磁控溅射制备导电织物的工艺优化

为制得具有更小电阻即更好导电性能的织物,利用磁控溅射技术,以铜作为靶材,在涤纶纺黏热轧非织造布上沉积铜薄膜制备导电织物,测试其表面电阻值。分别对进气量、溅射功率、工作气压、靶基距、溅射时间进行单因素试验,探究溅射工艺参数对试样导电性能的影响规律;然后在单因素试验基础上对试验进行二次正交旋转组合设计,对显著因素进行参数优化。得出:制备较低表面电阻值的导电织物的最优参数组合为进气量35.00 m L/min、溅射功率83.0 W、工作气压0.400 Pa、靶基距3.900 cm、溅射时间4.10 min,所得导电织物表面电阻值在1.000 0~100.000 0Ω。     

磁控溅射法研制防紫外纳米铝膜涤纶织物

以涤纶织物为基底，高纯铝为靶材，利用磁控溅射法制备纳米铝薄膜。探讨了溅射气压、时间、功率和漫反射率对薄膜沉积速率和紫外线透过率的影响。试验结果表明，用该方法制备的铝膜涤纶织物，对350～400nm波段的紫外线屏蔽效果良好，透过率较镀膜前降低1．54-2．28倍。     

磁控溅射法制备纳米Ag薄膜的AFM分析和导电性能

在室温条件下,采用磁控溅射法在PET纺粘非织造布上制备了纳米Ag薄膜,用原子力扫描显微镜(AFM)分析溅射功率、溅射真空室气压等工艺参数对纳米Ag薄膜结晶状态、粒径的影响;研究了溅射工艺参数与薄膜导电性能之间的关系。实验结果表明,在室温下,随着溅射功率增加,纳米Ag薄膜Ag粒子尺寸增大,功率为120 W时,薄膜导电性能最好;随着反应气体压强增加,Ag粒子直径变小,薄膜的导电性能变差。     

磁控溅射法制备防紫外线PET织物的研究

探讨用磁控溅射法制备防紫外线PET织物的工艺条件及影响因素.用磁控溅射法在PET织物上制备纳米氟碳薄膜,在磁控溅射过程中对不同的PET织物布样采用不同的溅射功率、工作气压和基底温度等,使织物获得不同的防紫外性能.通过正交试验分析了磁控溅射法中各因素对PET织物防紫外线性能的影响规律,认为磁控溅射法在PET织物上制备PTFE薄膜以提高织物的防紫外线性能是可行的;影响织物防紫外线性能的因素按重要程度依次排列为织物品种、工作气压、溅射功率和基底温度.     

溅射功率对沉积纳米TiO2织物光催化性能的影响

室温条件下采用直流磁控反应溅射技术在涤纶纺粘非织造织物表面生长二氧化钛（TiO2）薄膜。采用X射线光电子能谱仪、X射线衍射仪和原子力显微镜对不同溅射功率条件下所制备TiO2薄膜的结构和表面形貌进行表征,研究溅射功率对薄膜沉积速率以及沉积纳米TiO2织物光催化性能的影响。实验表明：在一定范围内,溅射功率对沉积薄膜的化学结构影响不大,但溅射功率增加,薄膜的沉积速率和溅射效率提高,薄膜均匀性、致密性增加,沉积纳米TiO2织物光催化性能提高。但过高的溅射功率使靶材出现过温,不仅使薄膜沉积速率降低,均匀性下降,而且易损伤靶材。     

非织造布表面沉积ZnO薄膜的AFM和透光性分析

运用射频磁控溅射在非织造布基材上生长ZnO纳米结构薄膜。用原子力显微镜(AFM)分析了射频磁控溅射工艺参数(功率、压力、时间)对ZnO透明薄膜微结构的影响,并用分光光度计分析了样品的透光率。结果表明:随着沉积时间的延长,非织造布表面ZnO纳米结构薄膜的致密性、均匀性越来越好;较高的溅射功率加速了晶粒生长,但不易太大;过大的工作气压使ZnO颗粒形状逐渐变差;经ZnO镀层处理的非织造布对紫外光的吸收能力随着镀膜厚度的增加逐渐增强。     

基底结构对磁控溅射铜膜电磁屏蔽效能的影响

用直流磁控溅射法分别在涤纶机织布、针织布、纺粘非织造布表面制备铜薄膜,并用频谱分析仪与专用波导管测试所得样品在100 MHz~1.5 GHz之间的电磁屏蔽效能,用扫描电镜观察溅射样品的表面形貌,用显微镜观察基底布孔隙,并对结果进行比较分析。发现基底布表面结构形貌与孔隙对屏蔽效能均产生影响,前者更为显著。根据导电网络的连续性、几何结构的立体性及紧密程度、孔隙及未沉积的涤纶空白表面的几何结构对表面电阻、表面吸收损耗及反射损耗的影响,分析非织造布正反面屏蔽效能曲线的差异。非织造布正表面由于纤维粘连紧密,沉积铜后形成较连续的导电网络,屏蔽效能好;机织、针织布反之,屏蔽效能较差。除表面密实及平坦程度外,缝隙的尺寸及分布也影响屏蔽效能与频率曲线的形状。     

涤纶基表面磁控溅射纳米铜膜的电磁屏蔽性能

通过射频磁控溅射的方法,将金属铜溅射到涤纶机织布表面;讨论了基材编织密度、溅射时间、低温等离子体预处理对镀膜织物电磁屏蔽效能的影响。结果表明,随基材编织密度的增加,镀铜织物导电能力有所增强,当电磁波频率相同时,增加基材编织密度,样品的电磁屏蔽性能略微提高;延长溅射时间,导电涤纶织物的电磁屏蔽效能明显增强;等离子体预处理后,样品屏蔽效能提高。     

磁控溅射碳纤维基纳米铜薄膜的结构及其性能

 在室温条件下,以射频磁控溅射法在碳纤维布(CFFs)上沉积纳米结构Cu薄膜。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析薄膜的组成成分和结晶状态,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析不同功率下镀铜碳纤维布表面形貌的变化,同时研究了溅射功率对薄膜沉积速率、织物增重率、导电性能和结合牢度的影响．结果表明：在碳纤维布上沉积薄膜的主要成分是Cu元素,且薄膜结晶良好,结晶度为40.85%;随着溅射功率的增大,碳纤维布上的铜粒增多,铜粒增大,沉积速率增大,织物增重率增大,导电性能增强;经过5个周期的冷热循环实验后,在溅射功率180 w下制得的薄膜有脱落现象,且其方块电阻明显增加,说明薄膜结合牢度变差,因此,合理的溅射功率控制在60-140 w之间．     

涤纶基纳米铜膜材料电磁屏蔽性能

通过射频磁控溅射的方法将金属铜溅射到涤纶机织布表面,讨论了基材编织密度、溅射时间、低温等离子体预处理对镀膜织物电磁屏蔽效能的影响。结果表明,随基材编织密度的增加,镀铜织物导电能力有所增强,当电磁波频率相同时,基材编织密度的增加,样品的电磁屏蔽性能能略微增加;溅射时间的增加,导电涤纶织物的电磁屏蔽效能明显增强;等离子体体预处理后,样品屏蔽效能提高。     

磁控溅射对锦纶拉伸性能的影响及镀膜形貌观察

为研究磁控溅射对纺织材料性能的影响,利用JPGF-450I型磁控溅射镀膜机,以锦纶织物为基材,制备纳米铝膜。通过改变溅射功率、工作压强等工艺参数,获得在不同工艺条件下的镀铝膜锦纶织物,测试镀膜后锦纶织物中纱线的断裂强度、断裂功等拉伸性能,研究溅射功率与工作压强对镀膜织物中纱线拉伸性能的影响。结果表明：在室温下,镀膜纱线与原纱相比断裂强度有所提高,断裂强度不匀率降低,断裂功受断裂伸长率影响明显;随溅射功率的增加,镀膜纱线的断裂功和断裂伸长率都呈减小的趋势;工作压强在0.8～0.9Pa时,镀膜纱线的断裂功和断裂伸长率达到最大值。并通过AFM原子力显微镜观察了镀膜锦纶织物的表面形态发现,锦纶丝的表面形成了较完整均匀的纳米铝膜。     

高密羽绒布设计及有关生产技术问题的探讨(上)

针对羽绒布生产技术中原纱质量和浆料、浆纱工艺等技术问题进行探讨.指出喷气引纬工艺特性决定了喷气织机对经纬纱的质量要求比其他无梭织机要求高,且对纬纱质量要求高于经纱;纱线单强应按入纬率大小来确定,并着重控制强力弱环;加强控制3 mm以上危害性毛羽.采用"两高一低"上浆工艺是解决特细号宽幅羽绒布上浆质量的关键措施,其核心是确定与浆纱工艺速度相适应的"相当压浆力",合理掌握浆液浸透率与被覆率的比值以及浆膜完整率.     

Measurement of cloth fell position using image analysis

In this paper, a computer‐aided image‐analyzing method for measuring cloth fell position directly in a non‐contact manner is introduced. The method measures the cloth fell position from an image taken by means of a camera which is mounted over the woven fabric and warp region including cloth fell on a weaving loom. Laser light lines are used as reference lines. The image containing the reference lines, the fabric and warp system is decomposed using wavelet transforms. Horizontal detail coefficient matrix is filtered with local standard deviation of a kernel for textural feature extraction and grouping achieved by means of k‐means clustering in order to determine the cloth fell position. Due to the fact that reference line positions remain the same on the fabric, cloth fell position alterations can be calculated by measuring the distance between the reference line and the cloth fell. The conversion of the distance between the cloth fell position and the reference line, measured by the number of pixels, can be accomplished by using the known distance between reference lines as a means of calibration.     

高密羽绒布设计及有关生产技术问题的探讨(下)

针对羽绒布生产技术中原纱质量和浆料、浆纱工艺等技术问题进行探讨.指出喷气引纬工艺特性决定了喷气织机对经纬纱的质量要求比其他无梭织机要求高,且对纬纱质量要求高于经纱;纱线单强应按入纬率大小来确定,并着重控制强力弱环;加强控制3 mm以上危害性毛羽.采用"两高一低"上浆工艺是解决特细号宽幅羽绒布上浆质量的关键措施,其核心是确定与浆纱工艺速度相适应的"相当压浆力",合理掌握浆液浸透率与被覆率的比值以及浆膜完整率.     

Application of air‐jet nozzle in short staple Siro spinning system

With the objective of reducing the hairiness of Siro spun yarns, two types of air‐jet nozzle differing in the angle of sub‐holes and suitable for an air vortex ring spinning system were designed and fabricated. The performance of the JetSiro spinning system on short staple fiber materials and the effects of the different parameters on the hairiness of JetSiro spun yarns, such as nozzle pressure of compressed air, distance between front roller nip and inlet of nozzle, and nozzle structure, were investigated using the Taguchi method. The physical properties of JetSiro spun yarns with those of conventional Siro spun yarns were compared. The results show that the parameters, air pressure and distance between front roller nip and inlet of nozzle have the strongest and weakest effect on yarn hairiness. In addition, the optimum spinning conditions were determined. The application of the air‐jet nozzle exhibits significant reductions in yarn hairiness of 40%. The results revealed no significant effect of the air‐jet nozzle on the yarn tensile properties and evenness.     

AUTOCONER-338型自动络筒机的接头工艺与切疵有效性分析

介绍了AUTOCONER-338型自动络筒机空气捻接器的接头要求与影响接头质量的因素,并且就不同品种的纱线选用不同接头工艺进行了简单分析;介绍了如何评价络筒切疵有效性与影响切疵率的因素.通过以上2方面的分析介绍,及时调整设计与工艺,提高了生产效率,改善了布面质量.     

精梳棉双层弹力布的织造实践

在喷气织机上生产精梳棉双层弹力布时,在工艺设计上采用早绞边、小气压、小纬纱张力,在设备调试时注重边撑、废边纱、纬纱夹纱器的调节,有效地消除了布面起皱、裸丝、纬缩等疵点,提高了产品质量及生产效率.     

An electrochemical system for removing and recovering elemental mercury from a gas stream

The impending EPA regulations on the control of mercury emissions from the flue stacks of coal-burning electric utilities has resulted in the development of numerous advanced mercury control technologies such as sorbent injection and in-situ mercury oxidation. Although these technologies can effectively remove mercury from a flue stack they share, along with many other technologies, the common shortcoming of intermedia pollution transfer i.e. the traffic of mercury from the air phase to the solid phase and the subsequent generation of residue for landfill. This work addresses the need for an integrated system of mercury removal and recovery from flue stack gases and from the environment. The research explored the capture of elemental mercury from the gas phase at ambient temperature on an electrically conductive porous sorbent. The mercury loaded sorbent was regenerated at the anode in an electrochemical cell and the oxidized mercury recovered at the cathode as solid elemental mercury. Activated carbon cloth was selected as the most suitable sorbent as it had the highest mercury adsorption capacity of the sorbents tested and was electrically conductive. Direct and indirect electro-oxidation were shown to remove 95% and 100%, respectively, of the elemental mercury from the carbon cloth. After regeneration the carbon cloth was reused without any loss in mercury adsorption capacity. More than 99% of the mercury stripped from the cloth during regeneration was recovered at the cathode.     

布类材料在包装设计中的应用研究

在现代包装设计主题下,对各种布类材料的优缺点以及艺术感觉进行了分析,并与其他包装材料的性能进行了对比,结合目前布类包装材料在包装设计中的功能作用,对布类材料在现代包装设计中的使用注意事项进行了讨论,拓宽了布类材料在绿色包装设计中的应用范围;不仅能减轻环境压力,还能强化人们的绿色环保意识,加快绿色包装设计的发展步伐。     

拉细羊毛及其混纺织物的结构与光泽

针对拉细羊毛(Optim)纤维纯纺及其混纺织物,应用扫描电子显微镜观察拉细羊毛及其织物的表观形态结构,测试了织物压缩性和织物的光泽,进行了织物因子聚类分析。研究结果表明:拉细羊毛织物的纤维卷曲少,纤维由椭圆形变成略带多边形,鳞片间距变大;织物内纱线纤维挤得比较紧,织物压缩平均厚度值小,表面厚度较小;织物的正反射、漫反射光强和对比光泽度较大,呈现良好的光泽和平滑性。织物因子聚类分析表明:纯拉细羊毛织物处于细羊毛和羊毛/蚕丝混纺织物之间,拉细羊毛织物具有丝般光泽。