梳状聚氨酯/聚丙烯酸异冰片酯杂化乳液的合成与性能

用含刚性环状结构丙烯酸酯改性水性聚氨酯,通过乳液聚合法制备了具有互穿网络(IPN)结构的梳状聚氨酯/聚丙烯酸异冰片酯杂化乳液。讨论了丙烯酸异冰片酯对梳状水性聚氨酯乳液性能的影响。红外谱图结果表明杂化乳液中丙烯酸异冰片酯反应完全。所形成的IPN结构对提高梳状水性聚氨酯的力学强度、热稳定性、耐热性有显著效果,但对粘接性能改善不利。随着丙烯酸异冰片酯单体含量增加,梳状聚氨酯/聚丙烯酸异冰片酯复合物力学强度、热稳定性、耐热性和耐水性增加,但粘接性能显著降低。     

复合紫外吸收剂对聚丙烯酸酯乳液薄膜抗老化性的影响(英文)

讨论了金红石型纳米TiO2,2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮(UV-531)及R-TiO2/UV-531的紫外光吸收性质,并通过超声分散和原位聚合工艺将其添加到聚丙烯酸酯乳液中,采用UV-vis,FTIR和SEM探讨了紫外吸收剂对聚丙烯酸酯乳液薄膜抗紫外老化性能的影响。结果表明,复合紫外吸收剂拓展了紫外光区的吸收范围,优于单一的有机/无机紫外吸收剂。R-TiO2/UV-531发挥了有机和无机紫外吸收剂的协同效应,利用具有良好光稳定性的金红石型纳米TiO2的遮光性减缓了UV-531的分解。原位聚合使R-TiO2/UV-531更好地分散于乳液中,提高了薄膜的抗老化性。     

聚丙烯酸酯改性环氧树脂的力学性能

通过丙烯酸乙酯(EA)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA)在环氧树脂中原位聚合,制备了聚丙烯酸酯改性的缩水甘油醚双酚A(DGEBA)-甲基四氢苯酐(MeTHPA)环氧树脂体系。原位聚合形成的聚丙烯酸酯在环氧树脂基体中形成"海-岛"结构。与纯环氧树脂基体相比,当丙烯酸酯质量分数为10%时,经PEA和PBA改性的聚丙烯酸酯/双酚A-MeTHPA体系的拉伸强度分别降低9.51%和4.00%,而拉伸弹性模量分别降低14.81%和9.52%;玻璃化温度变化不大;而冲击强度分别增加了26.5%和31.0%,断裂延伸率分别增加22.03%和30.07%,增韧效果明显。     

石墨烯/星形聚丙烯酸酯纳米复合涂料的制备及性能EI北大核心CSCD

采用电子转移活化再生催化剂原子转移自由基聚合(ARGET-ATRP)方法,设计和制备了适合涂料用的线型、三臂和六臂星形聚丙烯酸酯。凝胶渗透色谱和差示扫描量热分析结果表明合成的聚丙烯酸酯相对分子质量与理论值相近,分布较窄,玻璃化转变温度适中。以这些树脂为基体,制得石墨烯/星形聚丙烯酸酯纳米复合涂料。相对于石墨烯/线型聚丙烯酸酯纳米复合涂料漆膜,石墨烯/星形聚丙烯酸酯纳米复合涂料漆膜具有低至0.8%的导电逾渗阈值。流变测试表明,星形聚丙烯酸酯溶液的黏度明显低于线型聚丙烯酸酯溶液的黏度,石墨烯的加入引起星形聚丙烯酸酯溶液的黏度增加程度远小于线型聚丙烯酸酯溶液黏度的增加程度。透射电镜和激光粒度分析结果证实石墨烯在星形聚丙烯酸酯中的分散性好于线型聚丙烯酸酯。石墨烯可以提高漆膜的模量、玻璃化转变温度及其它的基本物理性能。     

石墨烯/星形聚丙烯酸酯纳米复合涂料的制备及性能

采用电子转移活化再生催化剂原子转移自由基聚合(ARGET-ATRP)方法,设计和制备了适合涂料用的线型、三臂和六臂星形聚丙烯酸酯。凝胶渗透色谱和差示扫描量热分析结果表明合成的聚丙烯酸酯相对分子质量与理论值相近,分布较窄,玻璃化转变温度适中。以这些树脂为基体,制得石墨烯/星形聚丙烯酸酯纳米复合涂料。相对于石墨烯/线型聚丙烯酸酯纳米复合涂料漆膜,石墨烯/星形聚丙烯酸酯纳米复合涂料漆膜具有低至0.8%的导电逾渗阈值。流变测试表明,星形聚丙烯酸酯溶液的黏度明显低于线型聚丙烯酸酯溶液的黏度,石墨烯的加入引起星形聚丙烯酸酯溶液的黏度增加程度远小于线型聚丙烯酸酯溶液黏度的增加程度。透射电镜和激光粒度分析结果证实石墨烯在星形聚丙烯酸酯中的分散性好于线型聚丙烯酸酯。石墨烯可以提高漆膜的模量、玻璃化转变温度及其它的基本物理性能。     

聚硅氧烷型交联剂的制备及其在聚合物多孔材料中的应用

为了获得性能优异的聚合物多孔材料,首先,在封端剂六甲基二硅氧烷(MM)的存在下,通过硅酸钠与甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPS)的水解缩聚反应制备了含甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基官能基团的MTQ有机硅树脂;然后,以MTQ硅树脂为交联剂,丙烯酸异辛酯(EHA)为单体,利用高内相比乳液模板法制备了MTQ硅树脂/聚丙烯酸异辛酯(PEHA)聚合物多孔材料;最后,对该多孔材料的孔结构、压缩性能和热稳定性进行了研究。结果表明:采用MTQ硅树脂作为交联剂制备得到的MTQ硅树脂/PEHA聚合物多孔材料的泡孔孔径介于4~10μm范围内,毛孔孔径分布于0.3~2.0μm区间内;泡孔之间紧密相连,毛孔均匀分布且通道较窄。MTQ硅树脂含量对MTQ硅树脂/PEHA聚合物多孔材料的比表面积和孔容的影响较小,但可显著提高聚合物多孔材料的热稳定性和压缩强度;在氮气氛围下,聚合物多孔材料的最大热分解速率温度可达411.5℃。     

表面活性剂有序聚集体在纳米材料制备中的应用

介绍了表面活性剂在溶液中形成的各种有序聚集体－胶团（反胶团），微乳液，液晶及囊泡等，综述了它们作为微反应器或作为模板在纳米材料制备中的应用。     

无有机溶剂法合成水性聚氨酯-聚丙烯酸酯胶粘剂

采用羧酸型亲水扩链剂二羟甲基丁酸(DMBA)以及磺酸型亲水扩链剂2,4-二氨基苯磺酸钠(SDBS),选用乙烯基单体作为聚氨酯(PU)预聚合的连续相,制备了稳定的无挥发性有机溶剂(VOC)水性聚氨酯-聚丙烯酸酯(SPUA)胶粘剂。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)对改性前后PU的分子结构进行分析对比,并考察了亲水扩链剂用量、聚丙烯酸酯(PA)含量对胶粘剂的耐水性、稳定性和力学性能的影响。结果表明。当SDBS含量为2%(wt,质量含量,下同),DMBA为4.5%,PA为25%时,SPUA胶粘剂的耐水性、稳定性和力学性能最佳,固含量可达43%。透射电镜(TEM)照片表明,SPUA乳胶粒呈圆球状,乳液平均粒径分布均匀。     

核壳型纳米TiO2改性含氟聚丙烯酸酯无皂乳液的合成和性能

为了制备表面自由能低、耐候性和紫外吸收性优异的聚丙烯酸酯乳液,采用无皂乳液聚合技术,合成了核壳型纳米TiO2改性含氟聚丙烯酸酯无皂乳液,采用透射电镜(TEM)对其形貌进行观察,并探讨引发剂、可聚合乳化剂、含氟单体、纳米TiO2的用量以及2种不合氟的单体的配比对乳液紫外吸收性能及吸水性的影响.结果表明:引发剂过硫酸铵(APS)用量(相对于总单体的质量分数)为1.2％,可聚合乳化剂烷基乙烯基磺酸盐(AVS)用量(相对于总单体的质量分数)为3.5％,不合氟单体甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA)的质量比为2.0∶3.0,含氟单体甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯(DFMA)用量(相对于MMA单体和BA单体用量之和的质量分数)为6％时,乳液的聚合稳定性好,单体转化率高,聚合物膜的疏水性强;纳米TiO2粒子成功地被含氟聚丙烯酸酯聚合物包裹,形成了以纳米TiO2/聚丙烯酸酯为核,含氟聚丙烯酸酯聚合物为壳的核壳结构,纳米TiO2用量(相对于总单体的质量分数)为0.3％时,乳液的紫外吸收性能最好.     

双硫酯为链转移剂的活性自由基水相聚合

在通常的自由基乳液聚合体系中加入双硫酯链转移剂PhC(S)SCH(CH3)Ph，研究了3种酯类单体的活性自由基水相聚合。发现在引发剂与链转移剂的摩尔比为1：3．3－1：4时，可得到多分散性系数小（＜1．3），实测分子量与理论分子量相近的聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯（PBMA）、聚丙烯酸丁酯（PBA）等聚合物；聚合物的分子量随时间和转化率的增加而增加，具有活性聚合特征；醋酸乙烯酯的聚合未得到理想产物。以偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）为引发剂时，合适乳化剂为OP－8（占单体量10％）；以（NH4）2S2O8引发时，合适乳化剂是十二烷基磺酸钠（占单体量2．4％）与聚乙烯醇（PVA，占单体量1％）的混合乳化体系。油溶性引发剂AIBN具有较好的控制聚合效果。     

Synthesis of hollow calcium carbonate particles by the bubble templating method

Hollow calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) is a potential component in many industrial fields such as plastics, rubbers, papermaking, and drug delivery. This paper described a novel approach to synthesize hollow CaCO₃ particles by using bubble as template via passing CO₂ bubbles into calcium chloride (CaCl₂) solution in the presence of ammonia (NH₃) at 27 °C. The CO₂ bubble is not only the reactive material, but also the template of hollow particles. The newly-formed primary particles attach to bubbles and form a solid shell. After filtering and drying the hollow CaCO₃ particles were obtained. Physical characteristics of the precipitate were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).     

Fabrication of raspberry-like superhydrophobic hollow silica particles

Raspberry-like superhydrophobic hollow silica particles were prepared through a sacrificial polymer template method. The Stöber method was adopted to coat silica onto the surface of cationic polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA) particles by electrostatic interaction. The surface of the PMMA-silica composite particles exhibited raspberry-like morphology with high surface roughness. Hollow silica particles were then obtained by calcination to selectively remove the PMMA core. Subsequent modification with nonafluorohexyltriethoxysilane (NFH-silane) conferred superhydrophobicity on the hollow silica particles. The surface property of this particles were investigated by measuring their water contact angle, and the results showed that such perfluorinated raspberry-like hollow particles had unique superhydrophobic.     

Preparation and characterization of CdS hollow spheres

CdS hollow spherical particles with average diameter of 800 and 850 nm have been prepared using core/shell fabrication method with poly-(styrene-acrylic acid) (PSA) latex particles as template. TEM images show that smoothly coated core/shell composite particles have been fabricated by multicycles of coating in optimum concentration of reactants. CdS hollow spheres were obtained after removing the template by dissolving the polymer in the organic solvent, and the wall thickness is about 40-100 nm.     

Synthesis of submicrometer-sized hollow titania spheres with controllable shells

Submicrometer-sized hollow titania spheres with controllable shells have been prepared using polystyrene particles as a template in conjunction with the sol–gel method. The hollow spherical structures could be confirmed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The void sizes of the hollow spheres were 15–20% smaller than the diameters of the polystyrene template. The shell thickness and surface roughness of the hollow titania spheres increased with increasing the concentrations of titanium tetrabutoxide ethanol solutions. Furthermore, when the volume ratio of titanium tetrabutoxide to ethanol was 1:5, a porous titania structure was yielded, rather than dispersive hollow titania spheres. As expected, the shell thickness of the hollow titania spheres could be readily controlled by altering the number of the titanium tetrabutoxide layers coated on the polystyrene template.     

模板法制备聚苯胺空心微球材料及其电化学性能

运用模板法,以聚苯乙烯(PS)胶体粒子为微球核,使苯胺单体吸附于PS胶体粒子表面,然后利用原位的化学氧化聚合,制备出聚苯乙烯/聚苯胺(PS/PANI)核壳材料.然后再将PS微球核溶解,最终得到PANl空心微球材料.采用傅立叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜对所得材料进行成分和形貌的分析.利用循环伏安法、恒流充放电测试法和循...     

Preparation of submicrometer-sized titania hollow spheres by templating sulfonated polystyrene latex particles

Submicrometer-sized titania hollow spheres with tunable shell thickness and smooth surfaces have been successfully synthesized by employing sulfonated polystyrene (PS) latex particles as a template in sol-gel method. The structure of the particles was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The shell thickness was readily tuned by altering the concentration of titanium tetrabutoxide (TBOT) in ethanol solutions. The surface roughness as well as the shell thickness has the tendency to increase with the increase in the concentration of TBOT. The diameter of the hollow spheres was on the average of 20-26% smaller than the diameter of template PS latex particles. Some titania fragments were also observed for the sample with the highest TBOT concentration.     

Shape-controlled hollow silica nanoparticles synthesized by an inorganic particle template method

Shape-controlled hollow silica nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by an inorganic particle template method, which involves sol–gel silica coating over surfaces of the template and followed by acid-dissolution removal of the template. This work demonstrates shape control of the hollow particle using calcium carbonate as the template with a variety of shapes such as cubic, rough-surfaced spherical and rod-like particles. Inner size and shape of hollow silica nanoparticles synthesized were exactly reflected to outer size and shape of template used, and existence of micropores in the silica shell wall was verified by nitrogen gas adsorption analysis.     

Synthesis of ultra-small hollow silica nanoparticles using the prepared amorphous calcium carbonate in one-pot process

The ultra-small hollow silica nanoparticles were synthesized using the prepared amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) particles as a template. The ACC particles were firstly prepared by carbonation method, which procedure was conducted in the methanol solvent to form the Ca(OCH₃)₂ layers on the ACC particles. An effect of methanol concentration on the morphology of ACC particles was also investigated. The prepared ACC particles were directly coated by silica through adding tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) into the methanol solvent. Hence, the ACC-silica core-shell particles were obtained since the ACC particles have a positive charge and interact with hydrolyzed TEOS. The ACC particles could be stabilized through the reaction between methanol and calcium ions when the methanol concentration was increased over than 40?vol%.     

Vesicle Templating

Vesicle templating presents a unique opportunity to construct submicrometer hollow particles. These authors give an overview of recent developments, discussing both polymerization inside the vesicle membrane (see Figure), and growth on the outer surface of the vesicle. Successful vesicle templating requires an understanding of the interactions between the vesicle bilayer, the polymer precursor, and the growing material.     

Development of new templating approach for hollow nanoparticles and their applications

This review mainly focuses on simple template routes for hollow particles and introduces their applications. An inorganic template using inorganic particles is a facile technique to obtain hollow particles with various shapes, sizes, from nano to micron, and also different shell microstructures. These structure controls provide wide applications such as superior thermal insulation films, anti-corrosion films, and unexpected “easy-to-grip” volley ball coatings, etc. This technique is also an environmentally friendly route that only requires a mild condition to remove the template, and the generated byproducts can be reused for synthesis of the template. This paper describes the sol–gel synthesis which is useful to form the shell structure of the hollow particle and then how to control the particle structure using various templating routes. In addition to our achievements using hollow silica nanoparticles, the development of applications such as the lithium ion battery, biomedical products, and catalysts, will be outlined.