可控扩散叶型振荡叶栅边界层转捩特性分析

为研究某重型燃气轮机的压气机叶栅在振荡条件下的非定常响应特性,采用基于γ-Reθ转捩模型的雷诺时均方程对可控扩散叶型组成的振荡叶栅进行了数值计算,研究了折合频率、来流攻角和前缘造型对叶片气动性能及表面边界层发展的影响。结果表明：叶片吸力面发生分离前存在较大的压力波动,边界层转捩后叶片表面压力波动减小;叶片振动对可控扩散叶型的分离转捩特性影响较大,随着叶片振动折合频率的增大,叶片吸力面边界层分离转捩位置向叶片前缘移动;通过优化前缘曲率造型能抑制边界层转捩位置的前移,同时改善振动状态下的前缘压力波动特征。     

地面重型燃气轮机压气机叶型的优化设计

将优化理论引入压气机叶型设计,建立了具有自动优化设计能力的平台。该平台由自主开发的二维叶型生成程序、网格生成软件Gambit、流场计算分析软件CFX以及自主开发的优化模块组成。以某地面重型燃气轮机压气机叶型为优化对象,以总压损失系数为目标函数,流场分析中考虑转捩情况。优化设计之后,叶型气动性能有较明显改善。设计工况下叶型总压损失系数较原型下降了3.63%,非设计工况下的性能也优于原型。     

吸附式跨声速压气机参数化设计研究

本文借助S1/S2两类流面迭代和S1流面正反问题混合计算方法,以叶片吸力面边界层吸气为手段,设计了一高负荷跨声速压气机叶型,同时利用MISE软件详细分析了稠度和最大相对厚度对叶片吸力面边界层吸气结构参数的影响.结果表明,叶片吸力面边界层吸气能够显著地改善跨声速压气机叶栅气动性能,并且最优吸气位置与叶型最大相对厚度和稠度有关,但最优吸气量受叶型参数的影响较小.     

粗糙度对压气机叶栅性能影响研究

受工作环境的影响,空气中的杂质进入到压气机内部,这些杂质冲击压气机部件表面造成壁面粗糙度增加,严重时会造成叶片损伤,严重影响压气机的安全稳定运行。为了分析粗糙度造成压气机性能衰退的气动原因,首先需要研究粗糙度对叶栅性能的影响。选择某双弧形压气机叶栅作为研究对象,首次使用一种多控制点叶型型线变化的方法模拟二维粗糙叶片表面,从而实现粗糙叶片的物理模型体现。数值模拟计算过程中避开了传统的、经验式的壁面函数方程,提高了数值模拟对于粗糙表面的计算精度。研究了不同粗糙度以及不同粗糙位置条件下叶栅各方面的损失变化。研究结果表明：当叶栅表面完全粗糙时,尾迹损失值较光滑叶栅升高33%;叶背前缘20%位置的粗糙度对叶栅性能影响最大。     

叶片顶端跨音速叶型的气动性能分析与优化

应用流动计算分析软件CFX,对某大型汽轮机末级动叶顶部截面叶型的跨音速流动进行了数值模拟研究,分析叶栅中激波结构特征和流动损失机理.采用3阶Bezier曲线表达叶型中弧线,2阶与3阶Bezier曲线组合表达叶型厚度分布,结合Kriging代理模型优化叶型,改善气动性能.结果 表明:末级动叶顶部截面叶型气动损失主要与激波强度及其反射位置有关;叶型优化后,叶栅内激波强度减弱,相比原叶型,激波损失减少约32％,同时削弱了激波对边界层的影响,边界层损失降低约17％;优化叶型总压损失下降24％,气动性能明显提高.     

转捩对压气机叶片气动阻尼的影响研究

为探究转捩对压气机叶片气动阻尼的影响规律,以某压气机平面叶栅R13为研究对象,通过7通道影响系数法,分别采用转捩模型和全湍流模型,计算了进口马赫数0.6工况下不同攻角和不同叶间相位角的气动阻尼。结果表明：转捩计算得到的攻角范围比全湍流结果窄,同时转捩计算得到气动阻尼随着攻角的增大而逐渐高于全湍流结果,攻角为负值时两者相差较小;转捩和全湍流计算得到的气动阻尼在叶间相位角接近0°时差别较小,但在远离0°时差别较大;转捩影响通过叶片表面压力幅值和相位角改变叶片表面的气动功密度分布,并且主要通过影响压力相位角影响整体气动阻尼;在不同攻角和叶间相位角下,转捩和全湍流计算得到的压力相位角差别较大,导致整体气动阻尼不同;当压气机叶片表面中部存在明显的转捩现象并且攻角较大时,气动阻尼的计算需要考虑采用转捩模型。     

潮流能水平轴水轮机翼型几何参数对其转捩特性的影响研究

边界层转捩对潮流能水轮机翼型的摩擦阻力、流动的分离位置等有较大影响,为了研究潮流能水平轴水轮机翼型的转捩特性,以NACA4418为初始翼型,采用控制变量法对初始翼型进行几何修形来研究不同厚度、不同弯度对潮流能水平轴水轮机翼型边界层转捩及其水动力学性能的影响。通过Fluent软件中的UDF功能将Michel转捩判据与γ-Reθ转捩模型相结合的经验关联值写入求解器中。通过计算,得到不同弯度和厚度的翼型转捩点位置随不同来流攻角的变化规律以及翼型表面的边界层转捩对其水动力学性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:典型工况下,来流攻角越大,翼型边界层转捩点位置随攻角的增大前移,相对厚度和相对弯度均会使转捩点向前缘移动,小攻角条件下弯度影响有减缓的趋势。     

转捩点预测对风力机翼型气动性能分析的影响

分别用带转捩模型的边界层耦合计算方法和基于RANS方程的通用CFD方法对风力机常用翼型S809进行了气动分析.通过自由转捩、强制转捩和全湍流模式的比较,着重阐述边界层转捩点预测对风力机翼型气动性能计算分析的影响.     

零压力梯度平板边界层转捩的数值模拟

对平板边界层转捩试验T3A和T3B进行了数值模拟,计算值与实验值吻合的较好。通过对零压力梯度的平板转捩现象的研究得出以下的结论:转捩流动的复杂性对流场边界层的影响不容忽视;M-L转捩模型能比较准确地预测转捩的发生和发展过程,在高湍流度下使用全湍流模型来模拟转捩流动的误差较小。     

考虑转捩影响的压气机叶型流动特性数值模拟北大核心

通过采用在SST湍流模型基础上发展形成的γ-Reθt转捩模型对某型可控扩散叶型进行了变冲角的数值模拟研究,并与试验结果和LES计算结果进行了比对。结果表明,SSTγ-Reθt转捩模型对叶型型面静压分布的模拟较为准确;在负冲角流动状态下对叶型的气动性能模拟比LES的结果更为贴近试验实际所得,但在正冲角流动状态下的模拟结果仍有提高的空间。     

Laminar-turbulent transition tripped by step on transonic compressor profile

The shock wave boundary layer interaction on the suction side of transonic compressor blade is one of the main objectives of TFAST project (Transition Location Effect on Shock Wave Boundary Layer Interaction). The experimental and numerical results for the flow structure investigations are shown for the flow conditions as the existing ones on the suction side of the compressor profile. The two cases are investigated: without and with boundary layer tripping device. In the first case, boundary layer is laminar up to the shock wave, while in the second case the boundary layer is tripped by the step. Numerical results carried out by means of Fine/Turbo Numeca with Explicit Algebraic Reynolds Stress Model including transition modeling are compared with schlieren, Temperature Sensitive Paint and wake measurements. Boundary layer transition location is detected by Temperature Sensitive Paint.     

The effect of variable stator on performance of a highly loaded tandem axial flow compressor stage

Increasing the aerodynamic load on compressor blades helps to obtain a higher pressure ratio in lower rotational speeds.Considering the high aerodynamic load effects and structural concerns in the design process,it is possible to obtain higher pressure ratios compared to conventional compressors.However,it must be noted that imposing higher aerodynamic loads results in higher loss coefficients and deteriorates the overall performance.To avoid the loss increase,the boundary layer quality must be studied carefully over the blade suction surface.Employment of advanced shaped airfoils (like CDAs),slotted blades or other boundary layer control methods has helped the designers to use higher aerodynamic loads on compressor blades.Tandem cascade is a passive boundary layer control method,which is based on using the flow momentum to control the boundary layer on the suction surface and also to avoid the probable separation caused by higher aerodynamic loads.In fact,the front pressure side flow momentum helps to compensate the positive pressure gradient over the aft blade's suction side.Also,in comparison to the single blade stators,tandem variable stators have more degrees of freedom,and this issue increases the possibility of finding enhanced conditions in the compressor off-design performance.In the current study,a 3D design procedure for an axial flow tandem compressor stage has been applied to design a highly loaded stage.Following,this design is numerically investigated using a CFD code and the stage characteristic map is reported.Also,the effect of various stator stagger angles on the compressor performance and especially on the compressor surge margin has been discussed.To validate the CFD method,another known compressor stage is presented and its performance is numerically investigated and the results are compared with available experimental results.     

基于LES的压气机叶栅通道非定常流动结构研究

为了进一步理解压气机叶栅通道内的非定常流动结构,采用大涡模拟(LES)方法研究了来流附面层厚度和稠度变化对叶栅通道内涡系结构及总压损失系数的影响。研究表明：来流附面层增厚将导致端壁处流体的轴向动能降低,使得马蹄涡压力面分支更早地流向相邻叶片吸力面;来流附面层越厚,通道涡在叶栅尾缘沿展向抬升的高度越高,角区分离的范围也越大;叶栅的总压损失随附面层增厚而增加,附面层损失增加显著,二次流损失有所增大;稠度较低时叶栅吸力面表面存在分离,会对通道涡及角区分离产生影响;稠度增大,横向压力梯度减小,叶栅流道的速度分布更均匀,通道涡的强度和尺度减小,角区分离的范围减小;稠度增大使叶表不再分离时,总压损失显著降低,但稠度继续增大会使气流与叶片表面的摩擦损失增加。     

Numerical analysis of flow in ultra micro centrifugal compressor -influence of meridional configuration

A single stage ultra micro centrifugal compressor constituting ultra micro gas turbine is required to operate at high rotational speed in order to achieve the pressure ratio which establishes the gas turbine cycle. As a consequence, the aerodynamic losses can be increased by the interaction of a shock wave with the boundary layer on the blade surface. Moreover, the centrifugal force which exceeds the allowable stress of the impeller material can act on the root of blades. On the other hand, the restrictions of processing technology for the downsizing of impeller not only relatively enlarge the size of tip clearance but also make it difficult to shape the impeller with the three-dimensional blade. Therefore, it is important to establish the design technology for the impeller with the two-dimensional blade which possesses the sufficient aerodynamic performance and enough strength to bear the centrifugal force caused by the high rotational speed. In this study, the flow in two types of impeller with the two-dimensional blade which have different meridional configuration was analyzed numerically. The computed results clarified the influence of the meridional configuration on the loss generations in the impeller passage.     

附面层抽吸对大折转角矩形叶栅流场结构的影响

本文采用数值方法研究了低速条件下附面层抽吸对大折转角矩形叶栅流场的影响.计算结果表明,通过选用合理的抽吸位置及抽吸方式的组合,附面层抽吸能较好地控制叶栅内的大尺度的叶片表面分离流动,但对二次流损失的改善效果并不明显.     

Boundary layer separation control on a highly-loaded, low-solidity compressor cascade

Separated flow can be effectively controlled through the management of blade boundary layer development. Numerical simulations on a highly-loaded, low-solidity compressor cascade indicate that combined blowing and suction flow control technique can significantly improve cascade performance, especially in increasing the cascade loading and static pressure ratio as well as decreasing the loss coefficient. Meanwhile, it is more effective to improve cascade performance by blowing near leading edge on suction surface than suction near trailing edge. Both the locations and flow rates of blowing and suction are major impact factors of this method to cascade performance. Comparing to the baseline, the static pressure ratio increases by 15% and loss coefficient decreases by 80%, with a blowing fraction of 1.7% and a suction fraction of 1.38% of the inlet mass flow.     

Unsteadiness of Shock Wave／Boundary Layer Interaction in Supersonic Cascade

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Numerical investigation on the effects of re-organized shock waves on the flow separation for a highly-loaded transonic compressor cascade

This paper presents a detailed numerical investigation of the influence of re-organized shock waves on the flow separation for a highly-loaded transonic compressor cascade. The boundary layer suction (BLS) was used to control the location and strength of shock waves, with the aspirated slot locating at 49% chord, where is just downstream of the impingement point of shock wave at the leading edge. The numerical simulation is based on NUMECA, a commercial software, where the cell-centered control volume approach with third-order spatial accuracy is used to solve the 3-D Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations under the Cartesian coordinate system. Several conclusions can be made through the observation of the numerical results. (1) Multiple shock waves in cascade passage leaded the velocity deficits of boundary layer on suction surface downstream of shock wave, resulting in seriously separated flow on the suction side of blade, especially when the front shock wave is much stronger than the rest of the shocks. (2) BLS with small mass flow rate can not effectively improve the boundary layer. When the impingement point of oblique shock wave coming from cascade leading edge is bled to downstream of the passage shock wave by BLS, the boundary layer flow is greatly improved. However, if the BLS mass flow rate exceeds a critical value (1.2%), the boundary layer downstream of shock wave would separate from suction surface. (3) At the blade mid-span, the aerodynamic performance of compressor blade is improved as BLS mass flow rate increases. The optimum BLS is about 1.2%. Compared with the baseline case, the BLS with flow rate of 1.2% increases the total pressure recovery coefficient by 12%, and decreases diffusion factor by 18% and deviation angle to 7 ° while keeping the pressure rise constant. (4) The three dimensional flow structure of the compressor cascade ranged from 25% span to 75% span was improved greatly with the 1.2% BLS flow rate. However it could not control the development of the corner boundary layer effectively.     

叶片根部倒角对离心叶轮气动性能影响

叶轮是决定离心压气机气动性能的关键因素之一,在保持叶轮设计参数不变的条件下,调整叶根倒角的分布,对比分析叶根倒角对压气机性能的影响.利用Numeca软件对跨声速离心压气机进行全三维稳态流动数值模拟方案分为等半径倒角与变半径倒角两种.结果表明:主叶片后半弦长的倒角是决定压气机气动性能的关键性因素,尾缘倒角比前缘更敏感;根...     

Aerodynamic Performance Improvement of a Highly Loaded Compressor Airfoil with Coanda Jet Flap

Coanda jet flap is an effective flow control technique,which offers pressurized high streamwise velocity to eliminate the boundary layer flow separation and increase the aerodynamic loading of compressor blades.Traditionally,there is only single-jet flap on the blade suction side.A novel Coanda double-jet flap configuration combining the front-jet slot near the blade leading edge and the rear-jet slot near the blade trailing edge is proposed and investigated in this paper.The reference highly loaded compressor profile is the Zierke&Deutsch double-circular-arc airfoil with the diffusion factor of 0.66.Firstly,three types of Coanda jet flap configurations including front-jet,rear-jet and the novel double-jet flaps are designed based on the 2D flow fields in the highly loaded compressor blade passage.The Back Propagation Neural Network(BPNN)combined with the genetic algorithm(GA)is adopted to obtain the optimal geometry for each type of Coanda jet flap configuration.Numerical simulations are then performed to understand the effects of the three optimal Coanda jet flaps on the compressor airfoil performance.Results indicate all the three types of Coanda jet flaps effectively improve the aerodynamic performance of the highly loaded airfoil,and the Coanda double-jet flap behaves best in controlling the boundary layer flow separation.At the inlet flow condition with incidence angle of 5°,the total pressure loss coefficient is reduced by 52.5%and the static pressure rise coefficient is increased by 25.7%with Coanda double-jet flap when the normalized jet mass flow ratio of the front jet and the rear jet is equal to 1.5%and 0.5%,respectively.The impacts of geometric parameters and jet mass flow ratios on the airfoil aerodynamic performance are further analyzed.It is observed that the geometric design parameters of Coanda double-jet flap determine airfoil thickness and jet slot position,which plays the key role in supressing flow separation on the airfoil suction side.Furthermore,there exists an optimal combination of front-jet and rear-jet mass flow ratios to achieve the minimum flow loss at each incidence angle of incoming flow.These results indicate that Coanda double-jet flap combining the adjust of jet mass flow rate varying with the incidence angle of incoming flow would be a promising adaptive flow control technique.