Temperature Performance of Different Pervious Pavements: Rainwater Harvesting for Energy Recovery Purposes

Pervious pavements offer a solution for rainwater runoff treatment in urban areas, combining storm-water management with water reuse purposes when the sub-bases become rainwater reservoirs. Furthermore, the thermal behaviour research into these systems has demonstrated their contribution to palliating the urban heat island effect in the hottest season and to delaying freezing during the coldest season. Recent investigations related to pervious pavements and their sub-bases have enabled the use of these structures combined with Ground Source Heat Pumps (GSHP) in addition to the other well-known applications. The aim of this field study is to investigate the temperature response observations of the water stored in the sub-bases of different pervious pavements under specific conditions, in order to evaluate the possibility of introducing GSHP technology. The base and sub-base temperatures of different types of pervious pavements were monitored during one year and the results obtained show the differences in pervious pavements temperature compared to air temperature over the period of study; and demonstrate that the sub-base is less affected by the air temperature than the base, due to the insulating capacity of pervious pavements. On the other hand, water samples were taken from the different pervious pavement sub-bases in order to assess the water quality deterioration due to the temperatures reached in the sub-base, focused on investigating the presence of Legionella in this particular aquatic environment.     

北方寒冷缺水地区河流的治理

以霸王河为实例,阐明了北方寒冷及缺水地区河流治理独特的规划设计思路。强调把水资源利用、抗冻设计及如何保证水质安全作为工程设计重点,提出了北方寒冷地区及缺水地区河流的治理思路。     

水盐运移方程对流项不同离散格式对比分析

采用有限体积方法求解了一维土壤水盐运移方程,分别将不同的对流项离散格式应用到一维土壤水盐数值模型的求解中。通过对数值计算结果与实测数据进行对比分析,认为在较大的空间、时间步长条件下,QUICK格式有效地减缓了数值振荡和数值扩散的现象。     

陕北黄土区不同土地利用方式的土壤肥力研究

影响土壤肥力的因素很多,现重点探讨不同的土地利用方式对黄土土壤肥力的影响.通过测试样品的化学组分,选择模糊综合评价方法计算陕北黄土地区的不同土地利用类型的土壤肥力值(IFI).IFI计算结果显示,不同利用方式下的IFI值排序为:林地>好梯荒地>好坡荒地>果林地>梯耕地>淤积坝>坡耕地>差梯荒地>差坡荒地.鉴于该结果,现对不同类型的土地土壤肥力状况进行了简单分析,为当地的土地利用规划提供建议.     

做好穿黄北区财务管理工作初探

介绍了穿黄北区基建财务管理的一些做法，指出了其中存在的主要问题，并对基建财务管理工作的要点进行了探讨。     

Aquifers Overexploitation in SE Spain: A Proposal for the Integrated Analysis of Water Management

Integrated water resources management is a paradigm that incorporates technical, scientific, political, legislative and organizational aspects of a water system. This study presents a methodology for undertaking an integrated analysis of water systems supplied by groundwater. This methodology is here applied to examine the water system of the Altiplano region in Murcia, where the water extraction from the aquifers greatly exceeds recharge and the irrigated areas supplied by those aquifers have a very high agrarian profitability. First, the hydrological problematic of the case study was conceptualized. Then, a sectorial study on each aspect related to the water management of the system was developed. As Bayesian Networks was the chosen technique for the integrated analysis, the information obtained by the sectorial studies was translated into specific variables, which together with the relations among them, modelled the real situation. As from a hydrogeological point of view the water system is comprised of four autonomous aquifers, a Bayesian Network for every aquifer was designed. This decision-support system enables us to evaluate the impacts generated under diverse water management scenarios.     

某蓄滞洪区工程管理措施

蓄滞洪区作为防洪工程体系的重要组成部分,为防御超标准洪水,保护广大人民群众生命财产安全发挥了重要作用。蓄滞洪区的行蓄洪启用频率和蓄水方式决定着洪水管理与可持续发展途径,影响流域经济社会的可持续发展。蓄滞洪区是流域防洪体系的重要组成部分,随着上中游控制性水库的建设,一方面拦蓄洪水能力增强,另一方面水库拦沙作用导致中游江湖冲淤和蓄泄能力发生变化。此外,国家生态文明建设及地区经济社会发展,给蓄滞洪区建设管理提出了新的要求。文章对蓄滞洪区涉及的工程管理机构、工程管理体制、工程管理办法、工程运行管理内容等内容进行了全面的阐述,以期为工程管理单位提供参考。     

Development of a Management Model for a Surface Waterlogged and Drainage Congested Area

Inadequate drainage outlet causing surface waterlogging every year mainly during monsoon period (June through October) over a depressed land of 1062 km² in Mokama group of tals, India, led to a loss of one crop rotation. A management model aiming at minimization of the waterlogged area under constraints of control monsoon runoffs from tributaries discharge water to the depressed land has been developed. Magnitudes of regulated flows are guided by irrigation water requirement of crops grown in commands of different tributaries joined to the depressed land. A nonlinear optimization model has been envisaged and solved setting a total of 160 constraints satisfying conditions of water requirement for crops grown in two seasons and their time-dependent storage requirement. The optimization model has been solved using the Quantitative Systems for Business (QSB) software, which considers a line search methodology for unconstrained problems, and a sequential unconstrained minimization technique (SUMT) with penalty function methodology for constrained problems. The management model provides a solution for strategic water resources development and management in a basin having problems of scarcity, surplus and non-uniform distribution of surface water.     

花都北部山区水库群可利用水量分析研究

针对花都北部山区水库群的特点,在满足水库群自身的防洪、供水、灌溉等任务的前提下,充分利用水库群的兴利库容,采用长系列径流调节计算方法,通过列表试算求解得设计保证率下水库群的可利用水量.与传统的典型年计算方法相比,长系列径流调节计算方法理论合理,操作性强,成果更为可靠.     

半干旱区不同草地治理措施效果研究

以宁夏盐池县3种不同草地治理措施(封育、自由放牧和退耕还林)为研究对象,通过对比分析不同草地之间植物组成、土壤紧实度、植被特征值以及物种多样性,得出以下结论:①在不同草场治理措施下,草本植物均占绝大多数,灌木型植物较少,群落结构的不同主要来自草本植物;封育草地优势物种为黑沙蒿、赖草和刺沙蓬,但是优势地位不明显;自由放牧草地和退耕还林草地优势物种分别为猪毛蒿和苦豆子,优势地位明显。②相对于自由放牧和退耕还林两种治理措施,封育是一种更为有效的草地恢复措施。③土壤紧实度与植被生物量、平均高度在0.01水平上显著相关,与盖度和密度在0.05水平上显著相关;生物量与平均密度在0.01水平上显著相关,相关系数为0.744,说明生物量与植物平均高度有着密切关系;植被盖度和密度在0.01水平上显著相关,与平均高度在0.05水平上显著相关。     

穿黄北区工程质量管理分析

穿黄工程是南水北调东线工程的控制性项目。从质量目标、管理体系、管理措施、管理成效等方面,阐述了穿黄北区工程的质量管理工作。     

Problems of Sustainable Groundwater Management in an Area of Over-exploitation: The Upper Guadiana Catchment,Central Spain

The problem of achieving sustainable groundwater management in areas of over-exploitation is examined by using the upper Guadiana basin in central Spain as an example. Here, since the early 1970s, high rates of abstraction to provide water for irrigation have lowered the water table by up to 50 m, causing the main rivers to run dry and an internationally renowned wetland to become desiccated. Conflict between farmers, regulators and conservationists has created a difficult problem that legal action, subsidies and engineering solutions have so far failed to combat. Faced with conflicting demands, it is suggested that integrated catchment management provides the best way forward. The various issues that need to be addressed with this type of management system are outlined.     

强透水地基上土石坝非饱和渗流数值分析

基于工程实际,采用非饱和渗流分析方法,探讨了强透水地基上土石坝下游排渗系统对渗流场的影响。结果表明:集水廊道和辐射井能有效降低浸润线,排渗效果好,但地基渗透坡降增大;单独修建集水廊道可减小下游浸没面积,但无法完全预防浸没现象,辐射井和集水廊道联合作用能有效收集水库渗水,下游地面不会出现浸没现象;坝基是主要的渗漏通道,集水廊道和辐射井的修建并没有使坝体渗漏情况有显著变化;辐射井在收集渗水的同时需要合理控制井内水深,防止辐射井将下游原有地下水排走,造成地下水向上游倒流;采用非饱和渗流模型同时反映了饱和区与非饱和区渗流情况,较为符合工程的实际情况。     

穿黄北区工程建设项目财务管理分析

南水北调东线穿黄工程是海委在新型的政府投资建设项目管理方式代建制下承揽的第一个工程。结合穿黄北区工程建设管理局财务管理实际情况,简述了做好财务管理工作的途径和方法。     

穿黄北区工程档案资料管理工作探析

南水北调东线穿黄北区工程自开工以来形成了各种各样的文档材料,包括建设前期文件、施工过程中的建管、施工、监理等资料,工程竣工时还将形成规范的验收资料,这些文档材料将全面反映工程建设的详细情况,对工程质量评定、竣工验收以及工程的运行和维护都会具有重要的利用价值。就委托建设管理模式下南水北调东线穿黄北区工程档案管理现状、重要性、存在的问题与解决对策作了论述。     

浅谈大岗山桃坝隧道紧急停车带混凝土浇筑方案优化

通过桃坝隧道紧急停车带方案比选及紧急停车带混凝土浇筑实例,阐述了钢脚手架竹胶模板在紧急停车带施工中的可行性和实用性。     

三峡库区主要城市生态基础设施品质对比研究

以大气系统、绿地系统和水文系统为依据,构建评价指标体系,采用层次分析法和综合指数法建立评价模型,并对三峡库区 4 个主要城市,重庆主城、宜昌、涪陵、万州的生态基础设施进行了研究。结果表明,宜昌、涪陵属于较好等级,万州、重庆主城属于一般等级, 4 个城市的生态基础设施质量状况排序为宜昌、涪陵、万州、重庆主城。通过评价分析,了解了三峡库区 4 个主要城市的生态基础设施质量状况,为三峡库区城市的规划建设提供了科学依据。     

宁夏银北非饱和盐渍土水分特征曲线拟合研究

利用压力膜仪对宁夏银北地区盐渍土进行土壤水分特征曲线试验参数测定,为了降低对数值计算的影响,采用线性回归的方法对Van-Genuchten模型中的拟合参数α、n的初值进行了估算,经过对比后认为Van-Genuchten模型和Gardner-Williams模型均适用于拟合宁夏银北地区盐渍土的土壤水分特征曲线,但在提高数值精度方面Van-Genuchten模型优势明显。     

Turbidity Prediction in a River Basin by Using Artificial Neural Networks: A Case Study in Northern Spain

Chemical and physical-chemical parameters define water quality and are involved in water body type and habitat determination. They support a biological community of a certain ecological status. Water quality controls involve a large number of measurements of variables and observations according to the European Water Framework Directive (Directive 2000/60/EC). In some cases, such as areas with especially critical uses or points in which potential pollution episodes are expected, the automatic monitoring is recommended. However, the chemical and physical-chemical measurements are costly and time consuming. Turbidity is shown as a key variable for the water quality control and it is also an integrative parameter. For this reason, the aim of this work is focused on this main parameter through the study of the influence of several water quality parameters on it. The artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been used in a wide range of biological problems with promising results. Bearing this in mind, turbidity values have been predicted here by using artificial neural networks (ANNs) from the remaining measured water quality parameters with success taking into account the synergistic interactions between the input variables in the Nalón river basin (Northern Spain). Finally, the main conclusions of this study are exposed.