VO@g?C3N4-T可见光催化苯羟基化制苯酚

以尿素和乙酰丙酮氧钒为原料制备了钒氧化合物络合在纳米薄片石墨化氮化碳上的光催化剂(VO@g?C3N4-T),并与石墨化氮化碳（g?C3N4）、钒氧化合物负载在石墨化氮化碳上催化剂（VO/g?C3N4）进行了对比。采用N2吸附、X射线衍射光谱(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱（EDS）、电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)分析手段对制备的催化剂进行了表征。考察了所得催化剂可见光催化苯羟基化制 苯酚的性能。结果表明,高比表面积、纳米薄片状的VO@g?C3N4-T催化剂具有合适的带差,导致可见光催化苯的C-H键活化及羟基化具有较好的催化性能,转化率和选择性可以达到98.4%、91.1%。由于石墨化氮化碳和钒具有较强的相互作用,这减少了钒的溶脱,所以该催化剂具有很好的可重复使用性,连续使用五次后,苯的转化率和苯酚的选择性没有明显降低。     

VO@g-C_3N_4-T高效可见光催化苯羟基化制苯酚

以尿素和乙酰丙酮氧钒为原料,将乙酰丙酮氧钒络合在纳米薄片石墨化氮化碳上,得到系列不同V质量分数的光催化剂(VO@g-C_3N_4-T),将其与石墨化氮化碳(g-C_3N_4)、钒氧化合物负载在石墨化氮化碳上得到的催化剂(VO/g-C_3N_4)进行了催化苯羟基化的性能对比。采用N2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射光谱(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)、电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)对制备的催化剂进行了表征。考察了所得催化剂可见光下催化苯羟基化制苯酚的性能。结果表明,高比表面积、纳米薄片状的VO@g-C_3N_4-T催化剂具有合适的带差,对可见光下催化苯的C—H活化及羟基化具有较好的催化性能,苯的转化率和苯酚选择性分别可以达到98.4%、91.1%。由于石墨化氮化碳和钒具有较强的相互作用,减少了钒的溶脱,所以该催化剂具有很好的可重复使用性,连续使用5次后,苯的转化率和苯酚的选择性仍然可以达到97.1%和91.0%。     

氯化N—（3—苯氧—2—羟）丙基—N，N，N—三烷基铵的合成及其相转移催化性能

苯酚和环氧氯丙烷在相转移催化条件下反应生成苯基缩水甘油醚，然后和三甲胺或三乙胺的盐酸盐反应得到氯化N-（3-苯氧-2-羟）丙基-N，N，N-三烷基铵，其结构通过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱及元素分析得以证实。测定了其对氧烷基化反应、氮烷基化反应的相转移催化作用。     

钴卟啉-四丁基溴化铵串联催化苯乙烯在氧气和二氧化碳中合成碳酸苯乙烯酯

通过仿生催化，将苯乙烯、氧气（O₂）和二氧化碳（CO₂）直接合成环状碳酸酯在现代化学中极具学术研究意义和工业应用价值。采用钴卟啉-四丁基溴化铵为双组分催化剂，以2-氧代环戊烷羧酸甲酯为助剂，在O₂和CO₂条件下，直接将苯乙烯转化为碳酸苯乙烯酯。系统考察了催化剂用量等因素对催化性能的影响。在最佳反应条件下，苯乙烯的转化率高达99%，环状碳酸酯的收率可达35%。利用在线紫外与在线红外探讨了该串联反应可能的机理。结果表明，钴中心与2-氧代环戊烷羧酸甲酯的环内氧原子配位后活化氧气形成过氧活性物种，进而形成高价钴-氧中间体，其通过传递氧原子给苯乙烯而生成环氧苯乙烷。而后，环氧苯乙烷在四丁基溴化铵的催化作用下开环，并通过CO₂插入反应和分子内闭环反应最终生成环状碳酸酯。     

有序介孔Ag@AgClCeO2的制备及其在photo-CWPO体系中的催化性能

采用微波辅助软模板法、沉积-沉淀法和光还原法，制备了有序介孔Ag@AgCl/CeO2催化剂。XRD、SEM、EDS、TEM、N2-吸附脱附和UV-Vis DRS对该催化剂的形貌、结构及化学组成进行了表征。同时建立了光-催化湿式过氧化反应体系（photo-CWPO），研究了Ag@AgCl/CeO2在可见光照射下对丙烯腈废水的CWPO催化降解性能。结果表明：制备的Ag@AgCl/CeO2具有有序的介孔结构，Ag和AgCl在CeO2表面形成，比表面积422.8m2/g，在可见光区有较强的吸收,禁带宽度2.9eV。在photo-CWPO体系中，当丙烯腈废水浓度为500mg/L,催化剂用量为200mg，H2O2(30%)投加量为8ml，反应60min，COD可达90%以上，并且有较高的稳定性。丙烯腈废水降解过程起主要作用的是Ag@AgCl/CeO2催化作用下生成的?OH。     

SiO2负载MoP催化剂的制备及其对苯甲醇选择性氧化的催化性能

在SiO2载体上，以乙酰丙酮钼与次磷酸铵为原料，未经煅烧直接还原制备负载型磷化钼（MoP/SiO2）催化剂，通过XRD、N2-物理吸附、TEM和XPS等手段对催化剂进行表征。研究了浸渍液中P/Mo摩尔比（n(P):n(Mo)=1:1，2:1，3:1）、还原温度（500、550、600 ℃）对MoP相的影响，并考察其在苯甲醇选择性氧化生成苯甲醛反应中的催化性能。结果表明，浸渍液中P/Mo摩尔比为2、还原温度为550 ℃时，所获得的MoP/SiO2催化剂（MoP/SiO2-550-2）在苯甲醇选择性氧化生成苯甲醛反应中具有最好的转化率（99.7%）和优异的产物选择性（99.8%），这是由于MoP/SiO2-550-2催化剂上形成了更多小颗粒的MoP相。     

MnK/Al2O3催化苯甲醇液相氧化制苯甲醛

采用共浸渍法制备Mn1K1/Al2O3催化剂,并以分子氧为氧化剂考察了其在苯甲醇液相氧化制苯甲醛反应中的催化性能。实验结果显示,焙烧温度和负载量对催化剂性能有重要影响,773 K焙烧的10%(wt)Mn1K1/Al2O3具有最高的催化活性,373 K下反应3 h时,苯甲醇转化率为72.9%,苯甲醛选择性为99%,且该催化剂可循环使用6次以上而其催化活性无明显降低。粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、N2物理吸附、拉曼光谱、X射线吸收光谱(XAS)、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)结果表明,负载在Al2O3表面的非晶态或小晶粒α-Mn O2是催化活化分子氧发生醇氧化反应的高活性物种。     

醛酮树脂基非金属催化剂催化氧气氧化苯制备苯酚

苯酚是一种具有广泛应用价值的化工原料，氧气直接氧化苯制备苯酚是一条绿色的路径。本文设计并制备了一种新型醛酮树脂基非金属催化剂用于氧气直接氧化苯制备苯酚。通过X射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱和N2吸附-脱附等技术对催化剂的形貌、结构进行了表征。结果表明，制备的催化剂是具有大量羟基和羰基官能团的无定形碳材料，不同的酮对催化剂官能团的含量有影响。考察了所制备的催化剂催化氧气直接氧化苯制备苯酚反应的性能，优化了反应条件。在最佳反应条件下，苯酚的产率达到16.3%，其催化性能可与金属催化剂相媲美。此外，通过动力学研究表明该反应为一级反应并计算了各步骤的反应速率常数。结合表征、动力学实验和对照实验得出催化剂表面丰富的酮羰基是反应的活性位点，并据此提出了反应机理。     

无定型MnO2的制备及其催化苯甲醇选择氧化性能

用KMnO₄和MnSO₄为原料，通过简单的氧化还原过程合成了无定形MnO₂，并用于催化苯甲醇氧化制苯甲醛，发现制得的无定形MnO₂在催化苯甲醇氧化制苯甲醛中表现出较高的活性和苯甲醛选择性（100%）。考察了反应温度、氧浓度、催化剂用量以及反应时间对苯甲醇氧化的影响。结果表明，较高的反应温度和氧浓度以及合适的催化剂用量有利于无定形MnO₂催化苯甲醇氧化生成苯甲醛，在反应温度110 ℃、常压和通氧条件下反应3 h, 苯甲醇转化率和苯甲醛选择性均为100%。     

钒(V)掺杂十聚钨酸四丁基铵光催化分子氧选择氧化苯甲醇

采用酸化聚合法制备了钒掺杂十聚钨酸四丁基铵盐(TBA4W10-nVnO32)光催化剂,用UV-Vis、FT-IR、XRD及元素分析等对催化剂进行表征,以可见光下催化分子氧氧化苯甲醇为探针反应,考察了TBA4W10-nVnO32催化剂的光催化性能,并研究了水和酸添加剂对光催化氧化性能的影响.结果表明,在优化的V掺杂量和光...     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.