酸酐化LLDPE/PS增容母料对LLDPE/PS/PA6三元共混物结构及性能的影响

结合聚烯烃与聚苯乙烯间的Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应和聚烯烃熔融接枝马来酸酐(MAH)技术,制备了酸酐化线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)/聚苯乙烯(PS)(70/30,质量比)增容母料。以该母料作为多相相容剂,考察了其对LLDPE/PS/尼龙6(PA6)(60/20/20,质量比)三元共混物微观结构、力学性能和流变性能的影响。红外测试结果表明,酸酐化LLDPE/PS增容母料中含有(LLDPE/LLDPE-g-PS)-g-MAH;三元共混物加入母料后有接枝物(LLDPE/LLDPE-g-PS)-gPA6生成。扫描电镜及力学性能测试结果显示,三元共混物加入质量分数为10%母料后两分散相粒径显著减小,三相之间从互相分离转变为互相连接;力学性能明显提高。动态流变测试结果表明,加入母料后三元共混物的储能模量(G')、损耗模量(G″)和复数黏度(η*)上升,损耗因子(tanδ)减小;三元简单共混物出现2个内耗峰,母料的增容作用可使2个内耗峰均消失。     

(PS-g-LLDPE)-g-MAH增容PA6/LLDPE/PS三元共混物的微观结构及力学性能EI北大核心CSCD

以(聚苯乙烯(PS)-g-线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE))-g-马来酸酐(MAH)为相容剂,改变混合方法,制备了具有不同微观结构的尼龙6(PA6)/LLDPE/PS(60/20/20,质量分数)三元共混物。根据热力学、动力学因素,预判了共混物的微观结构;再结合扫描电镜和力学性能测试,考察了微观结构对力学性能的影响。结果表明,简单共混时,因界面张力的作用,在PA6中PS会包裹LLDPE形成壳核结构;该增容剂黏度大,增容时合适的混合方法,使其更易扩散至相界面,有利于阻碍PS包裹LLDPE,使两相独立分散;预判结果与测试结果相一致;壳核结构的出现,会掩盖LLDPE(核)的韧性,使材料呈现出硬而脆的特点;两相独立分散,在保证材料刚性的同时又能提高韧性;采用(PS-g-LLDPE)-g-MAH先与PS、LLDPE混合再与PA6混合的共混法时,增容效果最好,其缺口冲击强度相较于简单共混物提高了近5倍,材料整体表现出硬而韧的特点。     

(PS-g-LLDPE)-g-MAH增容PA6/LLDPE/PS三元共混物的微观结构及力学性能

以(聚苯乙烯(PS)-g-线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE))-g-马来酸酐(MAH)为相容剂,改变混合方法,制备了具有不同微观结构的尼龙6(PA6)/LLDPE/PS(60/20/20,质量分数)三元共混物。根据热力学、动力学因素,预判了共混物的微观结构;再结合扫描电镜和力学性能测试,考察了微观结构对力学性能的影响。结果表明,简单共混时,因界面张力的作用,在PA6中PS会包裹LLDPE形成壳核结构;该增容剂黏度大,增容时合适的混合方法,使其更易扩散至相界面,有利于阻碍PS包裹LLDPE,使两相独立分散;预判结果与测试结果相一致;壳核结构的出现,会掩盖LLDPE(核)的韧性,使材料呈现出硬而脆的特点;两相独立分散,在保证材料刚性的同时又能提高韧性;采用(PS-g-LLDPE)-g-MAH先与PS、LLDPE混合再与PA6混合的共混法时,增容效果最好,其缺口冲击强度相较于简单共混物提高了近5倍,材料整体表现出硬而韧的特点。     

增容对LLDPE/PET微纤增强复合材料形态和结晶的影响

采用熔融挤出、拉伸和退火制备了线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)质量比为80/20的增容和未增容微纤增强复合材料(MFC)。利用扫描电镜(SEM)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)分别研究了增容剂LLDPE-g-MAH对微纤复合材料中LLDPE的结晶、熔融以及分散相PET形态变化的影响。结果表明,增容剂LLDPE-g-MAH的加入,影响了PET粒子成纤的连续性,减小了分散相尺寸,当增容剂用量为10份时影响最为明显;PET微纤对基体LLDPE的结晶有异相成核作用,这种作用受增容剂用量的影响,增容剂用量为10份时,对LLDPE结晶有促进作用,而PET的熔点却随增容剂增加而降低。     

PS/POE增容母料对SAN/PS/POE共混物结构及性能的影响

利用Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应制备了聚苯乙烯(PS)/聚烯烃弹性体(POE)(50/50,质量比,下同)增容共混物。抽提结果显示,该共混物中PS-g-POE接枝共聚物的质量分数为28.3%。以该共混物作为增容母料,考察其对苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物/聚苯乙烯/聚烯烃弹性体(SAN/PS/POE)共混体系力学性能、热稳定性、微观结构等方面的影响。结果表明,固定SAN/PS/POE共混物组成,部分PS、POE组分被增容母料取代后,共混物性能得到明显提高,共混物SAN/PS/POE(50/20/30)与SAN/母料/POE(50/40/10)相比,其拉伸强度从10.8 MPa上升至21.0 MPa,断裂伸长率从1.6%上升至22.3%;热重分析显示,增容共混物中易分解组分的热稳定性提高,共混物SAN/PS/POE(20/10/70)与SAN/母料/POE(20/20/60)相比,其易分解组分的分解温度从413.6℃提高到425.1℃;从扫描电镜(SEM)照片可以看出,增容共混物中分散相更均匀细小。     

酸酐化LLDPE/PS增容母料对PLA/LLDPE/PS共混物性能的影响

在聚乳酸(PLA)/聚苯乙烯(PS)/线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)(质量比40:30:30)共混物中加入酸酐化LLDPE/PS(质量比50:50)增容母料,考察增容母料用量对共混物力学性能、热性能、动态流变性能、微观形貌和孔径分布的影响。红外分析表明,共混体系加入酸酐化增容母料后有(LLDPE-g-PS)-g-PLA接枝共聚物生成;力学性能测试表明,在加入质量分数10%的增容母料后,相较于简单共混物,其拉伸强度提高了160.5%,断裂伸长率提高了184%,继续增大增容母料用量,力学性能提升并不明显;热性能分析表明,共混物中的PLA相结晶规整度提高,加入10%增容母料后,PLA的熔点(T_m)上升了2.03℃,LLDPE的结晶温度(T_C)上升了1.23℃;动态流变测试结果表明,随着增容母料用量的增大,共混物的储能模量(G’)、损耗模量(G’’)和复数黏度(η*)均有上升,损耗因子(tanδ)下降;扫描电镜分析表明,加入增容母料使共混物相分散均匀、相尺寸减小;压汞仪测试表明,共混物经正庚烷、环己烷抽提后,遗留的“PLA”形成了分级多孔结构,增容母...     

丁苯橡胶/废胶粉弹性体合金的结构与性能

利用反应性增容方法制备了丁苯橡胶(SBR)/废胶粉(SRP)弹性体合金,并研究了反应性增容剂对SBR/SRP弹性体合金的结构与性能的影响。结果表明,当丁苯橡胶100份、增容剂用量9份、废胶粉(粒径80 m esh)用量45份时,弹性体合金的力学性能最佳。差示扫描量热仪和动态力学分析的结果显示,加入增容剂后,弹性体合金的玻璃化转变温度发生位移,SBR与SRP的相容性提高。扫描电镜和透射电镜的结果揭示,加入增容剂后,废胶粉的粒子被丁苯橡胶基体包覆,两相间粘合力大大增强。     

加工温度对线型低密度聚乙烯/聚苯乙烯薄膜微观形态及光散射性能的影响

采用微层共挤出制备了16层(线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)/聚苯乙烯(PS))共混物/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)交替层状材料,将PMMA层剥去后得到从皮层和芯层不同位置的LLDPE/PS薄膜。研究加工温度对皮层和芯层薄膜微观形态和光散射性能的影响。微观形态观察显示,对于200℃制备的皮层和芯层LLDPE/PS薄膜中PS均以球状分散,皮芯层差异较小。随着加工温度的升高,PS分散相开始沿挤出方向变形,特别在皮层薄膜中的变形尤为显著,皮芯层形态差异逐渐增大。光散射性能测试结果表明,加工温度升高后,试样的光散射各向异性程度增加,透光性降低,雾度均在93%左右,同时皮芯层的光学性能差异逐渐增大。说明较低的加工温度更有利于制得均匀结构和光散射性能优异的LLDPE/PS光散射材料。     

PS/LLDPE原位增容及合金的热性能与动态流变行为

用傅立叶红外光谱、热失重分析、动态流变等方法研究了聚苯乙烯(PS)/线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)大分子之间的Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应.结果表明,在PS/LLDPE(质量比80/20)共混物中加入0.4%的AlCl<,3>,有利于生成较多LLDPE-g-PS接枝物,其接枝百分比达30.9%,与简单共混体系...     

Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应就地增容LLDPE/PS合金的研究

在融熔状态下，利用Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应就地增容LLDPE／PS合金，考察了催化剂品种，用量，温度，时间等对接枝比及合金性能的影响。结果显示，无水三氯化铝为一有效催化剂，对于LLDPE／PS＝70／30共混物，加入1％无水三氯化铝，120℃，混炼5min，可获得较高力学性能的合金。     

Effect of different polypropylenes and compatibilizers on the rheological,mechanical and morphological properties of nylon 6/PP blends

In this work, the rheological, mechanical and morphological properties of nylon 6/polypropylene compatibilized blends were investigated. Two types of polypropylene were used. One with MFI of 40 g/10 min (PP H103) and the other with MFI of 3.5 g/10 min (PP H503). The compatibilizers used were polypropylene grafted with 6% of acrylic acid (PPgAA) and polypropylene grafted with 1% of maleic anhydride (PPgMA). The blends composition was 80/20 (wt%) for the PA6/PP binary blends and 80/10/10(wt%) for the nylon 6/PPgAA/polypropylene and nylon 6/PPgMA/polypropylene ternary blends. Torque rheometry analysis showed that when PPgAA and PPgMA were added to nylon 6/polypropylene blends, there was an increase in the torque, indicating that reactive compatibilization has occurred. There is no influence of the polypropylene MFI on the mechanical properties of the uncompatibilized and compatibilized blends. The impact strength of the blends containing PPgMA were greater than those of the blends containing PPgAA. The blends containing PPgAA are unstable. SEM analysis showed that PPgMA improves considerably the adhesion between PA6/PP phases, leading to good mechanical properties.     

PS/EPDM就地相容化

采用扭矩分析、凝胶含量和力学性能测定、共混物热分析、界面形态观察等方法考察了无水AlCl3用量对聚苯乙烯（PS）和乙丙三元橡胶（EPDM）大分子间Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应的影响。结果表明,加入适量的无水AlCl3可以引发PS、EPDM间的Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应,生成的EPDM-g-PS接枝...     

The effect of compatibilizers on the morphology of isotactic polypropylene/linear low-density polyethylene blends

The morphology of isotactic polypropylene (iPP)/linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) blends, compatibilized with ethylene-propylene block copolymer (EP) and two types of styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene triblock copolymer (SEBS), one containing maleic anhydride, the other no reactive sites, has been investigated by using small-angle X-ray scattering by evaluating their interface distribution functions. To characterize the crystallization behaviour of the blends, their spherulitic growth rates have been measured under the polarizing microscope and nucleation and crystallization kinetics data have been evaluated. The addition of LLDPE to iPP alone has a pronounced effect on the lamellar morphology of the iPP. Adding compatibilizer to the iPP/LLDPE blend leads to a further decrease of the lamellar thickness. Concurrently the nucleation density increases while the Avrami exponent drops from n2.3 for iPP to n=0.74 for the iPP/LLDPE/SEBS blend. It is concluded that the compatibilizer causes the polyethylene component to become more highly dispersed in the polypropylene matrix.     

Morphology,interfacial and mechanical properties of polylactide/poly(ethylene terephthalate glycol) blends compatibilized by polylactide-g-maleic anhydride

Polylactide/poly(ethylene terephthalate glycol) (PLA/PETG 80/20 wt) blends compatibilized with polylactide-g-maleic anhydride (PLA-g-MAH) were prepared by melt blending and the rheological, morphological and mechanical properties of the blends were studied. PLA/PETG (80/20 wt) blend formed a typical sea-island morphology, while upon compatibilization, the size and size distribution of the dispersed phase decreased significantly and the 3 wt% PLA-g-MAH compatibilized blend exhibited the smallest phase size and the narrowest distribution of the dispersed particles. The interfacial tension between PLA and PETG was determined from the morphological characteristics and the viscoelastic response of PLA/PETG blends via using two emulsion models. A minimum for PLA/PETG blend containing 3 wt% PLA-g-MAH was observed from both Palierne model and G–M model. The elongation-at-break increased by ∼320%, from 6.9% for PLA to 28.7% for the blend containing 3 wt% PLA-g-MAH without significant loss in the tensile modulus and tensile strength.     

Producing toughened PP/HA-LLDPE ternary bio-composite using a two-step blending method

The mechanical and morphological properties of polypropylene/hydroxyapatite/linear low density polyethylene ternary bio-composites which were produced by blending of polypropylene (PP), hydroxyapatite, modified and unmodified linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) were studied. In this research, effects of LLDPE weight percent, modification of PP/LLDPE interface by a high crystallizable high density polyethylene, and the method of blending on tensile strength, Young’s modulus and impact absorbed energy of composites were investigated. Results of mechanical tests showed that by adding LLDPE to these composites, ultimate tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the composites dropped slightly, while their impact strength was increased significantly. Mechanical properties of composites were improved by modification of PP/LLDPE interface and changing from one-step blending to two-step blending. However, for the composites produced by two-step blending, by adding modified LLDPE (15 wt.%), the impact strength was 90% more than that of pure PP/HA composites. Fractography of the surface fractures of the impact samples for both types of composites were performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Two different toughening mechanisms of these composites were distinguished by drawing a schematic sketch of the mechanisms.     

Effect of grafting cellulose acetate and methylmethacrylate as compatibilizer onto NBR/SBR blends

Compatibilizer is used for improving of processability, interfacial interaction and mechanical properties of polymer blends. In this study acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) blends were compatibilized by a graft copolymer of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) grafted with cellulose acetate (CA) i.e. (NBR-g-CA) and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) grafted with methylmethacrylate i.e. (NBR-g-MMA). Compatibilizers were prepared by gamma radiation induced grafting of NBR with cellulose acetate (CA) and methylmethacrylate (MMA) were added with different ratios to NBR/SBR (50/50) blend. The compatibilized blends were evaluated by rheometric characteristics, physico-mechanical properties, swelling behavior, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermal analysis. The results showed that, the blends with graft copolymer effect greatly on the rheological characteristics [optimum cure time (Tc₉₀), scorch time (Ts₂), and the cure rate index (CRI)]. The physico-mechanical properties of the investigated blends were enhanced by the incorporation of these graft copolymers, while the resistance to swelling in toluene became higher. SEM photographs confirm that, these compatibilizers improve the interfacial adhesion between NBR/SBR (50/50) blend which induce compatibilization in the immiscible blends. The efficiency of the compatibilizer was also evaluated by studying the thermogravimetric analysis.     

Toughening effect of maleic anhydride grafted linear low density polyethylene on linear low density polyethylene

The blend of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and maleic-anhydride grafted LLDPE with the grafting degree of 1.3% and the gel content of 27.0% (designated as LLDPE/MA-PE) was melt-compounded. Their thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties were studied. The crystallization temperature and crystallization rate of LLDPE/MA-PE blends increase due to the nucleation of MA-PE, their crystallinity is between those of LLDPE and MA-PE due to the balance between the nucleation of MA-PE and simultaneously produced more defects. The addition of MA-PE increases the apparent viscosity of blend melts, but the shear-sensitivity of blends provides them with melting processing. Interestingly, the lamellar crystallites induced by MA-PE decrease the tensile yielding strength of LLDPE/MA-PE blends. During the impact fracture, the formation of oriented crystalline lamellae parallel to the crack front and perpendicular to the crack flank, leads to the deformation and microstriations in LLDPE/MA-PE blends. Subsequently, toughness of LLDPE/MA-PE blends is improved.     

Spectrum analysis of the reduction degree of two-step reduced graphene oxide (GO) and the polymer/r-GO composites

In this paper, the reduction degree of graphene oxide (GO) reduced using chemical reduction and thermal reduction methods was characterized by spectrum analysis. The optimized conditions of reducing GO were determined that the hydrazine hydrate is the best reducing agent and the appropriate thermal reduction temperature is at 240 °C. The obtained GO solution was mixed with polystyrene (PS) solution to prepare PS/r-GO composites by using two-step reduction technique under the optimized conditions. The structure and micro-morphology of GO, r-GO and PS/r-GO composites were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) respectively. It is also observed that the two-step reduction pathway is more effective than one-step reduction for improving the reduction degree of GO. Accordingly, the electric conductivity of PS/r-GO composites prepared by two-step reduction technique is as high as 21.45 S m⁻¹, which is much higher than that of composites fabricated by one-step reduction method. The spectrum techniques will highlight new opportunities for investigating the reduction degree of GO in polymer composites.     

Use of rice husks as potential filler in styrene butadiene rubber/linear low density polyethylene blends in the presence of maleic anhydride

In the present study, rice husks filled styrene butadiene rubber (SBR)/linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) 50/50 blends with a compatibilizer, maleic anhydride (MAH) were prepared using a brabender plasti-corder. Virgin SBR/LLDPE blend was also prepared. The physico-mechanical as well as dielectric properties were investigated. Increasing MAH concentrations in SBR/LLDPE blends resulted in an increase in the tensile strength, elongation at break and hardness. After a certain concentration (2.5 phr), a reduction in these properties was found. On the other hand an increase in the dielectric properties as well as in the mass swell in both toluene and oil with MAH was noticed. After certain concentration of rice husk filler (25 phr) an abrupt increase in permittivity ε′ and dielectric loss ε″ was obtained. These results are supported by the mechanical properties measurements. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicates that the presence of MAH increases the interfacial interaction between SBR/LLDPE blends on one hand and also rice husk filler and the blend on the other hand.