两种提取工艺的辣木籽油对小鼠免疫活性的影响

探讨两种提取工艺(压榨和超声辅助溶剂萃取)所得辣木籽油对小鼠免疫活性的影响。采用醋酸泼尼松灌胃处理小鼠建立免疫抑制动物模型,将小鼠按体重随机分为空白组(5%羧甲基纤维素钠,20 mL/kg)、模型组(醋酸泼尼松,10 mg/kg)、两种提取工艺辣木籽油(1、2 g/kg)剂量组、两种提取工艺辣木籽油(1、2 g/kg)+醋酸泼尼松剂量组。小鼠经连续灌胃给药2周,测定小鼠体重、廓清指数、吞噬指数、免疫器官(胸腺和脾脏)指数,研究两种提取工艺辣木籽油对小鼠免疫活性的影响。结果表明:与空白组相比,两种提取工艺辣木籽油高剂量组均能显著增加正常小鼠脾脏指数、胸腺指数、巨噬细胞吞噬指数和廓清指数(P 0. 05或P 0. 01);与模型组相比,两种提取工艺辣木籽油高剂量组对免疫抑制小鼠免疫器官(胸腺和脾脏)指数、巨噬细胞吞噬指数和廓清指数均有显著增强作用(P 0. 01),但对其体重无显著影响。证明两种提取工艺的辣木籽油具有等效的免疫增强作用且具有剂量依赖性。     

琼崖海棠籽油的遗传毒性评价

通过小鼠骨髓红细胞微核试验、精子畸形试验和Ames试验,对琼崖海棠籽毛油的遗传毒性进行了研究。结果表明：琼崖海棠籽毛油小鼠骨髓红细胞微核试验、精子畸形试验的中（1/4 LD50）、高（1/2 LD50）剂量组均较阴性对照组具有极显著差异（P<0.01）,且呈剂量-反应关系,为阳性结果;Ames试验各剂量组均为阴性结果。琼崖海棠籽毛油中所含呫吨酮类、香豆素类、萜类和生物碱等化学物质可能是遗传毒性为阳性的原因。小鼠骨髓红细胞微核试验、精子畸形试验阴性结果剂量明显高于体重50 kg成年人的日推荐油脂摄入量（500~600 mg/kg）。因此,在推荐油脂摄入量下,琼崖海棠籽毛油对受试物不具有遗传毒性。     

石榴籽油的体内抗氧化性评价

利用水酶法提取石榴籽油,以5、10、15 mL/(kg.bw.d)3种剂量的石榴籽油分别给低剂量组(5 mL/(kg.bw.d))、中剂量组(10 mL/(kg.bw.d))和高剂量组(15 mL/(kg.bw.d))的昆明小鼠经口灌胃,空白对照组以蒸馏水灌胃,30 d后全部小鼠颈椎脱臼处死,快速取出肝、脑组织并测定其中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)的活性和丙二醛(MDA)的含量。结果显示:低剂量石榴籽油试验组小鼠肝、脑组织中SOD、GSH-PX等抗氧化酶活性明显高于正常对照组(p0.05),而脑中的MDA含量明显低于正常对照组(p0.05)。表明适当剂量石榴籽油可以增强机体的抗氧化机能,从而延缓衰老的发生。     

黑蒜抗氧化活性研究

研究黑蒜的抗氧化活性.对144只老龄小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、阳性对照组(Vc组)、黑蒜低剂量组(65mg/kg)、黑蒜中剂量组(260mg/kg)、黑蒜高剂量组(650mg/kg)、白蒜低剂量组(65mg/kg)、白蒜中剂量组(260mg/kg)、白蒜高剂量(650mg/kg)组等9组,干预30d后,以溴化幕油灌喂小鼠,制造氧化损伤模型后,分别测定小鼠血液、肝脏组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GsH-Px)的活性.黑蒜可以显著降低血液和肝脏组织中丙二醛的含量,提高组织中抗氧化酶的活性,黑蒜降低丙二醛含量和提高GSH-Px活性的作用明显好于大蒜和阳性对照.结论:黑蒜具有较强的抗氧化活性,抗氧化作用明显好于白蒜.     

萝卜籽油特性及其对小鼠的通便作用

本文研究了萝卜籽油的组成及其对小鼠的通便作用。通过化学方法测定了萝卜籽油的各项理化指标、脂肪酸组成及多种活性物质含量;以高、中、低三个浓度的萝卜籽油喂食小鼠及便秘模型小鼠,检测小鼠排便重量、粒数、首粒排黑便时间、墨汁推进率。结果表明:萝卜籽油含多种脂肪酸,其中芥酸含量为36.18%,亚麻酸20.22%、油酸19.80%、亚油酸12.35%,其余脂肪酸含量很少;油脂中的不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的88.74%。萝卜籽油中含有维生素E 1.5984 mg/g、莱菔素55.35 mg/kg、甾醇14.3201 mg/g。用25%~100%的萝卜籽油取代基础饲料中的大豆油,有明显促进小鼠排便的作用。灌胃1.0 g~3.0 g/(kg·bw)萝卜籽油,具有明显改善便秘小鼠通便及推动便秘小鼠小肠蠕动的作用。2.0 g~3.0 g/(kg·bw)萝卜籽油几乎可以达到治愈小鼠便秘的目的。萝卜籽油品质优良,具有通便作用,开发前景广阔。     

黑老虎籽功能成分分析及其应用前景展望

对黑老虎籽的主要功能成分进行分析。研究结果表明:黑老虎籽中粗多糖的含量为2.68 g/100 g,总黄酮(以芦丁计)的含量为1.84 g/100 g,总皂苷(以人参皂苷计)的含量为0.21 g/100 g。还含有维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C、维生素D、维生素E,以及丰富的矿质元素,特别是人体必需的微量元素铁、锌、硒。黑老虎籽中共含有12种脂肪酸,其中,不饱和脂肪酸含量占脂肪酸总量的87.19%,亚油酸的含量占不饱和脂肪酸的比例高达81.18%。除此之外,黑老虎籽中还包括16种氨基酸,其中7种为人体的必需氨基酸,9种为非必需氨基酸,氨基酸的种类较为齐全。由此可见,黑老虎籽可以开发具有抗氧化、抗疲劳、延缓衰老、降血脂、降血压、调节中枢神经、提高免疫力等功能的保健食品。     

沙棘原花青素软胶囊对酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

沙棘原花青素软胶囊(沙棘籽提取物、沙棘油、紫苏籽油组方)按人群推荐摄入量(人均3g/d)确定摄入剂量为0.05g/kg·BW(成人体重均值以60kg计),并按照人群推荐日摄入量的10,20,30倍设置低、中、高3个剂量组(即0.5,1.0,1.5g/kg·BW),连续灌胃SPF级昆明种小鼠30d后,以50%乙醇建立雄性小鼠化学性肝损伤模型,16h后测定各项指标。结果显示各剂量组间小鼠体重增长均无显著性差异(P0.05);在模型成立的情况下,高剂量组小鼠肝匀浆中MDA和TG含量显著降低(P0.05),还原性GSH含量显著升高(P0.05);病理组织学显示,高剂量组能显著减轻肝脏脂肪变性程度(P0.05)。说明沙棘原花青素软胶囊对酒精性肝损伤有保护作用。     

烟籽油成分分析及体内抗氧化作用研究

采用压榨的方法制取烟籽油,样品甲酯化和皂化后,GC-MS检测甲酯化产物和不皂化物。建立小鼠D-半乳糖氧化损伤模型,后给予不同剂量烟籽油进行干预,测定血清MDA,肝脏GSH、GSH-Px、蛋白质羰基的含量,评定其体内抗氧化功能。结果表明,烟籽油中包含2种饱和脂肪酸、3种不饱和脂肪酸、8种甾醇。不饱和脂肪酸的含量高达88.53%,总甾醇含量达到12.14 mg/g。抗氧化试验结果表明烟籽油能显著提高肝脏GSH含量和GSH-Px活性,降低血清MDA及肝脏蛋白质羰基的含量。烟籽油是一种很好的新食用油原料,且表现出显著抗氧化活性。     

提取方法对奇亚籽油品质特性的影响

以奇亚籽为原料,分别采用压榨法、溶剂浸提法、水酶法和超临界CO₂萃取法提取奇亚籽油,对比分析不同方法提取奇亚籽油的理化性质、脂肪酸组成、油脂氧化稳定性、酚类物质含量及体外抗氧化能力等品质特性。结果表明:4种方法中,超临界CO₂萃取法的油脂得率最高(85.5%),其次是溶剂浸提法(65.8%)和压榨法(40.9%),水酶法最低(33.2%)。超临界CO₂萃取的奇亚籽油品质最佳,色泽为黄值70红值4.3灰值0.3,酸价为1.10 mg KOH/g、过氧化值为0.0137 g/100 g,含有不饱和脂肪酸总质量分数为88.22%,其中亚油酸18.36%,亚麻酸69.86%;其氧化速度最慢在30 h后过氧化值达到0.25 g/100 g;总酚含量为106.45 mg/kg,黄酮含量为222.09 mg/kg。超临界CO₂萃取的奇亚籽油在相同质量浓度下的DPPH自由基清除能力(IC₅₀ 28.04 mg/mL)与ABTS+·清除能力(IC₅₀ 33.70 mg/mL)优于压榨法、溶剂浸提法和水酶法;对超氧阴离子自由基清除能力(IC₅₀ 10.08 mg/mL)优于溶剂浸提法、水酶法,略低于压榨法。     

西藏大花黄牡丹籽油的提取及品质评价

采用超声波辅助正己烷提取法对西藏大花黄牡丹籽油脂进行提取工艺正交设计优化,对其主要理化指标进行测定,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对其脂肪酸组成进行分析。结果表明,西藏大花黄牡丹籽去壳样品含油量为(39.51±1.04)%,带壳样品含油量为(28.26±1.22)%;油脂提取最优工艺为处理温度60℃、超声提取时间50 min、超声功率160 W、样品粒度100目、液料比12 mL/g,在此条件下,油脂提取率为(38.24±0.63)%。大花黄牡丹籽油的碘价(153.234±2.963)gI/100 g,酸价(1.521±0.062)mgKOH/g,皂化价(186.398±3.531)mgKOH/g,过氧化值(1.406±0.069)mmol/kg,折光指数(1.470±0.013)nD 20℃,处于LS/T 3242—2014优质水平。籽油中VE以γ-生育酚为主,总含量550.27 mg/kg,β-谷甾醇4.94μg/mL,岩藻甾醇4.33μg/mL,角鲨烯153.67g/mL。共检测出20种脂肪酸组分,主要为油酸、亚麻酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸,其中大花黄牡丹籽油中含不饱和脂肪酸6种,占其脂肪酸总量的87.44%,其中含3种单不饱和脂肪酸,占41.40%,多不和脂肪酸为3种,占46.04%,亚麻酸占总脂肪酸的29.90%;饱和脂肪酸占其总量的12.56%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press