三氧化硫磺化装置的核心设备——磺化反应器

指出SO3磺化装置的核心设备--磺化反应器的几种型式.着重介绍了降膜式磺化反应器,特别是多管膜式磺化反应器.对两种型式的降膜式磺化反应器即双膜式和多管膜式磺化器进行了比较,并提出多管膜式磺化反应器的一些建议改进.     

磺化反应器进展

介绍了磺化反应器经历的釜式、泵式、膜式、喷射式以及高压湍流管式等的发展历程。着重论述了降膜式和喷射式磺化反应器,分别对两种类型的降膜式磺化反应器(多管膜式和双膜式)以及三种类型的喷射式磺化反应器进行了比较,并对磺化反应器的发展前景进行了展望。     

双膜式三氧化硫磺化传质系数计算的探讨

本文利用国内开发的上洗厂white Cat型双膜式反应器的生产数据，并利用Allide反应器的有关资料，参阅湿壁柱湍流传质系数计算方程式，通过试算、调整常数后认为，下列方程式可用于双膜式三氧化硫磺化反应器传质系数的计算：k_G=0.023R.~(0.78)S_c~(1/3)D_o/(RTZ)3600 kg·mol/m~2·h(kg/m~2)用该方程式计算出的传质系数k_G值和实际反应器的核算值k_G~′非常接近。     

气液喷射式磺化反应器的应用研究

用喷射式磺化反应器分别对脂肪酸甲酯、烷基苯、重烷基苯、脂肪醇、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚和α 烯烃等原料进行了SO3气相磺化/硫酸化反应,研究了反应器主要结构参数对产品质量的影响,并与膜式反应器作了比较。结果表明:喷射磺化反应器制备的烷基苯磺酸、脂肪酸甲酯磺酸的产品质量与膜式磺化反应器相当,制备的重烷基苯磺酸盐产品质量稳定,降低原油/水界面张力的能力优于膜式磺化器制备的产品,但在磺化α 烯烃、硫酸化脂肪醇和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚时转化率低于90%,产品质量明显不及膜式反应器。从两种反应器的传质、传热机理及效率,不同有机原料的SO3磺化机理及反应速度等方面对以上现象进行了分析和讨论,认为喷射式磺化反应器适用于脂肪酸甲酯、烷基苯、重烷基苯的磺化,目前的结构参数不适用于α 烯烃、脂肪醇和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚的磺化/硫酸化反应,需要进一步调整,改善传质效率。     

大型多管膜式磺化反应器的传质和提量

通过有机物磺化或硫酸化传质过程分析,收集具体操作参数和结构参数的基础之上,对引进的3.8t·h-1大型多管膜式磺化反应器进行了较为详实的传质计算,验证了强化和提高磺化能力的可行性,结合实际生产操作数据,提出合理的提量幅度和弹性范围,提高了单套磺化装置的规模效益。     

双膜磺化反应器反应高度的计算

本文是“双膜式三氧化硫磺化传质系数计算的探讨”一文的续篇,也是“探讨”一文的逆过程。叙述了设计条件下计算Kg值和确定磺化器工艺尺寸的方法。进一步由Kg值计算出Kc值。从而推演了双膜磺化器反应高度计算方程式,据此还可算出在任一反应高度时的SO3反应率。     

烷基苯磺酸色泽与磺化反应条件控制

分析了多管膜式磺化反应器生产烷基苯磺酸中影响色泽的因素，采取了相应的控制办法，取得良好效果。     

国产大型磺化器的开发、应用追踪及发展

介绍了首台国产3.8t/h(90管)膜式磺化反应器及配套设备在近5年内的开发和应用情况,以及有关国产大型多管膜式磺化反应器及配套设备的设计、制造和调试的研究进展.     

磺化工艺过程控制方案

以多管膜式磺化反应工艺为例,描述了磺化反应的制取方法、生产过程及控制流程。详细介绍了反应过程中对温度、压力、流量等反应条件的控制方案。     

21世纪的多管膜式磺化反应器

在过去的40年中,磺化技术不断得到改进以期达到最高质量水平.工程师和制造商都将注意力放在"理想工艺"的反应器的设计和使用上.讨论了多管膜式反应器的机械特性,强调了多管膜式反应器设计的最新改进工艺的几大优点.     

Linear Alkylbenzenes Sulfonation: Design of Film Reactor and its Influence on the Formation of Deactivating components

Linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid (ABSA) is a valuable product of inorganic chemistry that is used to obtain linear alkylbenzene sulfonates. The current method for industrial production of ABSA includes sulfonation of linear alkylbenzene (LAB) with sulfur trioxide in tubular falling film reactors. In this work, we analyze the dependence of the dynamics of the deactivating components formation (tetralines and sulfones) on the structural parameters for a multi-tube film sulfonation reactor. To achieve this, we used an unsteady-state mathematical model that considers the feedstock composition and the change in the reaction medium activity. We determined that the film sulfonation reactor of optimal construction has 40 tubes of diameter of 43 mm. It was revealed that with an increase of the LAB supply to the reactor tube, the mass transfer coefficient also increases. For LAB flows of (95∙10⁻⁵) and (2.86∙10⁻⁵) m³ s⁻¹ per tube, the mass transfer coefficient is (1.73∙10⁻²) m s⁻¹ and (2.08∙10⁻²) m s⁻¹, respectively.     

H2O2吸收SO2的降膜传质系数模型的建立

为中小型燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫提出一种以列管式并流降膜塔为脱硫反应器,H2O2溶液为脱硫剂的简便高效、无二次污染的脱硫技术.建立了气、液相传质系数模型,通过实验数据回归了降膜管传质关联式.对气、液相传质系数模型进行验证,结果显示,得出的计算结果与实验数据基本相符,这表明建立脱硫模型对基本设计参数的确定具有一定的指导意义.     

Mass Transfer and Liquid‐Film Formation in a Spray Tower for SO2 Removal in Sodium Hydroxide Solution

Spray towers allow for controlling air pollution in which a liquid is sprayed in small droplets to produce a large interfacial area for mass transfer between a gas and a liquid phase. An experimental study of a spray tower for removing SO₂ is described. The experiments were carried out under different operating conditions by varying the gas velocity, liquid flow rate, and SO₂ concentration. SO₂ removal efficiency, volumetric mass transfer coefficient, and liquid‐film formation as a result of the collision of droplets against the tower wall are investigated. Removal efficiency and volumetric mass transfer coefficient are analyzed as a function of gas velocity, liquid flow rate, and SO₂ concentration, while liquid‐film formation is evaluated as a function of tower height. The results indicate high removal efficiency. Correlations to predict the volumetric mass transfer coefficient are also proposed.     

Comparison Of Ozonation Kinetic Data From Film and Danckwerts Theories

Danckwerts and film theories have been compared through the aqueous ozonation kinetic study of three organics: crotonic, cinnamic and 0hydroxycinnamic acids. At the conditions investigated, these compounds are removed from water exclusively by direct reactions with ozone and the kinetic regime of ozone absorption corresponds to a fast second order irreversible reaction. In this regime, Danckwerts theory provides wider possibilities than film theory for the determination of the rate constant and individual liquid side mass transfer coefficients. The ozonation reactor was operated as an agitated cell to determine the rate constant and as an agitated tank to obtain the mass transfer coefficient. Rate constants were found to increase with increasing pH. At _pH 7 the ozone reactivity of these compounds was in the following increasing order: Cinnamic acid <? crotonic acid <? o‐hydroxycinnamic acid. At _pH 3 differences in reactivity were not significant.     

An improved falling-film reactor for viscous liquids

This paper presents the design of a sulfonation reactor that is intended for enhanced performance when the viscosity of the liquid phase increases, thus reducing gas-liquid transfer rates. The proposed design allows adequate transfer rates to be maintained by progressively increasing the shear stress exerted by the gas over the liquid film. The effectiveness of the design has been tested in runs in which dodecylbenzene and lauryl alcohol 1.80E are sulfonated/sulfated.     

国产双膜磺化反应器的改进及应用

介绍了国内自主开发的第一台双膜磺化反应器结构特点以及在长期使用过程中反映出的问题;重点阐述了近年来针对有机原料分布结构、SO3气体分布结构和确保内外膜同心度结构等问题,进行的试验研究及改进设计;还详细介绍了反应器制造过程中的工艺研究和改进。最后,对反应器改进前后的性能和磺化产品的质量进行了对比。     

终缩聚圆盘反应器脱挥过程和强化措施

圆盘反应器传质可分为泡沫脱挥和小分子扩散蒸发2种形式,分析了界面更新和拉膜传质过程,指出拉膜过程更有利于小分子脱出。根据这一原理设计制造的新型反应器,在实际生产运行中取得明显效果。     

薄膜蒸发器温度场及膜内给热系数的数值模拟

应用CFD软件CFX4.4建立了薄膜蒸发器内水及粘性料液的传热计算模型,获得了沿轴向及膜厚方向的液膜平均温度分布,计算了各参数下加热段液膜内给热系数a. 结果表明,进料量及搅拌转速对各料液液膜温度分布及膜内给热系数影响显著. 不同粘度料液在不同操作条件下均存在同一最佳进料量,此时圈形波内截面平均速度 达到最大值, 相应的膜内给热系数a也达到最大值. 高转速或最佳进料量下,纯物质水流动边界层与膜厚之比及温度边界层与膜厚之比均最小,流动边界层与温度边界层存在内在联系. 传递边界层厚度严重影响液膜内温度分布及给热系数. 本研究各工况下,粘性料液尚未形成明显的温度边界层.