Mo—La—Ce稀土钼合金丝材及其制备方法

本发明涉及一种Mo—La—Ce稀土钼合金丝材及其制备方法。其特征在于该钼合金丝材中含有重量百分比为0．4％～1．0％La2O3和CeO2,且La2O3：CeO2的重量比为4：1。制备方法与传统的粉末冶金生产工艺不同,是将二氧化钼、La（NO3）3、Ce（NO3）4溶液进行真空干燥液-固掺杂,而后进行二次还原制取二元稀土掺杂钼粉,再经压制、烧结、压力加工等工序,制备出规格为Ф0．5～0．8mm Mo—La—Ce稀土掺杂钼丝。本发明的原料廉价、易得,所制备的钼丝抗拉强度高、耐磨性能强、工艺简单、不易弯曲脆断、成品率高、一致性好、使用寿命长。     

杂质元素对钼丝力学性能和显微组织的影响

在相同的制备工艺(压制、烧结、旋锻、拉拔)下,采用碳、氧、铁、镍元素含量不同的钼粉分别制备出两种φ0.1 8 mm的钼丝,对其成形过程和成品的显微组织和力学性能进行分析对比。结果表明,杂质元素含量降低,将显著净化晶界和窄化晶界,进而有助于提高钼金属的塑性和成形性;当氧含量由2 100 mg/kg降低到580 mg/kg时,钼丝的旋锻成品率提高57.2%;当铁、镍含量降低时,成品钼丝的室温延伸率提高0.51%。     

Mo—La2O3阴极比的AES深度剖析

激活后发射良好的Ｍｏ－Ｌａ２Ｏ３阴极表层含有大量镧，原子浓度比约为（稍大于）１０％；发射衰减的阴极表层中镧含量减少，未激活的原始阴极丝表层中镧更少。对不同状态阴极中氧含量及其变化的比较，以及碳、钼峰分析认为：发射良好阴极中镧的活性程度较大，即超额镧的存在是影响阴极工作性能的主要因素；衰减后阴极中镧的总量蝇不小，但镧的活性显著降低是阴极发射不好的主要原因。     

La元素在钼合金丝中赋存形式的时序性分析

实验研究了变形态Mo-La合金丝的显微组织和力学性能对La含量的敏感性.实验结果表明,随着La含量的增加,变形态Mo-La合金丝的显微组织和力学性能的变化不大.这与退火态钼合金丝的强韧化效果随La含量变化而变化的规律不同.这一现象是La元素在钼合金丝中的赋存形式及其转化过程的时序性特征所致.Mo-La合金丝中,晶粒细化和位错钉扎的效果取决于La2O3颗粒的数量及其在钼基体中的弥散度.XRD衍射谱表明,在固-液掺杂MoO2还原制得的Mo-La合金粉末中,La元素并不是以La2O3,而是以La2Mo2O7的形式存在.La2O3颗粒是在Mo-La丝的整个工艺过程中,通过La3+离子与游离态氧原子结合,或La2Mo2O7分解的途径而逐步形成的.变形态Mo-La合金丝的制备过程不足以使La3+离子全部转变为La2O3,导致La2O3颗粒的生成过程滞后于制备过程,因此La含量对Mo-La合金丝的力学性能和显微组织的影响趋势不甚明显.     

La2O3含量及退火温度对钼合金晶粒尺寸及显微硬度的影响

本文研究了La2O3含量及退火温度对钼合金晶粒尺寸及显微硬度的影响规律,利用位错理论分析了La2O3对晶粒长大和显微硬度的影响机理。结果表明：随着第二相颗粒La2O3含量的增加,钼合金晶粒长大和再结晶的退火温度有升高的趋势;La2O3的强化效果并非随含量增加而线性增大,添加的La2O3含量处在0.27%～0.49%范围时,钼合金显微硬度的增幅最大,当La2O3含量大于0.49%时显微硬度增幅减小;随着退火温度的升高,钼合金显微硬度逐渐降低。     

High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of La2O3-MosSi3/MoSi2 Composites

The oxidation behavior of 0. 8% La2O3- Mo5Si3/MoSi2 composites at 1200℃ in air was investigated. The results reveal that the oxidation resistance of the material with 0. 8% La2O3 and Mo5Si3 is impaired. The oxidation resistance is decreased with increasing Mo5Si3 content. The mass loss follows a linear law in the initial oxidation. With oxidation time prolonging, a continuous and dense oxidation scale prevents oxygen from diffusing increasing when and leads to mass change a Mo5Si3 content is less than 30%. However, the composite shows ＂PEST＂ with the addition of 40% Mo5Si3. With increasing Mo5Si3 content, the oxidation resistance of 0.8% La2O3- Mo5Si3/MoSi2 decreases. This attributes to the poor oxidation resistance of M05Si3 and the relative density decreasing of 0. 8% La2O3-Mo5Si3/MoSi2 composite.     

钼镧掺杂钼丝生产工艺研究

论述了掺杂不同La2O3含量的48 mm钼镧合金钼棒,选择正确的工艺路线,确定合理的拉伸起点,通过调整退火点,优化退火工艺及加工工艺参数,研制不同用途的Mo-La2O3掺杂钼丝。     

La2O3掺杂氧化锌压敏阀片压敏电位梯度与显微组织的研究

采用添加微量La2O3的方法，提高氧化锌压敏阀片的电位梯度，使之具有优良的综合性能。同时研究了数量La2O3添加剂对氧化锌压敏电阻片的压敏电位梯度的影响，并通过SEM测试手段对其微观组织结构进行了分析研究，从理论上探讨了La2O3影响氧化锌压敏阀片压敏电位梯度与组织的机理。研究结果表明，在0-0.08mol%分成范围内，随着La2O3含量的增加，氧化锌压敏阀片的压敏电位梯度明显提高；当La2O3含量超过0.08mol%时，随其含量的增加，氧化锌压敏阀片的压敏电位梯度又呈降低趋势。其原因是La2O3加入到氧化锌压敏阀片中，La主要以固溶的形态分布于ZhO的晶内和晶界处，使ZnO晶体的自由电子浓度增大，进而使填隙锌离子Zni的总浓度下降，因此填隙锌离子的传质能力下降，抑制了ZnO晶粒的生长、因而晶粒尺寸随La2O3的添加量下降，压敏电位梯度显著提高。     

A Study on La2O3－Y2O3－Mo Secondary Emission Material

The substrate molybdenum doped with La2O3, Y2O3 cathode material was made by the powder metallurgy method. The secondary emission coefficients of the materials were tested. The experimental results show that Mo cathodes doped with La2O3, Y2O3 have good secondary emission properties. When the cathodes are activated, the maximal secondary emission coefficients of these cathodes are higher than 2.0 and can meet the practical requirement. The distribution of the rare earth in the interior and at surface of this kind of cathode material before and after emission was studied using Scanning Electronic Microscopic (SEM) and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectrum(XPS). The analysis results show that the rare earth is easy to gather at grain boundaries and the relevant concentration of rare earth on the surface after emission is obviously greater than that before emission.     

Y2O3含量对钼合金组织和性能的影响

采用粉末冶金方法制备含Y2O3的稀土钼合金,利用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、能谱分析(EDS)等手段对钼合金的断裂特征和组织结构进行对比分析,研究稀土氧化物Y2O3含量对钼合金组织和性能的影响.研究表明:添加Y2O3能细化晶粒、改善钼合金的晶粒均匀性和致密度、提高钼合金的性能:拉伸强度和屈服强度随Y2O3含量的增加呈现先增高后降低的趋势,在Y2O3含量为1％时,抗拉强度达511.43MPa,屈服强度456.99MPa,分别是纯钼材料的1.31倍和1.57倍,综合力学性能最佳;在烧结坯中,Y2O3颗粒分布均匀,主要以球形和等轴状形式存在于晶界上.     

Effect of copper and molybdenum additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of steel shot

The effect of copper and molybdenum additions on the microstructure of particles produced by the atomization of an iron-carbon melt by an air-water jet using a new atomizer unit has been studied. The application of air-water atomization instead of water atomization is shown to intensify the solidification of particles with a fine microstructure. The introduction of molybdenum (up to 0.6 wt %) into a melt refines the structural constituents of the granules and decreases the fraction of the retained austenite, and the introduction of copper (up to 0.8 wt %) leads to the opposite results. The addition of copper (up to 0.6 wt %) and molybdenum (up to 0.6 wt %) to a melt results in a homogeneous microstructure consisting of fine acicular martensite and fine molybdenum carbides. Low-temperature vacuum tempering at 350°C for 1 h leads to insignificant decarburization of the martensite and the precipitation hardening of the base metal due to copper alloying. The microstructure of a steel alloyed by molybdenum and copper provides an increase in the wear resistance of the steel shot by a factor of 1.5–2 and high quality of the shot (close to the best foreign analogs).     

La2O3-Mo阴极材料中La2O3稳定性研究

本文采用高温光电子能谱方法对La2O3-Mo阴极及碳化La2O3-Mo阴极材料表面La2O3的化学稳定性进行了研究.实验结果表明,La2O6并不具备文献报道的极好的化学稳定性.材料中的La2O3在高温、真空条件下,其部分晶格氧发生分离.La2O3可以被Mo2C还原成单质La.单质La的结合能高于La2O3的结合能.实验证实单质La3d5/2的结合能为835.96eV,并首次给出La3d3/2的结合能实验数值为852.23eV.     

喂Ca-Si丝对钢中夹杂物变性的研究

文章主要通过实验研究了钢中加钙后夹杂物的各种和变化.研究结果表明:80t钢包喂200mCa-Si丝后,钢中硫化物,Al2O3几乎全部变成球状,而且经Ca-Si处理后,钢中的平均脱硫率为25.25%.钢的洁净度有一定的提高.     

Effect of La2O3 on granular bainite microstructure and wear resistance of hardfacing layer metal

The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of La2 O3 on the granular bainite microstructure and wear resistance of hardfacing layer metal. The hardfacing layer metals with different contents of La2 O3 were prepared. The microstructures of the hardfacing layer metals were observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The hardness and wear resistance of the hardfacing layer metals were measured respectively. The results indicated that with the increasing content of La2 O3, the amount of granular bainite increased, while that of martensite decreased and that of retained austenite did not change obviously. When the content of La2 O3 was 2.55 wt.%, the volume fraction of the granular bainite in the hardfacing layer metal was 73.2%. Meanwhile, the wear resistance of the hardfacing layer metal was the largest, which was 12100 min/g. The mismatch between the face(100) of LaAlO3 and the face(100) of δ-Fe was 7.1%. Therefore, LaAlO3 could act as moderate effective heterogeneous nuclei of δ-Fe and the granular bainite could be refined.     

La2O3在低质坯料卫生瓷乳浊釉中的应用

以低质珍珠岩为主要原料,通过正交设计,研制出低温烧成卫生瓷坯料配方,针对其坯体色深、白度低的情况,成功研制出La2O3基高强乳浊釉对其有效遮盖.经生产实际运行,产品指标均达到企业标准要求,不仅实现了用低质料生产优质卫生瓷的目的,同时显著降低了坯体的烧成温度,缩短了烧成周期,经济效益显著.     

CaCl2-NaCl熔盐中La2O3电脱氧反应的电化学研究

采用熔盐电解法研究了La2O3电脱氧反应过程。由电位阶越实验及取样电流电位分析和对电解产物进行X衍射分析表明La2O3的电脱氧反应是可以进行的，La2O3得电子还原为低价脱氧产物LaO，接着LaO作为中间产物与阳极气体Cl结合生成氯氧镧。     

复合添加Zr、Cr和La对铝再结晶温度的提高作用

以99．99％高纯铝为原料,以中间合金形式复合添加zr、cr和La,采用铸锭冶金法制备铝合金。通过对合金的组织结构观察和分析以及力学性能测试,研究复合添加zr、Cr和La对铝再结晶温度的提高作用。结果表明：在铝中同时添加0．1％Cr和0．28％La（质量分数,％,下同）,可使铝的再结晶起始温度提高约30℃,铝的再结晶得到抑制;复合添加0．09％Zr、0．1％Cr和0．14％La,铝的再结晶起始温度提高了约30℃,终了温度提高约60℃,铝的再结晶及晶粒长大现象得到显著的抑制。与同时添加Cr和La相比,复合添加Zr、Cr和La对铝的强化作用更大。     

Si_3N_(4(p))/SiC_((w))强韧化MoSi_2基复合材料的显微组织与力学性能

采用热压工艺制备了不同Si3N4(p)和SiC(w)体积含量的MoSi2基复合材料,通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、维氏硬度计、电子万能材料试验机等研究了复合材料的显微组织、硬度、断裂韧度和抗弯强度,并对其强韧化机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明,复合材料结构致密,强化相与MoSi2之间没有新相生成,力学性能较纯MoSi2得到大幅度提高,其中MoSi2-20%Si3N4(p)-20%SiC(w)复合材料具有最好的抗弯强度和断裂韧度,分别为427MPa和10.4MPa.m1/2。复合材料的强化机制为细晶强化和弥散强化,韧化机制为细晶韧化和裂纹偏转与分支韧化。