共查询到15条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
The paper focuses on operation of simple refrigeration cycles and considers the selection of controlled variables for two different cycles. One is a conventional sub-critical ammonia refrigeration cycle and the other is a trans-critical CO2 refrigeration cycle. There is no fundamental difference between the two cycles in terms of degrees of freedom and operation. However, in practical operation there are differences. For the ammonia cycle, there are several simple control structures that give self-optimizing control, that is, which achieve in practice close-to-optimal operation with a constant setpoint policy. For the CO2 cycle on the other hand, a combination of measurements is necessary to achieve self-optimizing control. 相似文献
2.
实验研究了操作参数(冷凝器进水温度、高温蒸发器进水温度和低温蒸发器进水温度)对双蒸发压缩/喷射制冷系统及两相喷射器性能的影响。结果显示,喷射器引射系数随冷凝器进水温度和高温蒸发器进水温度的升高而减小,随低温蒸发器进水温度的升高而增大;喷射器压升比随冷凝器进水温度和高温蒸发器进水温度的升高而增大,随低温蒸发器进水温度的升高而减小。冷凝器进水温度和高温蒸发器进水温度对制冷系统性能的影响较大,而低温蒸发器进水温度对制冷系统性能的影响较小。其中,冷凝器进水温度每降低5℃,制冷系统COP增加0.44;高温蒸发器进水温度每升高2℃,制冷系统COP增加0.16。结果可供双蒸发压缩/喷射制冷系统的设计和运行参考。 相似文献
3.
4.
以两级分凝自复叠制冷系统为研究对象,分析了三元混合工质空间和平面汽液平衡特性,对三元混合工质的组分变化规律及运行特性进行了理论研究。应用混合工质物性分析软件Refprop 8.0根据冷凝蒸发器冷量平衡特性讨论了混合工质组分比例,得到比较合理的配比组成65/20/15。通过5个平面压焓图的空间变化关系分析了自复叠制冷系统工质分离、混合和运行特性。根据实验研究,循环系统高低压旁通和相分离器出口气体旁通可有效改善压缩机启动初期系统压力和温度过高的问题。对系统各级节流降温过程进行了分析,并对压缩机的吸排气温度和蒸发温度进行了研究。 相似文献
5.
CO2跨临界双级压缩制冷循环的热力学分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Two-stage vapor compression refrigeration cycle was accomplished with an intercooler.The state of the refrigerant vapor leaving the intercooler affects the system performance.The thermodynamic analysis of the trans-critical two-stage refrigeration cycle using CO2 as the refrigerant was made with a condensing temperature of 35℃.When the intercooler operated at about the geometric mean of the evaporating and condensing pressures,compared with the single stage cycle,the coefficient of performance(COP)of the two-stage cycle was improved.As the degree of superheating of the CO2 vapor leaving the intercooler increased,the COP of the two-stage system decreased. 相似文献
6.
补气增焓制冷系统具有系统能效比高、运转费用低等优势,被广泛应用于现代飞机的环境控制系统中。为了指导系统的设计与控制,开发了机载补气增焓制冷系统的动态性能仿真模型,并开展了实验验证。通过将补气压缩机工作过程分解,建立了基于物理机理的补气压缩机显式计算模型;通过制冷剂相区划分,建立了蒸发器和冷凝器的移动边界模型;并开发了基于质量引导的系统动态求解算法。实验验证表明,模型能够准确反映系统压力和温度的动态变化趋势;在系统动态响应时间内,模型对于系统压力和温度的时均预测偏差分别为2.55%和-3.29℃。 相似文献
7.
This paper describes a procedure to find the best controlled variables in an economic sense for the activated sludge process in a wastewater treatment plant, despite the large load disturbances. A novel dynamic analysis of the closed loop control of these variables has been performed, considering a nonlinear model predictive controller (NMPC) and a particular distributed NMPC-PI control structure where the PI is devoted to control the process active constraints and the NMPC the self-optimizing variables. The well-known self-optimizing control methodology has been applied, considering the most important measurements of the process. This methodology provides the optimum combination of measurements to keep constant with minimum economic loss. In order to avoid nonfeasible dynamic operation, a preselection of the measurements has been performed, based on the nonlinear model of the process and evaluating the possibility of keeping their values constant in the presence of typical disturbances. 相似文献
8.
螺杆压缩制冷机是一种制冷能力大、占地面积小、效率高的大型制冷机。叙述了螺杆压缩制冷机在聚合釜冷却水系统中的应用,并与离心式制冷机进行对比,可以体现节约、高效的原则,达到平稳、安全生产的目的。 相似文献
9.
Self-optimizing control is a promising method for selection of controlled variables (CVs) from available measurements. Recently, Ye, Cao, Li, and Song (2012) have proposed a globally optimal method for selection of self-optimizing CVs by converting the CV selection problem into a regression problem. In this approach, the necessary conditions of optimality (NCO) are approximated by linear combinations of available measurements over the entire operation region. In practice, it is desired that a subset of available measurements be combined as CVs to obtain a good trade-off between the economic performance and the complexity of control system. The subset selection problem, however, is combinatorial in nature, which makes the application of the globally optimal CV selection method to large-scale processes difficult. In this work, an efficient branch and bound (BAB) algorithm is developed to handle the computational complexity associated with the selection of globally optimal CVs. The proposed BAB algorithm identifies the best measurement subset such that the regression error in approximating NCO is minimized and is also applicable to the general regression problem. Numerical tests using randomly generated matrices and a binary distillation column case study demonstrate the computational efficiency of the proposed BAB algorithm. 相似文献
10.
目前高速运载器的研究已成为国内外航空科学领域的热点问题,速度的提高导致传统的空气热沉已经不能单独作为环境控制系统的制冷工质,同时电子设备的剧增带来更多的热负荷和更大的电量消耗,因此发电量和制冷量成为制约高速运载器性能提高的两大难题。从最基本的空气压缩制冷循环出发,结合现有的燃油作为热沉的环境控制系统,提出一种新型的高速运载器发电制冷技术方案,并对其稳态性能做出详细的分析研究。该方案可以充分利用燃油作为热沉,在保证燃油不超过安全温度限时将机载热负荷有效传递给燃油,最后送入发动机燃烧,而且可以实现利用高温高压的空气作为动力驱动发电装置,满足高速运载器对于电能的需求。经过详细的理论计算和计算机建模仿真,得出的研究结果表明,在1.45 kg·s-1、644℃和3.89 bar(绝压)的引气条件下,通过调整系统的各个部件参数,保证燃油最高温度不超过150℃时,系统的发电量可以达到200 kW;同时在100 kW热负荷条件下可以将舱室的温度控制在30℃左右,能够很好地满足高速运载器对于电能的需求和热负荷的控制。 相似文献
11.
12.
为探究大规模空分系统中空压机余热利用的可行方法,提出利用压缩余热驱动有机朗肯-蒸汽压缩制冷耦合循环,所得制冷量用于空压机入口空气冷却,从而提高压缩系统效率,实现空压机余热自利用和压缩过程自增效的目的。以6万空分规模中空压系统的余热回收为例,利用MATLAB对该余热自利用系统进行了热力学建模;进一步,以系统经济性最大化为目标,针对典型湿度地区的运行工况采用萤火虫算法对主要蒸发器换热面积进行优化。结果表明,在入口空气相对湿度为70%和30%时,该多级空压余热自利用系统的节能率分别可达到4.6%和4.2%,回收周期分别为4.4年和5.5年,系统显示出较好的节能效果和较高的经济价值。 相似文献
13.
压缩机工作时,当负荷降低到一定程度时,会产生剧烈的失稳现象。旋转失速和喘振为轴流压缩系统的两类失稳现象,为其固有特性,传统的防喘振控制虽然能确保压缩机的安全运行,但却缩小了压缩机工作范围,使压缩机不能工作在高性能区域。为了改善防失稳现象的控制效果,首先选取结构简单、控制效果明显的紧连控制阀(CCV)作为主动控制执行机构,并基于轴流压缩系统经典MG模型和非定常理论,建立了包含CCV的动态响应数学模型;然后运用反步递推法(backstepping)设计推导了恒转速和变转速情况下抑制压缩系统失稳现象相应的主动控制律;最后针对压缩机恒转速和变转速下的旋转失速和喘振失稳现象在不同时间施加主动控制以及B参数变化的影响等多种情况进行了仿真实验,验证了CCV主动控制律的有效性以及CCV的执行高效性。 相似文献
14.
15.
利用设计的有机朗肯循环系统回收船舶柴油机的排气能量,考虑冷却水循环,分析了蒸发温度、膨胀比对系统性能的影响。定义经济性函数为系统所需总换热面积和净输出功的比值,而综合评价函数为经济性目标函数和(火用)效率的加权和,以不同的优化目标函数,确定了适用于有机朗肯循环系统的最佳冷凝温度。研究结果表明,在一定膨胀比下,热效率随着蒸发温度的升高先增大再减小,存在最佳蒸发温度;优化目标函数不同,系统存在不同的最佳冷凝温度,以综合评价函数为优化目标,可确定较优的最佳冷凝温度;以R245fa为工质时,最佳蒸发温度为390K,最佳冷凝温度为316K,膨胀比为6.6,热效率可以达到12%;工质的选择对系统性能有很大影响,不同评价指标下系统的性能分析也不同。 相似文献