外周血T淋巴细胞亚群与免疫球蛋白检测对肺癌病情监测及预后评价意义

目的 :探讨外周血T淋巴细胞亚群与免疫球蛋白检测在肺癌病情监测、预后评估中作用。方法 :选择87例肺癌患者、70例肺部良性肿瘤患者和50例健康人群分别作为研究组、良性组和对照组;比较各组外周血T淋巴细胞亚群变化水平和免疫球蛋白含量。结果 :研究组CD4+CD25+、Ig G、Ig A水平显著高于良性组和对照组(P<0.05),CD8+CD28+水平显著低于良性组和对照组(P<0.05);研究组和良性组Ig M显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。T淋巴细胞亚群水平与病理类型无关(P>0.05),与TMN分期、淋巴转移有关(P<0.05);相关性分析显示肺癌患者外周血CD4+CD25+细胞与Ig G、Ig A呈正相关关系(P<0.05),与CD8+CD28+呈负相关关系(P<0.05)。结论 :肺癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平和免疫球蛋白含量检测,能够作为评估肺癌病情、预后的指标之一。     

流式细胞术快速检测T细胞亚群和NKT细胞亚群的免疫荧光变化

利用单克隆抗体与免疫荧光结合的特异性,探讨流式细胞仪检测T细胞亚群和NKT细胞亚群免疫荧光变化。选用培养C57BL/7小鼠脾细胞分别经SEB.COA活化,收集体外扩增10d淋巴细胞为效应细胞,经免疫荧光探针FITC、PI、PerCP和APC标记可同时检测各亚群免疫荧光变化,结果表明SEB活化主要是NKT细胞,它们与COA活化NKT细胞亚群相比比率显著增高。COA活化细胞主要是T细胞亚群。依据免疫荧光原理应用流式细胞术,为进一步研究NKT细胞结构和功能提供一种快速的检测手段。     

淋巴细胞亚群检测在CAEBV与IM患儿鉴别诊断中的研究

目的:研究淋巴细胞亚群及免疫球蛋白检测在慢性活动性EB病毒感染(CAEBV)与传染性单核细胞增多症(IM)患儿鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法:纳入2017年4月至2019年4月于我院收治的102例EB病毒(EBV)感染患儿为对象,按疾病类型将其分为CAEBV组(42例)和IM组(60例);另选取同期入院的60例健康儿童为正...     

乙型肝炎与肝硬化脾切除后淋巴细胞亚群变化

目的 :观察乙型肝炎与肝硬化脾切除后淋巴细胞亚群变化规律,分析其临床指导意义。方法 :以我院2012年6月—2015年6月收治382例肝病患者及同期30例健康体检者为研究对象,进行前瞻性对照研究。比较非活动性乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBs Ag)携带者、慢性乙型肝炎、代偿期肝硬化、失代偿期肝硬化、原发性肝癌、脾切除患者于正常受试者淋巴细胞亚群、B淋巴细胞、自然杀伤(NK)细胞水平及异常率之间的差异。结果 :脾切除患者CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+表达水平显著低于其他各组,CD3~+异常率、CD4~+异常率、CD8~+异常率高于其他各组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。失代偿期肝硬化患者B淋巴细胞显著高于其他各组,原发性肝癌、脾切除患者NK细胞显著高于其他各组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。原发性肝癌、慢性乙型肝炎患者B淋巴细胞异常率显著高于其他各组,脾切除、代偿期肝硬化、失代偿期肝硬化患者NK细胞异常率显著高于其他各组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 :乙型肝炎与肝硬化患者均存在不同程度的免疫功能缺陷,随着病情的进展,其细胞免疫活化功能逐渐降低。脾切除患者淋巴细胞亚群异常更为明显。     

多参数分析超抗原SEB诱导小鼠NKT细胞变化的流式细胞术

探讨采用四色荧光探针检测超抗原SEB诱导小鼠NKT细胞的多参数流式细胞术.选用培养C57BL/J小鼠脾淋巴细胞,四色免疫荧光标记FITC、PI、PerCP及APC,应用FACS Calibur型流式细胞仪,以Cellquest软件获取、分析及储存.经SEB诱导后流式细胞术可同时检测到淋巴细胞亚群及NKT细胞CD3 NK1.1 ,CD4 NK1.1 ,CD8 NK1.1 的变化.第10d时,CD3 /NK1.1 百分率达到最高.多参数的流式细胞术为研究NKT细胞功能提供一种快速、客观及全面多指标的检测手段.     

反复扁桃体炎患儿机体免疫功能的变化

目的 :观察反复扁桃体炎患儿机体免疫功能的变化,探索其发病机制并总结治疗思路。方法 :我院2015年1月至2017年1月就诊的74例反复扁桃体炎患儿入观察组,同期60名健康体检儿童入对照组。分别使用流式细胞仪、免疫比浊法,检测两组受试儿童入组时T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+)以及免疫球蛋白(Ig G、Ig A、Ig M)水平,并检测观察组患儿治疗后机体免疫功能变化;计算T淋巴细胞亚群及免疫球蛋白水平与患儿扁桃体炎症状积分的相关性。结果 :观察组CD3~+、CD4~+及CD4~+/CD8~+均低于对照组,其Ig A高于后者组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后6个月CD3~+、CD4~+及CD4~+/CD8~+均较术前升高,Ig A较术前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患儿术前症状积分为(17.71±5.30)分,术后6个月降至(6.32±1.84)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Pearson相关性分析结果 CD3~+、CD4~+及CD4~+/CD8~+与患儿症状积分呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论 :反复扁桃体炎患儿机体细胞免疫状态严重紊乱、体液免疫变化不明显,扁桃体摘除术能够改善机体免疫功能,但其远期影响仍有待进一步观察。     

T细胞亚群及炎性因子对乙型病毒肝炎的诊断价值及相关性分析

目的 :探究T细胞亚群、炎性因子IL-32、IL-6等对乙型病毒肝炎的诊断及相关性。方法 :随机选取我院收治的乙型肝炎患者138例为观察组,以同期健康体检人员32例为对照组,对所有受试者进行T细胞亚群比例、IL-32和IL-6水平的检测,并对肝功能相关指标进行检测,探究其相关性。结果 :乙肝患者的CD4+T细胞比例降低,CD8+T细胞比例升高,CD4+/CD8+比值降低,各组与对照组相比,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);乙型肝炎患者的IL-32和IL-6水平高于对照组,且急性乙肝组患者与轻度、中度和重度乙型肝炎组各组之间具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。而HBV DNA(+)组与HBV DNA(-)组在T细胞亚群比例和IL-32、IL-6水平方面不具有统计学差异(P>0.05)。IL-32和IL-6水平与ALT、TB均呈正相关,与Al B水平呈负相关。结论 :CD4+/CD8+比值及细胞因子IL-32和IL-6水平的变化直接影响乙型肝炎的发病,对乙型肝炎的诊断有一定指导意义;IL-32和IL-6水平与病毒复制无关,仅与机体免疫异常有关且与肝脏功能指标呈现一定相关性。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定东营地区健康人群发中钼的正常值

钼是生命必需的微量元素。钼缺乏或过多对机的健康会产生不利的影响。由于头发采集、运输与保存比较简单，且发中钼与血和尿中钼的含量无显著性差异。本文采用石墨炉原子吸收法测定东营地区１００例健康成年人发中钼的含量，并进行统计计算，确定了正常值范围，作为本地区营养学和流行病学的群体观察指标。     

分娩镇痛注射方式对产妇血清IL-6、TNF-α及T淋巴细胞亚群水平的影响

目的 :探讨不同分娩镇痛方式对产妇血清IL-6、TNF-α及T淋巴细胞亚群水平的影响。方法 :选择2015年5月至2016年1月拟在我院妇产科住院并需要进行分娩的正常产妇120例,按照随机数字表方法分为观察组(A组)和对照组(B组),各60例。两组患者均采用硬膜外阻滞麻醉进行分娩镇痛,其中A组产妇采用脉冲式注射给药方式;B组采用给予持续恒定的注射给药方式。观察两组产妇围术期生命体征的变化,分别于宫口开至2~3cm(T1)、镇痛开始后30min(T2)、胎儿分娩时(T3)对两组患者进行疼痛评分(VAS);记录两组产妇产程时长(第一产程活跃期、第二产程、第三产程)及药物总量,统计两组产妇分娩方式(剖宫产、顺产、阴道助产)以及产后出血、新生儿窒息等结局;并分别于T1、T3及分娩后24 h(T4)进行IL-6、TNF-α及T淋巴细胞亚群检测。结果 :两组产妇一般情况、产程、分娩方式,产后出血以及新生儿窒息情况相比差异无统计学意义;T2,T3时刻A组产妇VAS评分明显低于B组且A组产妇术中罗哌卡因和舒芬太尼的总用药量也明显低于B组,P<0.05;B组T4时刻CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+显著低于A组,B组T3、T4时刻IL-6、TNF-α显著高于A组,差异有统计学意义。结论 :脉冲式分娩镇痛注射方式能够有效降低产妇分娩期的疼痛、减少用药量而且能够减轻炎症反应和应激对产妇免疫功能的抑制。     

脆性材料亚表面损伤检测研究现状和发展趋势

脆性材料加工过程中引入的亚表面损伤,对材料的使用寿命、性能、下道工序的移除量等都有很大的影响。为了指导加工工艺,加强对加工过程的控制,对材料的亚表面损伤层的检测显得尤为重要。从破坏性检测技术和非破坏性检测技术两种不同类型的亚表面损伤层检测方式、理论模型预测和亚表面损伤检测方法的应用效果对比四个方面进行阐述和分析,对不同的检测方式进行比较,并说明其原理、优缺点及应用范围,最后对该领域科学研究的发展现状进行了总结和今后的发展趋势进行展望。     

Inhibition of H2O2-induced apoptosis of lymphocytes by calorie restriction during aging

Calorie restriction (CR) is known to delay the aging process in rodents and is postulated to act by decreasing free radical generation and increasing antioxidant enzyme activity. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of CR and age on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and associated changes in the levels of TNF-alpha, and Bcl-2 in splenic T lymphocytes. Ad libitum (AL)- or CR-fed C57BL/6J mice were sacrificed either at 6 (young) or 18 (old) months and splenic lymphocytes were incubated with or without 25 micro M H2O2 to induce apoptosis. Apoptosis increased with age in cells of AL-fed mice incubated with H2O2. CR prevented this rise in apoptosis in total splenic lymphocytes and in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocyte subsets either with or without H2O2. Free radicals increased and mitochondrial membrane potential decreased in aged mice. CR prevented these changes and also prevented the age-associated increase in TNF-alpha and loss of Bcl-2 in total splenic lymphocytes and in CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocyte subsets. In summary, lymphocytes in aged AL-fed mice were much more susceptible to oxidative stress-induced apoptosis whereas CR normalized apoptosis by preventing the increase in TNF-alpha and the decrease in Bcl-2 associated with aging.     

Quantitative studies on the movement of fluid and lymphocytes through periodontal tissue and into the draining lymph.

Chronic lymph drainage techniques in sheep have been used to map the pathways and to quantify the fluid and cell traffic through periodontal tissues. The continuous collection of cervical and prescapular lymph has demonstrated that 65% of labelled protein tracer injected into the periodontal tissues could be found in lymph over a period of 7.5 hours. Nearly 90% of the total radioactivity could be accounted for between the lymph and the tissue site. When silk was impregnated with radiolabelled albumin and a tooth ligated, the kinetics of the subsequent appearance of the tracer in lymph emphasized the ease with which macromolecules surrounding the teeth gain access to the lymphatics, regional lymph nodes, and immune apparatus. Animals were primed with BCG and then tuberculin (delayed hypersensitivity) lesions were simultaneously induced in the skin, bowel, and periodontium. When T cells were labelled with radioisotopes and their migration from blood to lymph measured, the periodontal tissue traffic pattern was distinct from the traffic pattern through DTH in the skin and also distinct from the pattern through the small intestine. This indicates that the lymphocyte traffic through the inflamed periodontium has unique features. This tissue specificity was not apparent when lesions were induced with TNFalpha. The static assessment of lymphocyte subsets within the tissues was also assessed with immunohistochemistry.     

Immunophenotyping of lymphocyte subsets in the third eyelid tissue in dogs (Canis familiaris): morphological, microvascular, and secretory aspects of this ocular adnexa

The third eyelid is an important adnexa of the eye. The objective of this study was to evaluate (i) morphological aspects (ii) vascularization, and (iii) the immunophenotype of lymphocyte subsets in the third eyelid of dogs. Flow cytometric analysis revealed the presence of three patterns concerning the immunophenotype of the third eyelid tissue. Dogs without ocular insult or deficient tear production might belong to one of the following immunophenotype patterns: I--the number of T-cells that expressed CD3(+) CD8(+) was higher than the number of cells that expressed CD3(+)CD4(+). II--the number of cells CD3(+)C4(+) was higher than the number of cells CD3(+)CD8(+) and in this case a higher number of cells that expressed CD19 were identified. III--Proximity of values of the cells that expressed CD3(+)CD4(+) and CD3(+)CD8(+). These data might suggest that the number of lymphocyte T cells alone should not be considered a direct indicator of the presence of an immune-based inflammation. Besides, a particular population of T-cells does not indicate a particular inflammatory state. The morphological study of the third eyelid revealed a rather uncommon angioarchitecture. The artery that irrigates the eyelid crosses almost the entire length of this structure to achieve its free border, and only then, ramificates deeply towards an inner segmental level. This spatial microvascular arrangement probably results from an adaptation to the fact that the third eyelid, in the medial cantus of the eye, is inwardly compressed into a tiny space. Efficient vascularization is achieved by allowing the first ramifications of the third eyelid artery to run straight to the top. Accini secretor cells of the third eyelid show a mucin content while tubuloacinar cells are mainly serous.     

Thymic epithelial cells in age-dependent involution

Aging involves morphological and functional alterations within the microenvironment of the thymus where heterogenous populations of thymic epithelial cells (TEC) play the main roles. The studies performed to date on thymic involution signalize a disturbed interaction between individual thymic compartments that disrupt thymocyte-TEC interactions and, as a sequele, disturb differentiation of both TEC and thymocytes. The process of aging affects the various subsets of TEC at different periods of life. Changes in different subsets of TEC are documented on the basis of their phenotypical characteristics, involving morphological analysis and immunocytochemistry. The character and kinetics of changes in TEC are typical for individual subsets and probably sex-dependent. In the course of life, the involutionary changes, expressed by disorganised thymic structure and function, are accompanied by changes in medullary TEC, manifested by alterations in the differentiation process of the cells. In parallel, at the same stage of individual life, the aging process induces increased proliferative and secretory activity of subseptal TEC, which seem to functionally replace medullary TEC. Structural and phenotypic modifications of TEC are locally controlled by complex sets of different factors and seem to represent a morphological adaptation of the gland to the process of aging. Microsc. Res. Tech. 62:488-500, 2003.     

Diagnostic and prognostic significance of the lymphocyte/C-reactive protein ratio,neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio,and D-dimer values in patients with COVID-19

In this study, our aim was to examine the diagnostic and prognostic significance of lymphocyte/C-reactive protein ratio (LCR), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and D-dimer parameters in COVID-19 infection. The LCR, NLR, neutrophil count, mean platelet volume (MPV), C-reactive protein (CRP), and D-dimer parameters were evaluated retrospectively. This was a retrospective cohort study with 1000 COVID-19 positive and 1000 healthy control groups, all over the age of 18 years. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) values were calculated for each parameter found to be statistically significant in the univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Herein, 127 (12.7%) of the COVID-19⁺ patients, whose data was included in this study, died. The neutrophil, MPV, CRP, D-dimer, and NLR values were higher in the COVID-19⁺/deceased group than in the COVID-19⁺/alive and control groups (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001). The lymphocyte and LCR values were lower in the COVID-19⁺/deceased group than in the COVID-19⁺/alive and control groups (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). Variables with statistically significance in predicting COVID-19 infection were lymphocyte, LCR, D-dimer, NLR, CRP, MPV, PLT, and neutrophil values. Statistically significant variables in predicting mortality due to COVID-19 were LCR, CRP, NLR, lymphocyte, D-dimer, neutrophil, and MPV values. A low LCR and high NLR are associated with the presence, prognosis, and mortality due to COVID-19. LCR and NLR parameters can thus be used in clinical monitoring to reduce morbidity and mortality rates.     

Vibration reduction of a single cylinder reciprocating compressor based on multi-stage balancing

Basically, a reciprocating compressor consists of three main mechanical subsets: the hermetic housing, the crankcase and the rotor-crankshaft assembly. The counterweight mass located on the rotor-crankshaft is designed to balance the eccentric masses of the slider-crank mechanism which predominate in comparison to the residual distributed unbalance masses due to manufacturing. However, excessive vibration levels can be observed. The objective of the study is to perform a reliable finite element model for balancing the compressor by taking into account the dynamic behavior of the three subsets. The rotor-crankshaft assembly is considered as a flexible body, while the crankcase and the housing are assumed to be rigid. The rotor-crankshaft model is updated by using experimental modal analysis at rest. The characteristics of the fluid film bearings are speed of rotation dependant. The forces of the pressure and of the slider-crank mechanism are expanded by using Fourier transformation. The Influence Coefficient Method is used to investigate several balancing solutions to reduce the vibratory levels of the target plane located on the three main subsets. The experiments carried out show that this multi-stage balancing procedure is rather more efficient than a classical approach based only on the dynamic balancing of the rotor crankshaft assembly.     

行为结构变型方法研究

行为在基于功能-行为-结构(FBS)的概念设计过程模型中起着承上启下的重要作用,在行为层次进行执行机构系统的创新的研究具有重要的意义。从实现功能的角度,分析行为,提出用位移、速度、加速度、角位移、角速度和角加速度等刚体运动学参数描述行为;根据功能描述的模糊性特点,提出在行为描述中增加作用力参数和参数模糊系数。在分析行为关系的基础上,提出行为集合分组规则和分组评价规则,并由此提出行为结构创新方法-行为分组法。该方法通过重复调用简单易行的分组规则和评价规则,将行为集合逐步分解,形成一系列行为结构变型,辅助创新。应用实例说明该方法进行计算机辅助实现行为结构寻优和创新的有效性。     

A heuristic algorithm to batching and loading problems in a flexible manufacturing system

Part type selection and machine loading are two major problems in the production planning of flexible manufacturing systems (FMS). The two problems are viewed as selecting subsets from the jobs of part types in a planning horizon and allocating jobs of the subsets among machines. In this paper, in order to develop a practical and efficient approach to solving FMS production planning problems, a heuristic algorithm is suggested that develops heuristic rules with the objective of minimisation of the number of tool changes and minimisation of the imbalance in per machine. To compare the proposed algorithm, a series of computational experiments is done on randomly generated test problems and the results show that the developed algorithm is very simple and efficient.     

On the empirical variance of a fractionator estimate

The fractionator consists of several sampling stages with systematic sampling at each stage; data are collected only at the last stage. Therefore, predicting the error variance of a fractionator estimator is a non-trivial problem, because the observations are correlated in a complicated, unknown way. Gundersen proposed to split the material sampled at the first stage into two subsets, and to compute the variance of the pooled estimate empirically using the corresponding pair of observations made in these two subsets. The idea is very effective, but the estimator thus proposed needed some corrections. The purpose of this paper is to present an improved estimator of the coefficient of error of a fractionator estimator using Gundersen's design.     

纳米级超精密切削表面粗糙度若干影响因素分析

介绍了W-M函数和分形分维数的结构函数法求法,采用分形理论对影响纳米级超精密切削表面质量的若干因素进行了初步分析,并进行了相关的试验和统计分析,特别是对其中主要的影响因素及其影响程度进行了分析,得出并验证了集合与子集的分维数求法及其影响关系,并对将上述理论应用于设计实际的相关问题进行了探讨。