector for classification of images with different sizes. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve high classification accuracy of 98.5 percent and outperforms the other two image classification methods.     

焊接缺陷超声检测回波信号的双谱分析

针对焊接缺陷超声检测中信号处理的特征提取问题，应用高阶谱方法对三类压力容器焊接缺陷的超声回波信号进行了分析，在焊接缺陷超声检测中，回波信号的相位携带有被检对象重要的结构特征信息。高阶谱方法与常规的功率谱分析方法不同，它不仅有振幅而且包含有相位，能揭示常规功率谱分析所不能表现的重要信息。本文应用高阶累积量技术对缺陷回波信号进行双谱分析，提取出缺陷回波基于双谱的平均相位信息作为特征参量，取得了较好的识别结果。     

The speaker identification by using genetic wavelet adaptive network based fuzzy inference system

In this paper, an intelligent speaker identification system is presented for speaker identification by using speech/voice signal. This study includes both combination of the adaptive feature extraction and classification by using optimum wavelet entropy parameter values. These optimum wavelet entropy values are obtained from measured Turkish speech/voice signal waveforms using speech experimental set. It is developed a genetic wavelet adaptive network based on fuzzy inference system (GWANFIS) model in this study. This model consists of three layers which are genetic algorithm, wavelet and adaptive network based on fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The genetic algorithm layer is used for selecting of the feature extraction method and obtaining the optimum wavelet entropy parameter values. In this study, one of the eight different feature extraction methods is selected by using genetic algorithm. Alternative feature extraction methods are wavelet decomposition, wavelet decomposition – short time Fourier transform, wavelet decomposition – Born–Jordan time–frequency representation, wavelet decomposition – Choi–Williams time–frequency representation, wavelet decomposition – Margenau–Hill time–frequency representation, wavelet decomposition – Wigner–Ville time–frequency representation, wavelet decomposition – Page time–frequency representation, wavelet decomposition – Zhao–Atlas–Marks time–frequency representation. The wavelet layer is used for optimum feature extraction in the time–frequency domain and is composed of wavelet decomposition and wavelet entropies. The ANFIS approach is used for evaluating to fitness function of the genetic algorithm and for classification speakers. It has been evaluated the performance of the developed system by using noisy Turkish speech/voice signals. The test results showed that this system is effective in detecting real speech signals. The correct classification rate is about 91% for speaker classification.     

基于小波包变换的脑电波信号降噪及特征提取

针对原始脑电波信号存在非平稳性且非常容易受到各种信号干扰等特点,对基于小波变换和小波包变换的脑电波信号的滤波降噪方法,和基于小波包变换的脑电波信号特征提取方法进行了研究。首先利用MindSet采集到原始脑电波数据,然后分别应用小波变换和小波包变换对其进行降噪处理,比较了两种方法的性能,验证了基于小波包变换的降噪方法的优越性和特征提取方法的有效性。     

An entropy fusion method for feature extraction of EEG

Feature extraction is a vital part in EEG classification. Among the various feature extraction methods, entropy reflects the complexity of the signal. Different entropies reflect the characteristics of the signal from different views. In this paper, we propose a feature extraction method using the fusion of different entropies. The fusion can be a more complete expression of the characteristic of EEG. Four entropies, namely a measure for amplitude based on Shannon entropy, a measure for phase synchronization based on Shannon entropy, wavelet entropy and sample entropy, are firstly extracted from the collected EEG signals. Support vector machine and principal component analysis are then used for classification and dimensionality reduction, respectively. We employ BCI competition 2003 dataset III to evaluate the method. The experimental results show that our method based on four entropies fusion can achieve better classification performance, and the accuracy approximately reaches 88.36 %. Finally, it comes to the conclusion that our method has achieved good performance for feature extraction in EEG classification.

     

呼吸音信号的包络特征提取方法

针对时变宽带的呼吸音信号,在分析传统Hilbert变换方法提取包络的缺点基础上,提出基于复小波变换的呼吸音信号包络特征提取方法。选取Morlet复小波,以适当的尺度对预处理后的呼吸音数据进行变换得到包络,提取包络的统计量和能量作为特征,构造BP分类神经网络的输入矢量,经训练识别取得较好分类效果。研究表明该文的特征提取方法是行之有效的。     

基于多尺度小波包分析的肺音特征提取与分类

提出了一种适于非平稳肺音信号的特征提取方法.以4种肺音信号（正常、气管炎、肺炎和哮喘）为样本数据,通过分析肺音信号的时频分布特点,选择了具有任意多分辨分解特性的小波包.对小波包进行空间划分后找到了适合肺音特征提取的最优基,并基于最优基对肺音信号进行快速多尺度的分解,得到了各级节点的高维小波系数矩阵,建立了小波系数与信号能量在时域上的等价关系,并将能量作为特征值,构造了低维的作为分类神经网络的输入特征矢量,大大降低了输入特征的维数.研究表明该算法的识别性能是高效的.     

A multiscale feature fusion approach for classification of very high resolution satellite imagery based on wavelet transform

A novel methodology based on multiscale spectral and spatial information fusion using wavelet transform is proposed in order to classify very high resolution (VHR) satellite imagery. Conventional wavelet‐based feature extraction methods employ single windows of a fixed size, which are not satisfactory as the VHR imagery contains complex and multiscale objects. In this paper, spectral and spatial features are extracted based on a set of concentric windows around a central pixel in order to integrate the information across different windows/scales. The proposed method is made up of three blocks: (1) the conventional wavelet‐based feature extraction methods are extended from single band processing to multispectral bands, and from single window to multi‐windows, (2) two multiscale fusion algorithms are proposed to exploit the multiscale spectral and spatial information and (3) a support vector machine (SVM), a relatively new method of machine learning, is used to classify the multiscale spectral–spatial feature sets. The proposed classification method is evaluated on two VHR datasets and the results show that the multiscale approach can improve the classification accuracy in homogeneous areas while simultaneously preserving accuracy in edge regions.     

Neural network and wavelet average framing percentage energy for atrial fibrillation classification

ECG signals are an important source of information in the diagnosis of atrial conduction pathology. Nevertheless, diagnosis by visual inspection is a difficult task. This work introduces a novel wavelet feature extraction method for atrial fibrillation derived from the average framing percentage energy (AFE) of terminal wavelet packet transform (WPT) sub signals. Probabilistic neural network (PNN) is used for classification. The presented method is shown to be a potentially effective discriminator in an automated diagnostic process. The ECG signals taken from the MIT-BIH database are used to classify different arrhythmias together with normal ECG. Several published methods were investigated for comparison. The best recognition rate selection was obtained for AFE. The classification performance achieved accuracy 97.92%. It was also suggested to analyze the presented system in an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) environment; 55.14% for 0 dB and 92.53% for 5 dB. It was concluded that the proposed approach of automating classification is worth pursuing with larger samples to validate and extend the present study.     

Feature extraction and gating techniques for ultrasonic shaft signal classification

Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) coefficients of ultrasonic test signals are considered useful features for input into classifiers due to their effective time–frequency representation of non-stationary signals. However, DWT exhibits a time-variance problem that has resulted in reservations for its wide acceptance. In this paper, a new technique to derive a preprocessing method for time-domain A-scans signal is presented. This technique offers consistent extraction of a segment of the signal from long signals that occur in the non-destructive testing of shafts. Two different classifiers using artificial neural networks and support vector machines are supplied with features generated by our new preprocessing method and their classification performance are compared and evaluated. Their performances are also compared with other alternatives and report the results here. This investigation establishes experimentally that DWT coefficients can be used as a feature extraction scheme more reliably by using our new preprocessing technique.     

基于小波子空间、支持向量机和模糊积分的信号多类分类算法

为了对音频信号进行有效的分类，提出一种在小波变换子空间中基于支持向量机和模糊积分进行信号特征提取和分类的新算法．首先，对信号进行预加重和窗化处理；其次，用小波变换把信号分解到不同的子空间并提取每个子空间的特征；再次，对每一个子空间信号特征向量进行标准化、降维和分类；最后，用模糊积分将子空间分类结果融合，得出最终类．试验表明本算法速度较快、精确度高．     

基于优选小波基和模糊SOM网络的模拟电路故障诊断

为了解决模拟电路故障诊断中的特征提取困难并实现对模拟电路故障模式准确的分类,提出一种优选小波基、模糊理论和自组织特征映射网络(SOM,self-organizing feature map)相结合的模拟电路故障诊断方法.该方法首先对模拟电路故障响应信号进行小波分解、提取能量值、均值和方差组成输入特征向量,同时采用余弦分离度评价小波变换在不同小波基函数下获取故障特征的有效性,据此选择余弦分离度最小的小波基分解的特征向量输入到自组织特征映射网络进行故障分类.仿真实验表明,利用余弦分离度选择的最优小波基能有效提高模拟电路故障特征提取,模糊神经网络能对故障模式进行精确分类.     

小波和神经网络在心音识别中的应用

提出一种心音的特征提取和分类方法,用离散小波变换分解、重构产生信号的细节包络,进而用于提取特征,从预处理的信号中提取统计特性,作为心音分类的特征。多层感知器用于心音的分类,并通过250个心动周期得到验证,算法识别率达到92%。     

基于PCA的离散小波自回归情感识别

针对情感识别进行研究,提出基于主成分分析法（PCA）过滤小波变换结合自回归模型提取的信号特征方法,并基于梯度提升分类树以实现情感分类.将特征提取的重点放在脑电信号变化情况以及小波分量变化情况作为脑电信号特征.采用Koelstra等提出的分析人类情绪状态的多模态标准数据库DEAP,提取8种正负情绪代表各个脑区的14个通道脑电数据.结果表明,算法对8种情感两两分类识别平均准确率为95.76%,最高准确率为98.75%,可为情感识别提供帮助.     

Fault diagnosis of spur bevel gear box using discrete wavelet features and Decision Tree classification

The wavelet transform (WT) is used to represent all possible types of transients in vibration signals generated by faults in a gear box. It is shown that the transform provides a powerful tool for condition monitoring and fault diagnosis. The vibration signal of a spur bevel gear box in different conditions is used to demonstrate the application of various wavelets in feature extraction. In present work, a discrete wavelet, Daubechies wavelets (db1–db15) is used for feature extraction and their relative effectiveness in feature extraction is compared. The major steps in pattern classification are feature extraction and classification. This paper investigates the use of discrete wavelets for feature extraction and a Decision Tree for classification. J48 Decision Tree algorithm has been used for feature selection as well as for classification. This paper illustrates the powerfulness and flexibility of the discrete wavelet transform to decompose linear and non-linear processing of vibration signal.     

基于支持向量机的转子系统早期故障诊断方法

转子系统中的振动信号包含了很多状态信息,运行过程中故障特征的有效提取和识别对于转子系统早期故障诊断非常关键。针对转子系统故障信息的复杂性,提出将小波包分析和支持向量机相结合的转子系统早期故障诊断方法。该方法首先利用改进的小波包方法提取早期故障特征;然后将提取的特征向量输入基于支持向量机的分类器进行故障识别。实验分析结果表明,该方法在小样本情况下,能够有效识别转子系统的早期故障,具有很好的分类精度,而且能够实现旋转机械的多故障诊断。     

无线传感网络中的目标分类融合

In wireless sensor networks, target classification differs from that in centralized sensing systems because of the distributed detection, wireless communication and limited resources. We study the classification problem of moving vehicles in wireless sensor networks using acoustic signals emitted from vehicles. Three algorithms including wavelet decomposition, weighted k-nearest-neighbor andDempster-Shafer theory are combined in this paper. Finally, we use real world experimental data to validate the classification methods. The result shows that wavelet based feature extraction method can extract stable features from acoustic signals. By fusion with Dempster's rule, the classification performance is improved.