Secretion of type-E prostaglandin by tumor cells of different degrees of malignancy when in contact with effectors of natural resistance

It was demonstrated that short-term contact of highly malignant tumour cells with NK-cells, neutrophils and macrophages induced rapid PGE secretion into the culture medium. PGE is detected in the culture fluids by the biological test based on inhibition of cytotoxic activity of NK-cells in standard cytotoxic tests. In the direct radioimmunoassay no PGE release was detected when low malignant tumour cells contact with effector cells of natural resistance system as well as after malignant tumour cell pretreatment with indomethacin. There was no increase in PGE secretion by the malignant tumour cells after their in vitro contact with red cells, normal hamster embryo cells and tumour cells of different origin.     

The content of tumor angiogenesis factor in the blood serum of C57Bl/6 mice during the growth and metastasis of transplanted tumors

The tumour growth and metastasis development after the primary tumour removal is accompanied by the appearance of the tumour angiogenesis factor (TAF) in blood. The TAF level directly correlates with the volume of tumour cell masses. These results confirm the present notions about the close correlation of the tumour growth and neovascularization and may be used to control the activity of neovascularization and malignant growth.     

Several peculiarities of hexokinase of malignant and benign tumors in man

The total activity and isoenzyme spectrum of hexokinase (HK) were investigated in normal tissues as well as malignant and benign tumours of man. Electrophoresis in agar gel has revealed that the normal tissues are usually characterized by HK-I. In malignant tumours HK-II and additional anode fractions of KH-II and HK-III were observed. The HK isoenzyme spectrum in the benign tumours was similar to those of homologous normal tissues. The values of the HK-II/HK-I ratio were higher in the malignant tumours as compared with the benign tumours and normal tissues. These results may be used for diagnosis. Changes in the isoenzyme spectrum do not depend on histological structure of tumours, are secondary and depend on tumour progression.     

Present-day goals and aims of the study of DNA levels in tumor cells

Aims and tasks of the investigation of the DNA contents in tumour cells are discussed. It is supposed that DNA aneuploidia is a specific sign of malignant cells. Such supposition permits solving the problem of quantitative identification of malignant cells in the complex cell populations and determination of their quantity. Certain conditions necessary for solving this problem are considered.     

Oxygen metabolic characteristics in the tumor process

The data available in literature and results of the authors, own investigations on the oxygen metabolism during the appearance and development of the tumour process are presented. The important role of biological oxidation disorders in cell malignancy is discussed. The appearance and development of malignant tumours occur against a background of tissues hypoxia. Severe hypoxia and anoxia are observed constantly in the tumour tissue. Some mechanisms of hypoxia development and cell respiration reduction in malignant tumours are considered. Necessity of methods and drugs searching (antihypoxic agents and antioxidants) for correction of oxygen homeostasis disturbances and increase of antitumour resistance of the organism is substantiated.     

Oncogerminal hypothesis of tumor growth

An original hypothesis of the tumour growth is suggested proceeding from the biological law of development. It follows from this hypothesis that during the malignant processes occurs the partial derepression of the germinative cell genome which determines its phenotypical property (potential immortality realized in the cell life cycle). It is supposed that potential immortality, a phenotypic property of the malignant cell, is also realized in the cell life cycle.     

Modification of 3-methylcholanthrene-induced blastomogenesis in BALB/c mice by using the subcellular components of Bac. megaterium H

It is shown that the cytoplasm of Bac. megaterium H possessing the antigenic affinity with the malignant tumour cells, being injected 7 days before the 3-methylcholanthrene injection promotes intensification of its blastomogenic effect, reduces both the period of tumour appearance and longevity of the tumour-bearing animals. On the contrary the cell wall preparation under the similar conditions, produces a therapeutic effect. An assumption is advanced that the effect of these preparations is associated with their different influence on the immune system.     

Effect of ceruloplasmin on the growth of experimental tumors and proliferative activity of cells

Exogenous ceruloplasmin influence on experimental tumour growth and intensity of normal and malignant cell proliferation in tissue culture was investigated. It was found that ceruloplasmin administration to animals with transplanted tumours caused a 25-50% inhibition of tumour growth. A growth inhibiting activity of ceruloplasmin observed in tissue culture at the concentration of 5 mg/ml was established. It is also shown that ceruloplasmin did not reduce the antitumour effect of cyclophosphamide.     

The role of membranes in the mechanisms of the anti-carcinogenic effect of retinoids

The role of cell membrane structures in the mechanism of anticarcinogenic and antiblastic action of retinoids was reviewed on the basis of the authors' results and data from literature. The retinoid action induced a delay and prevention of malignant neoplasms development, which is shown by various experimental models of carcinogenesis and tumour growth. The regulatory effect of retinoids on the membrane-bound enzymic processes was analyzed as very important in the clarification of the retinoid action mechanisms not only as antipromotor agents, but also as those influencing immediately the initiation stage of the tumour process. Improvement of the A-vitamin status of the organism is an important step in realization of the prophylactic programme of the tumor growth.     

In vitro models for research on cell differentiation and malignant degeneration in the human prostate

The methods are reviewed for obtaining monolayer epithelium cultures both in normal and hyperplastic or malignant prostate glands. Preparation of pure epithelial tissue cultures is dealt with in detail. The major prostate cell lines are described. Special attention is paid to the markers of differentiation and sensitivity to hormones in normal and tumour prostatic cells in vitro. Prospects for the use of prostatic cell cultures as models in oncology are outlined.     

Use of low-energy laser radiation in experimental and clinical oncology

Experimental data concerning the action of low-energy (nondamaging) laser radiation on the malignant cells in vitro and on animal tumours are reviewed. It is shown that under certain conditions the helium-neon and helium-cadmium laser radiation inhibits the tumour cell growth. This inhibition may be mediated by the activation of the organism protection mechanisms. The encouraging results of the application of the low-energy laser radiation in the complex treatment of oncological patients are presented.     

Assessment of the parameters of the growth kinetics of an experimental tumor

A model of the Markov stochastic reproduction and death process is studied as applied to the analysis of time intervals necessary for the experimental tumours to achieve the fixed size. The analysis results have shown nonstationarity of the tumour growth processes during early stages of the tumour development. The presence of such a nonstationarity makes the experimental data interpretation difficult when applying the traditional approach to the tumour cell population kinetics.     

Effects of recombinant interleukin-2 on several characteristics of functional activity of lymphocytes from the lymph nodes regional to tumor and mononuclear cells of peripheral blood in cancer patients

The level of endogenous production of IL-2 by lymphocytes of lymph nodes regional to tumour and by mononuclear cells of peripheral blood, proliferative response of these cell to recombinant IL-2, as well as a modifying influence of autologous serum and actively proliferating bioptats of autologous tumours on enumerated parameters have been studied in cancer patients (tumours of the head and neck and locomotor system). Regional IL-2-dependent immunotherapy of malignant tumors with obligatory preliminary testing for individual sensitivity of the tumor bioptat to the influence of the RIL-2 and RIL-2 activated lymphocytes is shown to be promising.     

Role of the neutrophils in the pathogenesis of malignant growth

The role of neutrophils in pathogenesis of malignant tumours is reviewed. The neutrophils are estimated as a part of a united structure-and-functional system realizing the antiblastic defence of the organism. Three main problems are considered: the role of neutrophils in the formation of antitumour resistance of the organism, neutrophil changes during malignant growth, and some mechanisms of the tumour influence on neutrophils.     

Cellular elements of the blood in the realization of tumor and host interrelations

The role of blood cells leukocytes and erythrocytes in realizing the tumour and host interrelation is analyzed. Using new approaches to evaluation of the morphological and functional state of these cells (haloformation and echinocytosis indices) the data on ambiguous role of neutrophilic granulocytes and on peculiarities of changes in the surface architectonics of erythrocytes in the malignant process have been obtained. Changes in their state are emphasized as very important for realizing tumour and host interrelations.     

Nuclei Segmentation Using Marker-Controlled Watershed, Tracking Using Mean-Shift, and Kalman Filter in Time-Lapse Microscopy

It is important to observe and study cancer cells' cycle progression in order to better understand drug effects on cancer cells. Time-lapse microscopy imaging serves as an important method to measure the cycle progression of individual cells in a large population. Since manual analysis is unreasonably time consuming for the large volumes of time-lapse image data, automated image analysis is proposed. Existing approaches dealing with time-lapse image data are rather limited and often give inaccurate analysis results, especially in segmenting and tracking individual cells in a cell population. In this paper, we present a new approach to segment and track cell nuclei in time-lapse fluorescence image sequence. First, we propose a novel marker-controlled watershed based on mathematical morphology, which can effectively segment clustered cells with less oversegmentation. To further segment undersegmented cells or to merge oversegmented cells, context information among neighboring frames is employed, which is proved to be an effective strategy. Then, we design a tracking method based on modified mean shift algorithm, in which several kernels with adaptive scale, shape, and direction are designed. Finally, we combine mean-shift and Kalman filter to achieve a more robust cell nuclei tracking method than existing ones. Experimental results show that our method can obtain 98.8% segmentation accuracy, 97.4% cell division tracking accuracy, and 97.6% cell tracking accuracy     

Malignant lymphoma in rabbits induced by the administration of herpes virus-containing material from brown macaques

Oncogenicity for rabbits of lymphotropic herpesvirus of M. arctoides (HVMA) isolated by us earlier from lymphoid cells of lines MAL-1-3 has been shown in the course of studies. Inoculation of animals both with HVMA-containing cells and cell-free virus caused the development of generalized malignant lymphomas of prolymphocytic-lymphoblastic character leading the animals to death. The molecular hybridization method permitted revealing DNA sequences related to the DNAs of B-lymphotropic herpesviruses of primates in the cells of HVMA-containing cultures, primarily-induced tumours, and in a cell line established from rabbit tumour. This fact is indicative of etiological role of HVMA in the development of malignant lymphomas in rabbits. The question about the origin of the C type particles found in MAL-1-3 and OK-1 cells remains open.     

基于免疫算法优化的乳腺肿瘤图像识别

提出了一套结合特征筛选及参数设定的方法,使用支持向量机来辨别肿瘤良恶性,并利用人工免疫算法进行特征筛选及决定支持向量机的参数。针对由PHILIPS ATL HDI 3000超声波扫描仪获得的220幅图片的处理结果显示,在此所提出的方法能使乳房肿瘤的分类正确率达到95.71%,并大幅缩短支持向量机的训练时间。     

Effect of interleukin-2 on the growth of malignant soft tissue tumor explants in diffusion chambers

Interleukin-2 is studied for its effect on proliferation of cultured tumour cells in vivo and on the nature of infiltration of malignant tumours explants of human soft tissues. On the basis of spheroid formation phenomenon and a number of morphological criteria three main types of reaction differing in inhibition or stimulation of the tumour growth, time of formation and the number of spheroids formed, manifestation of lymphocytic infiltration and nature of lymphocytes location on the filter have been distinguished.     

Interaction of the plasma membranes of the cells of tumors metastastic to the lungs with the target organ

Cells of lines of mice transplantable tumours metastasizing into the lung have been used: lung adenocarcinoma (AL), Lewis lung carcinoma (LL), melanoma B-16 (B-16), mammary tumour MMT-1 (MMT-1), malignant subline of L-cells (LS). Hybrid vesicles were obtained for each tumour. They contain fragments of cell plasmatic membranes (PM). It has been shown that AL-, LL-, LS- and B-16-liposomes were accumulated in lung, the trapping of AL- and LL-liposomes being higher than that of the other hybrid vesicles. Despite the similar dynamics and frequency of metastatic spreading into the lung for all tumours studied, no trapping of MMT-1-vesicles in the target-organ was observed. The role of specific interaction of tumour cells PM with the endothelium of the lung capillaries in the process of organotropic metastatic spreading is discussed.