PP-g-MAH对PP/SiO2纳米复合材料力学性能的影响

为了进一步提高聚丙烯的力学性能,以马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)为聚丙烯/二氧化硅(PP/SiO2)纳米复合材料的界面相容剂,研究了PP-g-MAH添加量对PP/SiO2的力学性能、微观形态以及结晶行为的影响,并研究了其增容机理.研究表明:PP-g-MAH的加入使纳米PP/SiO2纳米复合材料的力学性能得以全面提高,使纳米二氧化硅与聚丙烯的界面粘结得到改善,并且,由于PP-g-MAH导致复合材料的界面强度提高和界面层厚度增加,使KH-570与PP-g-MAH并用的PP/PP-g-MAH/纳米SiO2复合材料比单用KH-570的PP/SiO2纳米复合材料的改性效果更加明显;PP-g-MAH对PP的结晶过程具有较明显的成核作用,使改性PP的结晶温度提高.     

β-成核剂对聚丙烯/木粉复合材料结晶与力学性能的影响

通过挤出成型法制备聚丙烯/木粉复合材料(PP/WF),添加一种镧系稀土金属络合物(WBG)成核剂诱导PP/WF复合材料中等规聚丙烯(iPP)形成β晶型。以差示扫描量热和X射线衍射为表征方法,分析成核剂对PP/WF结晶行为的作用,进而研究其对力学性能的影响。结果表明,WBG成核剂能有效地诱导PP/WF产生β-iPP结晶,当WBG的添加量为m(WBG)/m(PP)=0.3/100时其产生的β晶相对含量达到78.75%,β-iPP的相对含量还与PP/WF的冷却速率密切相关;添加WBG提高了复合材料中iPP的结晶温度;WBG成核剂能显著改善复合材料的冲击韧性,但对弯曲和拉伸性能略有不利影响。     

SPTW 对聚丙烯复合材料力学性能的影响

目的研究六钛酸钾晶须添加量的不同对聚丙烯复合材料力学性能的影响。方法采用硅烷偶联剂KH550改性六钛酸钾晶须(SPTW),利用熔融共混法,将改性过的六钛酸钾晶须与聚丙烯(PP)、马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)熔融共混制得PP/PP-g-MAH/SPTW复合材料。结果比较不同含量的六钛酸钾晶须对复合材料力学性能的影响,发现添加适量改性过的六钛酸钾晶须可明显改善复合材料的力学性能。随着六钛酸钾含量的不断增加,其弯曲强度也增大,当SPTW的质量分数为12%时,弯曲强度提高了21.5%,随着含量的继续增加,弯曲强度开始下降;其拉伸强度和冲击强度都呈先增加后降低的趋势,在SPTW质量分数为8.3%左右时,其拉伸强度和冲击强度分别提高了19.7%和31.8%。结论在聚丙烯中添加经硅烷偶联剂KH550改性的SPTW,其质量分数为12%时,力学性能最佳。     

PP镁盐晶须复合材料的性能研究

研究了镁盐晶须填充改性聚丙烯(PP)材料的力学性能以及PP-g-MAH和PP-g-GMA为相容剂对复合材料的影响等.结果表明:镁盐晶须能明显改善PP材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量等力学性能;PP-g-MAH和PP-g-GMA作为相容剂改善镁盐晶须对PP的增韧补强作用.     

二氧化钛对PP/SPTW复合材料性能的影响

目的研究不同质量分数的二氧化钛(TiO_2)对聚丙烯/六钛酸钾晶须复合材料力学性能的影响,并找出TiO_2的最佳质量分数。方法首先采用硅烷偶联剂KH550改性二氧化钛和六钛酸钾晶须(SPTW),然后将改性过的二氧化钛与改性过的六钛酸钾晶须、马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)、聚丙烯(PP)通过熔融共混法制得PP/PP-g-MAH/SPTW/TiO_2复合材料。结果比较了不同含量二氧化钛对聚丙烯/钛酸钾晶须复合材料性能的影响。研究表明,二氧化钛能够明显改善复合材料的力学性能,随着二氧化钛含量的递增,复合材料的力学性能总体呈先增加后降低的趋势。当二氧化钛质量分数为1%时,复合材料的弯曲强度、拉伸强度和冲击强度分别增大了35.2%,41.2%和33.7%。随着TiO_2质量分数的继续增加,复合材料的弯曲强度逐渐开始下降,拉伸强度和冲击强度在其质量分数超过2%时逐渐开始减小。结论当TiO_2质量分数约为2%时,复合材料的综合力学性能最佳。     

GF对SPTW/PP电商包装复合材料力学性能的影响

目的研究玻璃纤维(GF)对聚丙烯(PP)/六钛酸钾晶须(SPTW)复合材料力学性能的影响。方法首先选用硅烷偶联剂KH550对六钛酸钾晶须进行改性,采用聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)作为相容剂,通过在PP/SPTW复合材料中引入不同质量分数的玻璃纤维(GF),利用熔融共混法制得一系列PP/SPTW/GF复合材料。采用SEM观察冲击断面结构和XRD观察复合材料晶型结构,并比较引入不同质量分数的GF后PP/SPTW复合材料力学性能的变化。结果当复合材料中GF质量分数为5%时,复合材料的弯曲强度、拉伸强度和冲击强度达到最佳,分别提升了18.38%,16.31%,20.24%;当复合材料中GF质量分数大于5%时,复材料的力学性能开始下降。结论在复合材料中引入GF后,能够明显改善复合材料的力学性能,且随着GF质量分数的逐渐增加,复合材料的力学性能整体呈现出先上升后下降的趋势。     

改性纳米或微米SiO_2的分散方法对木粉-SiO_2/聚丙烯复合材料力学性能的影响

未改性和乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(VTS)改性的纳米SiO_2和微米SiO_2作为增强相,采用直接分散(干分散)和溶液分散(湿分散)两种方法将SiO_2添加到聚丙烯(PP)基体中。将木粉(WF)作为改性相添加到SiO_2改性的PP中制备WF-SiO_2/PP复合材料,探索SiO_2粒径、分散度及界面改性对复合材料增强效果的影响。红外光谱显示改性后的SiO_2已经成功接枝到PP基体上;与未填充SiO_2的WF/PP复合材料相比,干分散模式添加质量比为9%的微米SiO_2或9%的纳米SiO_2,WF-SiO_2/PP复合材料的弯曲强度分别降低了21%和18%;然而,湿分散模式以VTS改性微米SiO_2和纳米SiO_2,WF-SiO_2/PP复合材料弯曲模量分别提高了17%和22%,且抗蠕变性能也明显改善;通过干分散和湿分散模式添加微米SiO_2,均使WF-SiO_2/PP复合材料冲击强度提高了17%。研究表明,在SiO_2粒子分散均匀且与基体界面结合良好的前提下,加入适量微米SiO_2或纳米SiO_2使WF-SiO_2/PP复合材料的冲击强度提高了15%～25%。     

两种马来酸酐接枝物对膨胀阻燃聚丙烯增韧共混复合体系性能的影响

用膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR)和乙烯辛烯共聚物(POE)对聚丙烯(i PP)进行阻燃和增韧改性,比较研究了两种典型增容剂聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)和乙烯辛烯共聚物接枝马来酸酐(POE-g-MAH)对膨胀阻燃增韧共混复合体系阻燃性能以及力学性能的影响。结果表明:IFR可提高聚丙烯共混物的燃烧性能,但是明显降低材料的力学性能,而增容剂的加入可同时提高复合材料的燃烧性能和力学性能。PP-g-MAH使IFR的分散更均匀,添加1%(质量分数,下同)的PP-g-MAH使复合材料的平均热释放速率、热释放速率峰值、比消光面积平均值以及烟释放总量比未添加增容剂的阻燃材料分别下降24%、30%、56%和46%;而POE-g-MAH能使复合材料形成包覆结构,使其冲击强度明显提高,加入5%的POE-g-MAH可使复合材料冲击强度提高93%。     

次磷酸铝对木粉/高密度聚乙烯复合材料阻燃及力学性能的影响

以次磷酸铝(AHP)为阻燃剂对高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)基木塑复合材料进行阻燃改性。采用锥形量热、垂直燃烧、极限氧指数(LOI)系统评价复合材料的阻燃性能。通过拉伸强度、无缺口冲击强度、弯曲强度等测试,探讨了复合材料的力学性能。并通过热失重分析、扫描电镜对AHP阻燃木粉/HDPE(WF/HDPE)复合材料的机理进行分析。结果表明,AHP、木粉(WF)及WF中的结合水构成膨胀阻燃体系,AHP质量分数为30%时,WF/HDPE复合材料达到垂直燃烧V-0级别,LOI值达到25.5%,阻燃性能显著提高。AHP的加入使WF/HDPE复合材料的力学性能有所下降。     

不同主链马来酸酐接枝物对PP/OMMT纳米复合材料增容效果的对比

用熔融插层法制备了聚丙烯/有机蒙脱土(PP/OMMT)系列复合材料,比较了两种马来酸酐接枝物(PP-g-MAH,POE-g-MAH)对体系的增容效果,同时,考察了OMMT含量对材料力学性能和线膨胀性能的影响。X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)测试结果表明,增容剂的加入能够使OMMT在基体中分散尺寸变小并产生更多的插层和剥离,其中,POE-g-MAH比PP-g-MAH的增容效果好。材料的力学性能受增容剂品种和OMMT含量的影响,PP-g-MAH的加入可在不降低材料韧性的同时使其刚性也得到提高,POE-g-MAH对体系有良好的增韧效果,但却使材料的拉伸强度下降。线膨胀系数测试结果显示,OMMT的加入使聚丙烯的线膨胀系数显著下降,并且PP-g-MAH增容体系较POE-g-MAH增容体系下降更加明显。     

挤出次数及相容剂对ABS/PMMA合金性能的影响

用熔融共混的方法制备了丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物(ABS)/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)合金,研究了挤出次数和相容剂对合金性能的影响,采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定了ABS/PMMA合金的玻璃化转变温度,用场发射扫描电镜(SEM)观察了材料冲击断口的表面形貌。结果表明,挤出次数对拉伸强度没有明显影响,对冲击强度有小幅度影响;苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)作为相容剂增加了合金的拉伸强度,降低了合金的韧性。SEM观察表明,PMMA使材料由韧性断裂向脆性断裂转变,SMA对于ABS/PMMA合金的相容性没有明显的改善作用。     

共聚物对PVC／PE共混物相容性的作用

本实验室合成了丁二烯－ｂ－甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物（ＰＢＤ－ｂ－ＰＭＭＡ），氢化聚丁二烯段得到含聚乙烯结构的氢化聚丁二烯－ｂ－甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物（ＨＰＢＤ－ｂ－ＰＭＭＡ）作为聚氯乙烯／聚乙烯（ＰＶＣ／ＰＥ）共混物的增容剂。实验结果表明，共聚物增加了ＰＶＣ／ＰＥ体系的相容性。共混物中加入共聚物后，体系的冲击强度，断裂伸长率和拉伸强度都有提高。动态粘弹谱和扫描电镜也证实了共聚物的增容作用。共聚物使共混体     

Use of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) in the Characterization of EPDM/PP Blends

New polyolefinic thermoplastic elastomers based on the ethylene–propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) and polypropylene (PP) containing an EPDM elastomer of the last generation (Nordel NDR 47130), obtained by polymerization in the gaseous phase with metallocene catalysis, were prepared and characterized. The melting and crystallization behavior of these blends was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. It is observed that the melting temperature, crystallization temperature, and crystallinity degree increase with an increase of PP loading. The influence of the blend composition on the physico-mechanical characteristics was discussed using statistical processing of the experimental data. Two compatibilizing procedures were utilized to improve the physico-mechanical characteristics of the samples: an addition method using different compatibilizing agents and dynamical vulcanization with three types of crosslinking systems. Significant improvements of the tensile strength and tear strength were noted by dynamic crosslinking, and the best results were obtained using a crosslinking system based on phenolic resin and tin chloride.     

Properties of silane grafted polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites

Polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites were prepared by melt compounding using organosilane modified polypropylene (PP-g-VTES) as compatibilizing agent. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile modulus, and Izod impact strength. Addition of PP-g-VTES improved clay dispersion, as shown by the distribution of platelets per particle, and improve the interaction between clay and polymer matrix. Crystallization peak temperature (T_p) was increased in 10 °C using PP-g-VTES as compatibilizing agent. However the crystallization process and its rate were unmodified. The tensile modulus of compatibilized nanocomposite is 1.5 times higher compared to pure PP.     

SEBS增容等规聚丙烯/间规聚苯乙烯共混体系的结构与性能

用3种组成相近而分子量不同的苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯共聚物(SEBS)作为增容剂,对等规聚丙烯/间规聚苯乙烯(iPP/sPS)共混物进行增容。研究了共聚物的分子量对iPP/sPS共混物的形态结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明,中、低分子量的SEBS具有较好的增容作用,能有效提高共混物的拉伸强度;而高分子量的SEBS则能显著改善共混物的韧性。用SEM观察了增容剂在共混物中的分布情况,揭示了共混物的力学性能不仅取决于增容剂的界面活性,而且还与增容剂在共混物中的分布密切相关。     

碾磨对PVC/SBS共混体系增容增韧效应的研究

研究了经磨盘形力化学反应器碾磨处理后的PVC／SBS共混体系的结构与性能。结果表明,经过碾磨的PVC／SBS共混体系的GPC曲线峰型变宽,峰位向高分子量部分移动,Molau实验和FT—IR均表明在碾磨过程中有PVC—SBS共聚物生成,SBS与PVC的相容性得到了改善。PVC的冲击强度为4.6kJ／m^2,以PVC与SBS共碾磨产物(MCB)为增容增韧荆可使PVC／MCB(100／59)的冲击强度高达68.1kJ／m^2。少量超细CaCO2的加入可提高共混体系的屈服强度和断裂伸长率,通过碾磨可获得既增韧又增强的良好效果。     

Compatibilizing effect of ethylene-vinyl acetate-acrylic acid copolymer on nylon 6/ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer blended system: mechanical properties, morphology and rheology

A polymer blended system of nylon 6 and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) compatibilized with ethylene-vinyl acetate-acrylic acid ternary copolymer (EVAA) has been studied. EVA is incompatible with nylon 6, however, the combination of the EVA and EVAA results in compatibilized blends with good toughness. The compatibilization of EVAA is achieved by the similar structure with EVA and the reaction between its carboxylic groups and amine groups of nylon 6. The ternary blends were characterized through the mechanical, morphological and rheological property investigations. The dramatic increasing in impact strength and the fine dispersing of EVA in nylon 6 matrix demonstrated a good compatibilizing effect of EVAA on the blends of nylon 6 and EVA.     

The role of poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-isophthalate) as interfacial agent in polypropylene–matrix composites

The effect of modifying the particle/matrix interfacial region on the morphology and tensile behaviour of glass bead-filled polypropylene (PP) composites was studied. The interface modification was promoted by blending PP with a small concentration (5% by weight) of poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-isophthalate) (co-PET). Ten different PP/co-PET/glass beads ternary composites were prepared, characterized and compared with the homologous PP/glass beads binary ones. Maleic anhydride-grafted PP was added as a compatibilizing agent for PP and co-PET in some of the studied formulations, and its effect studied. Furthermore, four different silane-treated glass beads were used to prepare the composites (50 wt.%). Results showed that three different interfaces, corresponding to three different levels (low, middle and high) of particle/matrix adhesion, could be obtained in these composites by varying the matrix composition and the silane coupling agent on the glass bead surface, which resulted in a wide range of tensile properties, from ductile composites with low tensile strength and high elongation to brittle ones with high tensile strength. It was found that co-PET embeds glass bead surface independently of the silane coupling agent employed. Finally, the adhesion degree differences between the different composite phases seemed to be the main cause to explain the differences found in the sensitivity of the composite tensile characteristics to the strain rate.     

MAH改性方法对淀粉/聚乳酸界面相容性的影响

以玉米淀粉和聚乳酸(PLA)为原料,马来酸酐(MAH)为改性剂,通过熔融挤出法制备淀粉/PLA复合材料。研究了MAH分别作为增容剂和淀粉酯化剂这两种改性方法对淀粉/PLA相容性的影响,并对复合材料的熔融加工性能、力学性能和耐水性能进行了测试。X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和热重分析(TGA)结果都证明,MAH与原淀粉先进行干法酯化改性再与PLA复配制得酯化淀粉/PLA复合材料,比MAH作为增容剂直接添加制得原淀粉/MAH/PLA复合材料具有更好的界面相容性。受界面相容性提高程度的影响,酯化淀粉/PLA复合材料的熔融加工性能、拉伸强度、弯曲强度、断裂伸长率和耐水性能都优于原淀粉/MAH/PLA复合材料。     

高密度聚乙烯/木粉复合材料的热氧老化(Ⅰ)——增容剂及抗氧剂对复合材料耐热氧老化的效果对比

采用高密度聚乙烯、木粉为原料,采用模压工艺制备木塑复合材料,通过力学性能及热性能的研究,对比分析了界面增容剂马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯(MAPE)及不同抗氧剂对木塑复合材料耐热氧老化性能的影响.结果表明,未老化前,使用25%的MAPE可使木塑复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度及冲击强度分别提高68.65%、29.60%和67.53%,所用的3种抗氧剂同样都可提高复合材料的弯曲强度及冲击强度,但均将降低复合材料的拉伸强度.热氧老化600h后,MAPE改性的木塑复合材料具有最高的强度值,耐老化效果优于使用抗氧剂的木塑复合材料,更明显优于未改性的木塑复合材料.使用MAPE及抗氧剂均可提高老化后复合材料的热稳定性,但MAPE增容将提高木塑复合材料的起始熔融温度,而抗氧剂却将降低复合材料的起始熔融温度.