乳酸菌的作用及其在养殖业中的应用

乳酸菌在动物体内能发挥许多的生理功能。大量研究资料表明,乳酸菌能调节胃肠道正常菌群、维持微生态平衡,从而改善胃肠道功能;提高食物消化率和生物效价;降低血清胆固醇,控制内毒素;抑制肠道内腐败菌生长;提高机体免疫力等。     

乳酸菌与健康

介绍了乳酸菌在营养、保健和疾病预防方面的作用,阐述了乳酸菌与人类健康的关系,并展望了乳酸菌今后的研究与开发前景。     

乳酸菌在果蔬加工中的应用现状与前景

乳酸菌是食品工业中应用较为普遍一种食品菌种,乳酸菌食品除了众所周知的保健、营养功效之外,还可以丰富相关食品的风味,增加人们的味觉享受。尤其是乳酸菌在果蔬加工中的应用更加丰富了果蔬加工的种类和市场,为食品市场增加了更多的可供人们选择的营养健康食物。     

城市污泥好氧发酵菌种——乳酸菌的初步筛选

通过从乳酪等富含乳酸菌的天然物质中分离纯化乳酸菌,以COD及除臭效果为主要指标进行筛选,得到来源于乳杆菌属和链球菌属的4种乳酸菌.水解实验表明,4种菌对淀粉、蛋白质和纤维素都没有明显的降解作用.1、2和4号菌对污泥COD有一定的去除作用,除臭实验表明筛选出的乳酸菌具有良好的除臭效果.所筛选出的乳酸菌可用于制备污泥好氧发酵的复合菌剂.     

市售酸奶中活乳酸菌数的测定

试验采集了超市常见的19种酸奶,对其所含活乳酸菌数及在储藏过程中活菌数的变化进行测定.试验结果为:蒙牛、伊利酸奶的活乳酸茵数最多;三鹿、完达山酸奶的活乳酸菌数也较多;天香、聚康酸奶的活乳酸茵数较少.在4℃冰箱中保存的酸奶随储藏时间的增加,活乳酸菌数虽呈下降趋势,但下降幅度不大;而在室温下保存的酸奶随储藏时间的增加,活乳酸茵数下降幅度很大,每隔3d下降1个数量级.     

酪蛋白磷酸肽的研究进展

酪蛋白磷酸肽（CPPs）是以酪蛋白为原料,经单一酶或复合酶水解,再经分离纯化制得的一类含磷酸丝氨酸簇的多肽化合物。其具有重要的生理功能：可促进钙、铁等矿物质元素的吸收及防治龋齿。本文就酪蛋白磷酸肽的生理功能研究进展及制备条件进行了综述,并展望了其工业化的制备方法。     

茄红素分析方法的比较与改进

茄红素(亦称番茄红素)是一种具有生理功能的,又不能为人体自身合成的天然类胡萝卜素,目前国外已经从番茄中提取出来,作为功能性的添加物或者保健品中的功能成分使用,有关其生理功能的研究正成为一个热点。本文对不同分析方法测定番茄红素在番茄及其制品中的含量进行了比较,探讨了快速、准确测定茄红素的方法,为茄红素的提取和加工打下了良好的基础。     

增稠剂在酸奶中的应用现状

酸奶是以牛乳为原料经灭菌冷却接种而制成的产品。由于乳酸菌的发酵作用,使其营养成分比牛乳更趋完善,更易消化吸收。     

降胆固醇乳酸菌的筛选及其发酵条件研究

试验研究以市售的酸菜、香肠、酸奶、酱油、泡菜等为材料,用碳酸钙-MRS选择性培养基筛选出乳酸菌。将菌株接种到含胆固醇标准液的MRS液体培养基中,筛选出一株降胆固醇能力较强的乳酸菌。结合革兰氏染色、菌落的形态学、生理生化特征等鉴定其为干酪乳杆菌,命名为Lactobacillus casei L1。进一步采用单因素试验确定不同因素对胆固醇降解率的影响。最后采用正交试验确定:温度36℃、摇床振荡转数170 r/min、培养时间22 h条件下降解胆固醇效果最好,降解率可达43.6%。     

海藻中活性物质及其在功能食品中的开发现状

文章对海藻中的活性成分和生理功能进行了简要介绍,对目前海藻在功能食品开发的现状和主要方向进行阐述,最后总结了我国海藻食品产业发展中存在的主要问题。     

光电检测技术的人体多生理参数测量

人体心跳所产生的信号波形复杂,其间含有许多重要的人体生理参数,对临床诊断和手术有较大意义。本仪器基于光电容积描记法原理,可以无创、实时、连续的测量人体心率、心脏每搏输出量、动脉血压、血氧饱和度等多个重要生理参数。     

恒温平滑肌槽在生理学、药理学实验教学中的应用

以生理学、药理学实验中的药物对离体小肠平滑肌收缩性的影响实验为例,介绍了HW-400E恒温平滑肌槽的功能特点、使用方法和注意事项,以供生理学、药理学实验教学和科研工作者参考。     

Early designs of the myograph

A surge in quantitative muscle physiology began with the mid-nineteenth century introduction of a new instrument capable of measuring contraction events with millisecond resolution. This strictly mechanical device, called a "myograph" by its designer Hermann von Helmholtz, was based on existing technology but included several important innovations that made it suitable for recording accurately the high speed events of muscle contraction. A variety of different myograph designs, each with its own advantages and disadvantages, ultimately came into existence and populated muscle physiology laboratories into the twentieth century.     

Intrinsic neurons in the mammalian ovary

Mammalian ovarian function is under endocrine and neural control. Although the extrinsic innervation of the ovary has been implicated in the control of both ovarian development and mature function, it is now clear that, from rats to humans, the ovary is endowed with a network of intrinsic neurons displaying diverse chemical phenotypes. This article describes the presence of these intrinsic neurons in the ovary of different mammalian species, and discusses the possible functions that they may have in the regulation of ovarian physiology.     

Physiology and pathophysiology of the human spermatozoon: The role of electron microscopy

In this article, the major contributions of electron microscopy to the present understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of the human spermatozoon are reviewed. The ultrastructural organization of sperm organelles playing a significant role for cell function and, therefore, for the reproductive process is described. Also, the major abnormalities and defects of the various organellar systems and how they impair the reproductive function and/or the viability of the cell are reviewed.     

数字油菜生长系统通用模型探讨

作为21世纪的重要作物,油菜的数字化是油菜的重要研究方法。阐述了数字油菜研究的重要意义,分析了数字油菜研究的现状和存在的问题,指出了数字油菜研究的难点,并提出了一种油菜数字化系统的通用模型。所提出的油菜数字化系统由生理生态机制库、基础几何元件库、数字生长环境、数字生长机和后处理等模块构成。     

Imaging of three-dimensional epithelial architecture and function in cultured CaCo2a monolayers with two-photon excitation microscopy

The principal functions of the gastrointestinal tract mucosa include nutrient absorption, protein and fluid secretion, and the regulated symbiosis with intraluminal contents. Research in epithelial biology has benefited significantly from the use of cultured monolayer preparations, which closely replicate the structure and function of normal gastrointestinal mucosa. Given the explicit importance of epithelial architecture to its physiology, investigations of epithelial biology should be enhanced by the capacity to track microscopic structures and substances in live cells. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to employ a microscopic technique with the capability of imaging deep into the tissue or cell preparation, without adversely affecting its physiology. Two-photon excitation microscopy may constitute such a technique, due to its ability to provide fluorescence excitation of fluorophores using near infrared radiation, that has lower tissue absorption and scattering coefficients. This allows the efficient collection of light energy from sites hundreds of microns deep, with only minimal tissue damage. In this report, we have presented an introduction to the theory and practice of two-photon microscopy for imaging the GI tract epithelium, and have presented examples of its utility in discerning three-dimensional structure and function in CaCo2A epithelial cell monolayers.     

Dinosaur eggshell study using scanning electron microscopy

Visualization and analysis of structural features in fossil dinosaur eggs by scanning electron microscopy augment information from traditional petrographic light microscopy. Comparison of characteristics in fossil and modern eggshells allows inferences to be made regarding dinosaur reproductive biology, physiology, and evolutionary relationships. Assessment of diagenetic alteration of primary eggshell calcite structure that occurs during fossilization provides important information necessary for taxonomic identification and paleoenvironmental interpretations.     

双眼视轴集散与晶体调节的联动反射及合象式近视防治仪

双眼合象法是一种较有效的青少年近视防治方法。本文借助光学方法验证了双眼视轴集散与晶状体调节联动的生理反射的存在，并利用这一原理研制了一种合象式近视防治仪。与之前的同类近视防治仪比较，该仪器在结构与功能上均有较大改进，完全符合视觉生理的要求。文中还初步讨论了合象式近视防治仪的疗效。