一种基于Mamdami模糊逻辑推理的血细胞分类方法

通过模拟血细胞图像人工识别过程,建立自动识别分类模型,该模型利用Mamdami的模糊逻辑推理来完成从细胞图像特征空间到细胞属性特征的隶属度,再从属性隶属度到语义空间的鉴别映射,最后在语义空间中实现血细胞的分类。语义鉴别映射是实现从细胞图像特征空间到细胞语义空间的非线性变换,是细胞识别方法的关键。本文提出的血细胞自动分类识别方法是基于血细胞认识原型分类方法的具体实现。通过初步实验表明该方法是可行的。     

基于设计目录的计算机辅助概念设计系统

概念设计是设计中最重要的阶段之一,在概念设计阶段将完成从功能到功能原理解的映射过程,包含了设计中的大部分重要决策问题。在把用户需求转化为总功能后,要对总功能进行分解,直到不能分解为止,然后利用设计目录对子功能求解,获得相应的功能原理解,最后进行综合获得概念设计原理方案。本文在这个过程模型的基础上研究了面向计算机的概念设计模型、设计目录方法和概念设计过程模型,为计算机辅助概念设计提供了一套切实可行的方法。     

基于虚拟原型的产品建模与特征生成方法研究

本文着重研究虚拟原型技术中的两个关键问题 :产品概念设计建模、虚拟特征生成及其主要实现技术。给出了相关概念的定义与解释 ,深入分析了基于虚拟原型的概念设计需求和特点 ,介绍了基于虚拟原型的概念设计描述方法和设计过程。在分析虚拟原型的特征分类以及概念设计过程特点的基础上 ,提出一种基于虚拟原型的概念设计描述模型Ｖ ｄｅｓＭｏｄｅｌ,其核心特点是采用产品视图模型描述设计对象 ,将虚拟特征概念融入视图模型中 ,并采用可扩展“三维实体 约束图”描述设计对象之间的约束关系。Ｖ ｄｅｓＭｏｄｅｌ能有效地支持基于虚拟原型的…     

基于MM分词算法与SOM神经网络的分类方法研究

针对文本信息的分类问题,提出正向最大匹配分词算法与自组织映射神经网络融合算法(MMSOM)。利用正向最大匹配分词算法对文本信息进行自动提取,设定关键词信息规范框架,将规范化后的文本信息量化结果作为神经网络输入,结合文本分词结果,实现分类对象信息提取与分类的自动化。将该算法应用于藻类水华领域专家分类问题,分类结果表明了算法的可行性和有效性。     

产品广义参数化设计的研究

分析了参数化设计的研究现状,提出了面向设计周期的产品广义参数化设计的概念,建立了从产品概念设计到详细设计的广义参数化信息模型,定义不同层次的参数映射和约束表达方法,通过主参数来封装产品几何信息和非几何信息,从而最终实现产品级、部件级与零件的参数化设计。     

面向机械产品概念设计的知识库设计研究

针对机械产品概念设计中设计知识功能语义定义模糊和隐形知识重用率低的问题, 研究了基于领域本体表示的知识库设计方法,支持设计知识的自助发布管理和语义信息检索等 功能。提出设计知识表示的本体模式和建模方法,建立领域本体;从概念设计方案需求粒度、 功能目标及企业知识自管理等方面考虑,建立多维设计知识分类体系;设计JSON 文件到OWL 文件的映射规则,实现设计知识的发布、维护、存储和检索。最终实现面向机械产品概念设计 的知识管理,为企业设计人员提供知识共享和重用,支持产品概念设计的方案创新。     

基于虚拟原型的概念设计描述模型V-desModel

传统的概念设计方法由于缺乏真实感的交互手段,难以直观表达设计者的意图.基于虚拟原型的概念设计不仅能为设计者提供逼真的虚拟设计环境,而且充分体现了现代设计的成本低、周期短以及灵活性强等特点.针对概念设计的特点以及虚拟原型的特征分类,提出了基于虚拟原型的概念设计模型V-desModel,其核心是利用产品视图模型描述设计对象,将虚拟特征概念融入视图模型中,并采用可扩展"三维实体-约束图"来描述设计对象之间的约束关系.V-desModel模型能有效地支持基于虚拟原型的概念设计过程,较好地解决了概念设计中产品虚拟原     

一种基于融合重构的子空间学习的零样本图像分类方法

图像分类是计算机视觉中一个重要的研究子领域.传统的图像分类只能对训练集中出现过的类别样本进行分类.然而现实应用中,新的类别不断涌现,因而需要收集大量新类别带标记的数据,并重新训练分类器.与传统的图像分类方法不同,零样本图像分类能够对训练过程中没有见过的类别的样本进行识别,近年来受到了广泛的关注.零样本图像分类通过语义空间建立起已见类别和未见类别之间的关系,实现知识的迁移,进而完成对训练过程中没有见过的类别样本进行分类.现有的零样本图像分类方法主要是根据已见类别的视觉特征和语义特征,学习从视觉空间到语义空间的映射函数,然后利用学习好的映射函数,将未见类别的视觉特征映射到语义空间,最后在语义空间中用最近邻的方法实现对未见类别的分类.但是由于已见类和未见类的类别差异,以及图像的分布不同,从而容易导致域偏移问题.同时直接学习图像视觉空间到语义空间的映射会导致信息损失问题.为解决零样本图像分类知识迁移过程中的信息损失以及域偏移的问题,本文提出了一种图像分类中基于子空间学习和重构的零样本分类方法.该方法在零样本训练学习阶段,充分利用未见类别已知的信息,来减少域偏移,首先将语义空间中的已见类别和未见类别之间的关系迁移到视觉空间中,学习获得未见类别视觉特征原型.然后根据包含已见类别和未见类别在内的所有类别的视觉特征原型所在的视觉空间和语义特征原型所在的语义空间,学习获得一个潜在类别原型特征空间,并在该潜在子空间中对齐视觉特征和语义特征,使得所有类别在潜在子空间中的表示既包含视觉空间下的可分辨性信息,又包含语义空间下的类别关系信息,同时在子空间的学习过程中利用重构约束,减少信息损失,同时也缓解了域偏移问题.最后零样本分类识别阶段,在不同的空间下根据最近邻算法对未见类别样本图像进行分类.本文的主要贡献在于:一是通过对语义空间中类别间关系的迁移,学习获得视觉空间中未见类别的类别原型,使得在训练过程中充分利用未见类别的信息,一定程度上缓解域偏移问题.二是通过学习一个共享的潜在子空间,该子空间既包含了图像视觉空间中丰富的判别性信息,也包含了语义空间中的类别间关系信息,同时在子空间学习过程中,通过重构,缓解知识迁移过程中信息损失的问题.本文在四个公开的零样本分类数据集上进行对比实验,实验结果表明本文提出的零样本分类方法取得了较高的分类平均准确率,证明了本文方法的有效性.     

重点行业知识库构建与管理实现技术

重点行业信息化知识库是一类结构复杂、功能繁多的知识库系统.知识库结构设计以及检索技术的实现决定着知识库功能与性能.基于本体与行业信息化知识体系,对行业信息化知识库结构设计与知识检索等知识库关键技术进行了研究.基于对象数据模型分析进行了知识库设计,基于匹配算法实现了知识构件匹配.结合北京市重点行业知识构库建实现了相关技术,并通过原型系统验证了知识管理技术的有效性.     

虚拟原型建模语言VPML

现有的模型描述语言难以满足基于虚拟原型的概念设计中产品模型描述的需求,基于扩充连接图思想,以基于虚拟原型的概念设计产品描述模型V－desModel为核心,提出了一种虚拟原型建模语言VPML,VPML是一种独立于领域与过程的面向机电产品概念设计的虚拟原型模型描述语言,具有较强的几何和行为建模能力,为多领域系统在概念设计阶段的协同设计、并行设计及联合仿真过程提供了一致的模型描述,VPML模型内嵌的虚拟特征生成算法,使得在概念设计阶段建立真实感很强的产品虚拟原型时设计信息不完备问题得到有效解决。     

An optimization of allocation of information granularity in the interpretation of data structures: toward granular fuzzy clustering

Clustering forms one of the most visible conceptual and algorithmic framework of developing information granules. In spite of the algorithm being used, the representation of information granules-clusters is predominantly numeric (coming in the form of prototypes, partition matrices, dendrograms, etc.). In this paper, we consider a concept of granular prototypes that generalizes the numeric representation of the clusters and, in this way, helps capture more details about the data structure. By invoking the granulation-degranulation scheme, we design granular prototypes being reflective of the structure of data to a higher extent than the representation that is provided by their numeric counterparts (prototypes). The design is formulated as an optimization problem, which is guided by the coverage criterion, meaning that we maximize the number of data for which their granular realization includes the original data. The granularity of the prototypes themselves is treated as an important design asset; hence, its allocation to the individual prototypes is optimized so that the coverage criterion becomes maximized. With this regard, several schemes of optimal allocation of information granularity are investigated, where interval-valued prototypes are formed around the already produced numeric representatives. Experimental studies are provided in which the design of granular prototypes of interval format is discussed and characterized.     

Capturing Design Space From a User Perspective: The Repertory Grid Technique Revisited

The design of an artifact (e.g., software system, household appliance) requires a multitude of decisions. In the course of narrowing down the design process, "good ideas" have to be divided from "bad ideas." To accomplish this, user perceptions and evaluations are of great value. The individual way people perceive and evaluate a set of prototypes designed in parallel may shed light on their general needs and concerns. The Repertory Grid Technique (RGT) is a method of elucidating the so-called personal constructs (e.g., friendly-hostile, bad-good, playful-expert-like) people employ when confronted with other individuals, events, or artifacts. We assume that the personal constructs (and the underlying topics) generated as a reaction to a set of artifacts mark the artifacts' design space from a user's perspective and that this information may be helpful in separating valuable ideas from the not so valuable. This article explores the practical value of the RGT in gathering design-relevant information about the design space of early artifact prototypes designed in parallel. Ways of treating the information gathered, its quality and general advantages, and limitations of the RGT are presented and discussed. In general, the RGT proved to be a valuable tool in exploring a set of artifact's design space from a user's perspective.     

面向并行设计的特征识别与模型重构方法

在分析现有CAD软件以及产品建模方法不足的基础上，引入广义工程语义特征的概念，应用广义特征对象实现面向并行设计的产品广义信息模型的简化表示；提出一种自动特征识别方法，对识别对象进行分类；以截面复杂的回转体特征为例，着重表述了基于基面的特征识别算法；扼要介绍Pro／E软件中的特征结构树，提出面向Pro／E的特征信息三级提取策略与特征信息模型重构原则，并据此开发了DFX原型系统．     

Concept design for quality in virtual environment

The early identification of the optimal concept is a critical task of the design process in order to increase the chances of satisfying customers. The challenging aspect of the approach proposed in this work relies in the quality evaluation of virtual prototypes of new industrial products (i.e. concept designs) by adopting a statistical procedure previously applied to service industries. Following this approach, the optimal concept design is defined at the end of a process consisting of five phases: identification of the quality elements of the concept design, classification of the quality elements, generation and quality evaluation of product concepts and, finally, definition of the optimal concept. Currently, virtual reality (VR) environment offers the opportunity to evaluate the characteristics of different virtual prototypes by involving experts and/or customers, overcoming the need for several physical prototypes. On the other side, the dynamics of simulation and the stereoscopic visualization in VR environment provides a more realistic and impressive interaction with virtual prototypes than in CAD environment.

The proposed methodology is fully exploited through two case studies: the choice of the optimal design for a traditional Neapolitan coffee maker, addressed by the Italian designer Riccardo Dalisi, and for a subassembly of a new minicar.     

用于化学专利标引的族性结构模板的设计与实现

对药物专利中族性结构进行标引是将专利文本信息转换成结构信息用于族性结构的匹配检索。本文根据国家知识产权局知识产权出版社数据研发中心提出的新的图形化标引语言GFL对近千余篇药物专利进行了标引。结合GFL的特点,统计分析药物专利中出现频率很高的结构片断,将这些结构片断的标引结果利用面向对象编程技术设计成一系列的族性模板,便于标引人员直接调用,有利于实现标引工作的半自动化。     

汽车电动助力转向系统设计

介绍了电动助力转向系统(Electric Power Steering,EPS)的工作原理、结构特点,同时提出系统设计方案,包括硬件构架以及软件控制流程:硬件设计主要设计系统控制单元模块、电机驱动以及信号调理部分;软件部分由系统控制算法、系统故障诊断和低层硬件驱动设计.最后,分析归纳在台架实验中得到数据.     

非物质设计观对产品设计的影响

本文探讨了非物质设计观的产生以及非物质设计观对产品设计的影响。非物质设计观的产生是信息社会非物质化的结果,它反映了工业社会的物质文明向信息社会的非物质文明的转变。非物质设计观是对设计本质和设计作用的重新定义,在非物质观的影响下,设计本身的内涵发生了变化,这一变化直接导致产品设计的内容、思维方式以及设计方法也都发生了转变。     

Reciprocal Systems Based on Planar Elements: Morphology and Design Explorations

The concept of transferring forces in a reciprocal way has always been related to the use of timber beams, that is, elongated elements. However, planar components can also be considered; circular tiles, squares, triangles and more articulated or irregular geometrical shapes are all valid alternatives. This report proposes an initial exploration of reciprocal systems based on planar elements in order to guide further morphological studies. It also presents some prototypes, which were developed by the students of the École des Ponts in Paris during two design workshops run in 2012 and 2013.     

Modelling Shared Contexts in Cooperative Environments: Concept, Implementation, and Evaluation

Users who work together require adequate information about their cooperative environment: about other group members presence and activities, about shared artefacts, etc. In the CSCW literature several concepts, prototypes, and systems for providing this group awareness information have been presented. In general, they capture information from the environment, process it, and present it to the users. This paper addresses the processing aspect; in particular, we present a concept for processing awareness information by means of awareness contexts. With this concept we address the problem of contextualising event notifications enabling the presentation of notifications in the appropriate user situation. We describe a lightweight model and its integration into an event and notification infrastructure. We report on an empirical study, and draw some conclusions for the design of context-awareness for cooperative environments.     

Modelling Shared Contexts in Cooperative Environments: Concept,Implementation, and Evaluation

Users who work together require adequate information about their cooperative environment: about other group members presence and activities, about shared artefacts, etc. In the CSCW literature several concepts, prototypes, and systems for providing this group awareness information have been presented. In general, they capture information from the environment, process it, and present it to the users. This paper addresses the processing aspect; in particular, we present a concept for processing awareness information by means of awareness contexts. With this concept we address the problem of contextualising event notifications enabling the presentation of notifications in the appropriate user situation. We describe a lightweight model and its integration into an event and notification infrastructure. We report on an empirical study, and draw some conclusions for the design of context-awareness for cooperative environments.