Circulating IgG-containing immune complexes in malignant growth

The data from literature on detection and characteristics of circulating immune complexes in malignancy are analyzed. Special attention is paid to determination of immune complex components which contain tumour-associated antigens and anti-tumour antibodies. Prospects of application of the identified components of immune complexes in immune diagnostics and immune therapy of malignancy are discussed.     

Immunomodulators and hemopoietic system in malignant growth

The data on the effect of immunomodulators (IM) of the biologic origin on hematopoietic responses are reviewed. Up-to-date classification of immunomodulators is given. The correlation between the proliferative stem cell response induced by certain immunomodulators, accidental thymus involution, suppressor T cell activity enhancement and the development of transient anemia are analyzed from the standpoint of its possible significance. A conclusion is drawn on the necessity to develop systemic criteria which permit evaluating shifts induced by immunomodulators in the hematopoietic system.     

The role of eicosanoids in malignant growth processes

The role of polyunsaturated metabolites of fatty acids in carcinogenesis is discussed. The analysis of modern data demonstrates significant changes in biosynthesis and metabolism of prostaglandins in man and animals with different malignant tumours. It is shown that eicosanoids are involved in initiation and promotion of experimental tumours, suppression of antitumour immunity, proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis of malignant cells.     

Markers of malignant transformation in mouse cell lines

The expression of three phenotypic markers of transformation in vitro, i.e. serum dependence, contact inhibition and anchorage dependence of growth has been investigated using the lines of mouse cells obtained from spontaneously in vitro transformed embryonal fibroblasts (three stages of a continuous passage in vitro being considered) and from induced tumours. The results obtained indicate that in the cell lines arising spontaneously in the continuous passage in vitro the origin of the transformation features can be observed. Anchorage independence demonstrates not high (r = 0.69) but much better correlation with tumourigenicity than other studied markers.     

Role of the neutrophils in the pathogenesis of malignant growth

The role of neutrophils in pathogenesis of malignant tumours is reviewed. The neutrophils are estimated as a part of a united structure-and-functional system realizing the antiblastic defence of the organism. Three main problems are considered: the role of neutrophils in the formation of antitumour resistance of the organism, neutrophil changes during malignant growth, and some mechanisms of the tumour influence on neutrophils.     

小细胞恶性间皮瘤的超微结构观察

应用电镜观察小细胞恶性间皮瘤的超微结构特点,对5例福尔马林固定后、经光镜及免疫组化检查过的胸膜及腹膜肿瘤标本进行常规电镜标本制备及电镜观察。超微观察显示肿瘤细胞呈小圆形及小梭形。5例均见腺腔样结构、细长微绒毛、紧密连接及发育良好的桥粒。较长的微绒毛长度与直径之比为13：1。见不连续基板（2例）、胞质内张力丝（2例）及微丝（4例）,2例同时见核旁分布的球形微丝小体。结论：细长微绒毛是包括低分化小细胞恶性问皮瘤在内的恶性间皮瘤的特征性超微结构。电镜观察对确定小细胞恶性问皮瘤的病理诊断及鉴别诊断有帮助。     

Automated mitosis detection of stem cell populations in phase-contrast microscopy images

Due to the enormous potential and impact that stem cells may have on regenerative medicine, there has been a rapidly growing interest for tools to analyze and characterize the behaviors of these cells in vitro in an automated and high throughput fashion. Among these behaviors, mitosis, or cell division, is important since stem cells proliferate and renew themselves through mitosis. However, current automated systems for measuring cell proliferation often require destructive or sacrificial methods of cell manipulation such as cell lysis or in vitro staining. In this paper, we propose an effective approach for automated mitosis detection using phase-contrast time-lapse microscopy, which is a nondestructive imaging modality, thereby allowing continuous monitoring of cells in culture. In our approach, we present a probabilistic model for event detection, which can simultaneously 1) identify spatio-temporal patch sequences that contain a mitotic event and 2) localize a birth event, defined as the time and location at which cell division is completed and two daughter cells are born. Our approach significantly outperforms previous approaches in terms of both detection accuracy and computational efficiency, when applied to multipotent C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal and C2C12 myoblastic stem cell populations.     

Various aspects of the biological role of polyamines in normal and malignant growth

The data on location of polyamines (spermine, spermidine, putrescine) in cells of different tissues and organs, intracellular polyamines distribution and the factors controlling polyamine metabolism are reviewed. Certain aspects of a regulatory role of polyamines in nucleic acid and protein synthesis and of changes in the activity of the enzymes participating in the synthesis and degradation of polyamines in the neoplastic growth are dealth with. The data available in literature and the results of the authors own investigations concerning the use of the polyamine test for diagnosis and evaluation of malignant tumours treatment efficiency are presented.     

Antiproliferative activity of difluoromethylornithine and the factors decreasing its effectiveness in malignant growth

The inhibitory effect of difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) synthesized by the authors on the activity of the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and proliferation of microbial and mammalian cells in vitro was studied. The in vivo growth of ascite plasmocytoma of solid melanoma B-16 cells in mice was also effectively inhibited by DFMO. But the antiproliferative activity of DFMO in solid tumours was substantially lower. Such a decrease in the antitumour activity may be associated with polyamines released from necrotic areas of solid tumours. As the tumour cells "catch" the vitally important metabolites, their effect inside solid tumours is turned against the tumour cells themselves. The second reason of the decrease in the DFMO activity is adsorption of polyamines on the erythrocyte surface.     

The Effect of Choosing the Switches for Rearrangements in Switching Networks

Known rearrangement algorithms proposed by Slepian and Paull (method 1) involve two middle switches of the three-stage Clos network. These switches are chosen arbitrarily. However, the middle switches selection rules affect the rearrangement process. In this paper four methods for choosing the switches were studied. Simulation results and analysis have shown that the allocation of the least used switches can decrease the volume of computation required for rearrangements. In the case of limited rearrangement, this method improves the blocking performance of a network.     

Computational framework for simulating fluorescence microscope images with cell populations

Fluorescence microscopy combined with digital imaging constructs a basic platform for numerous biomedical studies in the field of cellular imaging. As the studies relying on analysis of digital images have become popular, the validation of image processing methods used in automated image cytometry has become an important topic. Especially, the need for efficient validation has arisen from emerging high-throughput microscopy systems where manual validation is impractical. We present a simulation platform for generating synthetic images of fluorescence-stained cell populations with realistic properties. Moreover, we show that the synthetic images enable the validation of analysis methods for automated image cytometry and comparison of their performance. Finally, we suggest additional usage scenarios for the simulator. The presented simulation framework, with several user-controllable parameters, forms a versatile tool for many kinds of validation tasks, and is freely available at http://www.cs.tut.fi/sgn/csb/simcep.     

Effect of interleukin-2 on the growth of malignant soft tissue tumor explants in diffusion chambers

Interleukin-2 is studied for its effect on proliferation of cultured tumour cells in vivo and on the nature of infiltration of malignant tumours explants of human soft tissues. On the basis of spheroid formation phenomenon and a number of morphological criteria three main types of reaction differing in inhibition or stimulation of the tumour growth, time of formation and the number of spheroids formed, manifestation of lymphocytic infiltration and nature of lymphocytes location on the filter have been distinguished.     

In vitro models for research on cell differentiation and malignant degeneration in the human prostate

The methods are reviewed for obtaining monolayer epithelium cultures both in normal and hyperplastic or malignant prostate glands. Preparation of pure epithelial tissue cultures is dealt with in detail. The major prostate cell lines are described. Special attention is paid to the markers of differentiation and sensitivity to hormones in normal and tumour prostatic cells in vitro. Prospects for the use of prostatic cell cultures as models in oncology are outlined.     

美罗华治疗B细胞非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤4例临床观察

目的:观察美罗华联合CHOP治疗非霍杰金氏淋巴瘤的临床疗效和毒副作用。方法:选择4例非霍杰金氏淋巴瘤第一天给予美罗华375mg/m2,第二天给予CHOP方案化疗。结果:1例完全缓解,3例得到部分缓解。结论:美罗华联合其它化疗药物治疗B细胞淋巴瘤疗效好,患者耐受好。     

Multi-scale engineering for neuronal cell growth and differentiation

In this paper we investigate the role of micropatterning and molecular coating for cell culture and differentiation of neuronal cells (Neuro2a cell line) on a polydimethylsiloxane substrate. We investigate arrays of micrometric grooves (line and space) capable to guide neurite along their axis. We demonstrate that pattern dimensions play a major role due to the deformation of the cell occasioned by grooves narrower than typical cell dimension. A technological compromise for optimizing cell density, differentiation rate and neurite alignment has been obtained for 20 μm wide grooves which is a dimension comparable with the average cell dimension. This topographical engineered pattern combined with double-wall carbon nanotubes coating enabled us to obtain adherent cell densities in the order of 10⁴ cells/cm² and a differentiation rate close to 100%.     

A semi-Markov model for mitosis segmentation in time-lapse phase contrast microscopy image sequences of stem cell populations

We propose a semi-Markov model trained in a max-margin learning framework for mitosis event segmentation in large-scale time-lapse phase contrast microscopy image sequences of stem cell populations. Our method consists of three steps. First, we apply a constrained optimization based microscopy image segmentation method that exploits phase contrast optics to extract candidate subsequences in the input image sequence that contains mitosis events. Then, we apply a max-margin hidden conditional random field (MM-HCRF) classifier learned from human-annotated mitotic and nonmitotic sequences to classify each candidate subsequence as a mitosis or not. Finally, a max-margin semi-Markov model (MM-SMM) trained on manually-segmented mitotic sequences is utilized to reinforce the mitosis classification results, and to further segment each mitosis into four predefined temporal stages. The proposed method outperforms the event-detection CRF model recently reported by Huh as well as several other competing methods in very challenging image sequences of multipolar-shaped C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells. For mitosis detection, an overall precision of 95.8% and a recall of 88.1% were achieved. For mitosis segmentation, the mean and standard deviation for the localization errors of the start and end points of all mitosis stages were well below 1 and 2 frames, respectively. In particular, an overall temporal location error of 0.73 ± 1.29 frames was achieved for locating daughter cell birth events.     

5-ALA光动力疗法对人结肠腺癌SW480细胞的抑制作用

结直肠癌是当前最常见的消化道恶性肿瘤之一,但目前治疗手段单一,迫切需要寻找新的解决途径。第二代光敏剂ALA是一种内源性光敏剂,我们应用ALA—PDT对人结肠癌细胞SW480进行了体外实验性治疗研究。实验表明：ALA孵育的SW480细胞可产生PpⅨ,ALA-PDT可于PDT后早期明显抑制SW480细胞的生长增殖,降低细胞存活率,本实验结果显示ALA—PDT作为一种新型肿瘤疗法具有治疗结肠癌的可行性。     

Impedance monitoring of cell adhesion and growth on mesoporous membrane

We present a microdevice configuration for impedance monitoring of adherent cells cultured on the surface of mesoporous membranes. The device fabrication was based on a 3 layer PDMS process which allows easy integration of microelectrodes in close proximity to cultured cells. The measurements were performed with HeLa cells on 30 nm diameter membranes of polycarbonate and embedded Pt and Ag/AgCl electrodes. As expected, the impedance of the cell-membrane assembly changes rapidly during the first 30 min due to cell adhesion and it continuously increases until cell confluence at day 5. This membrane based device configuration should be useful for accurate and real-time monitoring in cell adhesion, growth and migration studies.     

低强度中频超声对白血病细胞株k562杀伤作用的初步研究

目的：研究低强度中频超声对白血病细胞株K562的杀伤作用。方法：取对数生长期的K562细胞,分成实验组和假辐照组,用MTT法和台盼兰染色计算细胞抑制率。结果：低强度中频超声照射各组间细胞抑制率与对照组相比有统计学差异,且组间存在统计学差异。结论：单纯低强度中频超声对白血病细胞株K562有较强的杀伤作用,且其杀伤效应与照射强度和时间明显相关。