Interference Cancellation with Space Diversity for Downlink MC-CDMA Systems

Modern wireless communications require an efficient spectrum usage and high channel capacity and throughput. Multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO), Linear equalizers, multi-user detection and multicarrier code-division multiple access (MC-CDMA) are possible solutions to achieve spectral efficiency, high channel capacity, eliminate multiple access interference (MAI), eliminate Inter symbol interference (ISI) and robustness against frequency selective fading. In this paper, we combine all these techniques and investigate BER performance. We propose a low complexity receiver structure for Single-input Multiple-output (SIMO) downlink MC-CDMA systems. It employs an interference cancellation scheme to suppress the interference caused by the multipath fading channel. Also, the proposed scheme is developed for MIMO MC-CDMA system. The performance analysis of Downlink MIMO MC-CDMA systems with V-BLAST over frequency selective fading channel is investigated under various number of transmit and receive antennas. The simulation results show proposed SIMO equalization with parallel interference cancellation scheme is effective in reducing the ISI and the MAI. It improves the performance significantly and the simulation results show that MIMO MC-CDMA with V-BLAST multi-user detection provides high data rate and the BER significant improvement.     

基于复小波包的MC-CDMA系统及上行链路性能分析

文章在分析多载波扩频码分多址的基础上，利用优化生成的复小波包及变换，研究了一种基于复小波包的多载波CDMA系统在多径瑞利衰落环境下的上行链路性能。仿真结果表明该系统要优于通常的MC-CDMA系统和基于实小波包变换的MC-CDMA系统，具有良好的抗衰落能力。并采用多天线分集接收技术进一步完善系统性能，从而增强了系统抗多径干扰和多址干扰的能力，且得到了更低的误码率。     

频谱失配下的变换域通信系统基函数优化设计

针对频谱失配条件下变换域通信系统接收端误码性能下降的问题,提出了一种新的基函数优化设计方法。该方案可针对不同失配情况动态设计基函数的可用频点,实现频谱失配条件下系统抗干扰性能和频带利用率的最优化权衡，从而提升频谱失配条件下系统的误码性能。首先，建立远距离变换域通信系统模型，分析收发端电磁干扰环境。其次，通过分析频谱失配条件下基函数性能,理论推导系统误码率表达式,进而建立基函数幅度谱的最优化模型,并采用最速下降法进行最优解的搜索。仿真结果表明,与现有方法相比,本文所提方法更合理的设计了基函数幅度谱,在不同失配率下系统的抗干扰性能有明显提升,同时具有更好的信噪比误码性能。      

Quality of Service Aware Inter Carrier Interference Mitigation and Antenna Selection Schemes for Beyond 4G Systems

Future broadband wireless communication systems demand high quality of service (QoS) for anytime anywhere multimedia applications. The standards which use orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) coupled with multi input multi output (MIMO) are expected to rule the future wireless world. Time selective nature of the channel introduces inter carrier interference (ICI), which is the major performance limiting parameter in OFDM based systems. ICI causes loss in spectral efficiency and results in poor bit error rate (BER) performance, affecting the QoS of MIMO-OFDM systems. The conventional single input single output (SISO)-OFDM-flexible subcarrier spacing (FSS) system offers better performance than the fixed subcarrier spacing systems in terms of ICI mitigation. But BER and spectral efficiency performance of SISO-OFDM-FSS is not good enough to satisfy the requirements of future wireless broadband services. To improve the BER performance, SISO-OFDM system is replaced by space frequency block coded (SFBC)-OFDM system, which adds spatial and frequency diversity benefits to the conventional system. More number of antennas in the MIMO scheme increases the hardware cost, computational complexity and percentage of overhead. In the present study, to improve the spectral efficiency and to reduce the complexity and cost, optimal transmit antenna selection (OTAS) is combined with the SFBC-OFDM-FSS scheme. The simulation results prove that the proposed SFBC-OFDM-FSS-OTAS scheme offers better QoS than the conventional SISO-OFDM-FSS scheme.     

用于克服MIMO信道时变性的去相关自举均衡器

本文提出了一种用于克服MIMO信道时变性的自举均衡器.本文首先提出了用于MIMO通信系统的去相关均衡算法,该算法利用通信信源的统计特性实现不同源信号之间的去相关,从而克服了MIMO系统的同信道干扰.接着本文将去相关均衡算法用于时变的MIMO系统,提出了用于克服MIMO信道时变性的自举均衡器.该均衡器仅利用其输入信号来对时变的MIMO系统进行均衡,在仅增加很小的运算量的条件下,大大克服了因信道时变而在常规均衡器输出端产生的同信道干扰,提高了系统的误码性能.仿真实验证实,本文提出的去相关MIMO自举均衡器克服了信道时变的影响,明显改善了接收机的误码性能.     

一种改进的基于二维扩频的WCDMA非Rake接收机

针对WCDMA发射的扩频信号,不同于传统的Rake接收算法,本文采用变换域处理技术,提出了一种充分利用多径能量的二维扩频接收技术。分析了这种充分利用多径能量的二维扩频接收机的算法复杂度。通过计算机仿真,比较了传统的Rake接收算法、充分利用多径能量的二维扩频接收算法的误码率性能。结果表明,在Rake接收机难以精确分辨信道中的每条多径的情况下,使用充分利用多径能量的二维扩频接收机具有更好的误码率性能。     

A New Method of Generating Spectral Nulls at the Transmitter in Cognitive Radio

In cognitive radio (CR), cognitive users can sense the wholes and white spectrum and generate spectrum notch in the spectrum bands occupied by primary users (PUs) or interference. Thus, the key technology in CR is to control the spectrum shape of the transmitted signal to avoid PUs and interference. In this paper, a new method of shaping the transmitted signal spectrum envelope by spectrum-spread technology is proposed. The proposed method can generate spectral nulls at the band of PUs or interference in the CR environment. Compared to the existing methods generating spectrum nulls, the proposed method can effectively generate spectral nulls to avoid interference or PUs only by designing the pseudo-random code waveform (PCW) based on direct sequence spread spectrum technology. The condition of electromagnetic spectrum occupation is detected by CR technology so as to construct an ideal spectrum template. Based on the spectrum template, we study the design of the baseband waveform. The bit error rate (BER) performance of the proposed method in different sorts of interferences, and the relation between the BER and the spectrum overlap degree (SOD) are derived, of which the concept of SOD is proposed. The expression between BER and SOD shows that BER is proportional to SOD, which shows the criterion to design the PCW. The signal spectrograms in the receiver in presence of tone jamming and BPSK jamming indicate that the proposed scheme can effectively generate spectrum nulls in the frequency band occupied by PUs or interference. Furthermore, the BER versus SNR and BER versus SIR simulation results both in presence of tone jamming and BPSK jamming show that the proposed method has a significantly improved the BER performance by generating spectral nulls to avoid PUs or interferences. Simulation results are carried out to corroborate our theoretical analysis.     

基于空时编码和优化多带复小波的MC-CDMA系统及性能

提出一种基于多带复小波和空时编码的多载波CDMA系统,研究了其在瑞利衰落信道下的误比特性能。理论分析和仿真结果表明该系统要明显优于通常MC-CDMA系统,具有与采用循环前缀(CP)的MC-CDMA相比较的优势,而且能够克服通常MC-CDMA系统插入CP所带来能量的减少和频谱效率的降低。同时空时编码技术的应用,显著增强了系统抗多径干扰和多址干扰的能力,进一步提高了系统性能。     

基于STBC的MIMO OFDM系统中的I/Q不平衡及CFO的联合均衡策略

基于STBC方案,针对MIMO OFDM通信系统中同时存在发射机和接收机I/Q不平衡、前端滤波器失配、CFO和频率选择性信道失真的组合影响进行了深入研究,并提出了一种适用的联合均衡策略;具体实现是首先通过对MIMO OFDM系统中只存在发射机I/Q不平衡和多径信道干扰的分析,得到一种频域均衡器;然后再考虑同时存在接收机I/Q不平衡和CFO的情况,得到了2个时域均衡器;最后把2个时域均衡器变换到频域,并结合消除发射机I/Q不平衡和多径信道干扰的频域均衡技术,提出了一种全面的联合均衡技术即频域子载波均衡器。仿真结果表明,针对MIMO OFDM系统提出的频域子载波均衡技术不仅能扩展到其他高阶STBC系统,而且使均衡后的系统BER性能得到了明显的提高。     

信息驱动DS/FH通信系统性能分析

扩跳频通信技术以其良好的抗干扰能力广泛地应用于现代军事与民用通信中,但其频谱效率不够高。因此本文给出了一种信息驱动扩跳频(MD-DS/FH)通信系统模型,即在发射机中的跳频图案不再由传统的跳频码发生器驱动,而由所传输的部分信息数据来代替,并且接收机釆用包络检测器对载波频率进行盲检测。本文推导了AWGN与Rayleigh衰落信道下系统的误比特率公式,给出了闭合表达式,并通过仿真验证了理论推导的正确性。理论分析与仿真结果表明,所给通信系统在提高扩跳频通信系统频谱效率的同时,也提高了系统的误比特率和抗阻塞噪声干扰性能。      

基于正交PSWF的DS-BPSK多址调制方法

针对现有的多址超宽带系统中多用户干扰严重的问题,提出了一种使用正交椭圆球面波函数(PSWF)脉冲的直扩二进制移相键控(DS-BPSK)多址调制方法。该方法中每个用户使用的脉冲是相互正交的,当系统同步良好时,接收机可以完全消除多用户干扰,从而显著提高系统的误码率(BER)性能。同时,PSWF脉冲具有频谱灵活可控性,可使该系统满足美国联邦通讯委员会(FCC)频谱掩膜条件。仿真结果表明,与使用单一脉冲的DS-BPSK多址调制相比,该方法能有效降低系统BER,提高了系统的抗干扰能力。     

Analysis of receiver algorithms for lte LTE SC-FDMA based uplink MIMO systems

This letter derives mathematical expressions for the received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of uplink Single Carrier (SC) Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) multiuser MIMO systems. An improved frequency domain receiver algorithm is derived for the studied systems, and is shown to be significantly superior to the conventional linear MMSE based receiver in terms of SINR and bit error rate (BER) performance.     

Performance Analysis of the Downlink CP-WCDMA System with Turbo Code in Frequency Domain

Modern wireless communications require an efficient spectrum usage and high channel capacity and high throughput. Turbo code, linear equalizers, multi-user detection and wideband code-division multiple access (WCDMA) are possible solutions to achieve spectral efficiency, high channel capacity, eliminate MAI, eliminate ISI and robustness against frequency selective fading. In this paper, we combine all these techniques and investigate BER performance. We propose a low complexity receiver structure for Single-input Single-output downlink cyclic prefix CP-WCDMA systems. It employs frequency domain interference cancellation schemes to mitigate the interference caused by the multipath fading channel. Also, the proposed scheme is developed for the downlink Turbo code CP-WCDMA system to maximize the throughput of the proposed system.     

基于优化多带复小波的多载波CDMA及反向链路性能

在分析多载波码分多址的原理基础上,利用优化生成的多带复小波,提出了一种基于优化多带复小波的多载波CDMA系统反向链路模型,并采用基于多天线的空间分集合并(SDC)技术进一步完善所提系统.该系统可利用优化多带复小波的优良特性来避免通常多载波CDMA由于插入循环前缀所带来的频谱效率的下降,在此基础上我们研究了所提系统采用空间分集合并技术时在瑞利衰落信道下的反向链路性能;给出相应的误比特率分析.理论分析和仿真结果表明采用基于最大比合并的SDC技术可显著提高所提系统抗空间衰落和各种干扰的能力,而且基于SDC技术的所提系统要好于同样基于SDC技术的通常多载波CDMA系统和基于实小波包的多载波CDMA系统.     

Uplink performance of CWP-MC-CDMA with Space Diversity Combining technique over Rayleigh fading channel

In this paper, a Complex Wavelet Packet （CWP-MC-CDMA） system uplink model is proposed, based Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access based on the analysis of the principle of MC-CDMA and the use of the optimized complex wavelet packet. Considering that the base station can adopt multiple re- ceiver antennas in the uplink, we employ the Space Diversity Combining （SDC） technique to improve the sys- tem pertbrmance via multiple antennas. The uplink performance of proposed CWP-MC-CDMA system with SDC technique is investigated over Rayleigh lading channel, and corresponding bit error rate analysis is given in detail. The system can avoid the decrease of spectrum efficiency of conventional MC-CDMA due to inserting cyclic prefix. Theoretical analysis and simulation result show that the application of SDC technique can improve the CWP-MC-CDMA system ability to combat spatial lading and various interferences effectively. Moreover, the proposed system based on SDC technique has superior Bit Error Rate （BER） performance over the Discrete Fourier Transform （DFT） and SDC based MC-CDMA system and the real wavelet packet and SDC based MC-CDMA system.     

Link selection based on switching between full‐duplex and half‐duplex modes

Multiple‐input multiple‐output systems can achieve a full sum rate (SR) via full duplex (FD). However, its performance is degraded by self‐interference (SI) that occurs between the transmitter and receiver at the same node and thus is constrained by error floors. Conversely, half duplex (HD) can avoid the SI albeit at lower spectral efficiency, and the slope of its error curve is determined by the diversity order. In this study, a link selection scheme based on switching between FD and HD is examined as a simple method to improve the bit error rate (BER) performance of FD systems. In the proposed link selection algorithm, either FD or HD is selected based on the received minimum distance and signal‐to‐interference plus noise ratio. Simulation results indicate that the proposed hybrid FD/HD switching system offers significant BER performance improvement when compared with that of the conventional FD and FD based on only the received minimum distance under the same fixed SR. Under relatively sufficient SI cancellation, it is demonstrated to outperform the HD with a diversity advantage in low and medium signal‐to‐noise ratio region.     

A Comparison of Frequency-Domain Block MIMO Transmission Systems

Block transmission techniques, with appropriate cyclic prefix and frequency-domain processing schemes, have been shown to be excellent candidates for digital transmission over severely time-dispersive channels, allowing good performance with implementation complexity that is much lower than traditional time-domain processing schemes. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation is the most popular block transmission technique. Single-carrier (SC) modulation using frequency-domain equalization (FDE) is an attractive alternative approach based on this principle. In this paper, we propose two new receiver structures for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) channels employing SC (MIMO-SC) modulation and FDE schemes. These receivers have a hybrid structure with frequency-domain feedforward and time-domain feedback filters for intersymbol interference (ISI) and interference cancellation. The proposed schemes are compared with different MIMO systems employing OFDM modulation (MIMO-OFDM) receivers in terms of performance [bit error rate (BER) and throughput] and complexity. Our performance results show the superiority of MIMO-SC approaches relative to MIMO-OFDM in terms of the BER performance for the simulated scenarios. Also, the simulation results show that the proposed hybrid MIMO-SC receivers yield a higher throughput than a MIMO-OFDM system.     

一种多输入多输出变换域通信系统的设计及其抗干扰性能研究

传统多输入多输出技术可以提高信道容量,但不能解决信号抗干扰问题;而变换域通信系统已经被证明是一种良好的抗干扰通信系统。通过引入变换域处理技术,提出了一种多输入多输出变换域通信系统(MIMO-TDCS),旨在突破传统MIMO系统的应用瓶颈。对其收发信机模型和抗干扰机制作了简要介绍,并通过仿真窄带干扰下的误码率性能,表明MIMO-TDCS是一种可靠的抗干扰通信手段。     

Lightpath routing and spectrum allocation over elastic optical networks in content provisioning with cloud migration

In this paper, an improved receiver based on diversity combining is proposed to improve the bit error rate (BER) performance of layered asymmetrically clipped optical fast orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (ACO-FOFDM) for intensity-modulated and direct-detected (IM/DD) optical transmission systems. Layered ACO-FOFDM can compensate the weakness of traditional ACO-FOFDM in low spectral efficiency, the utilization of discrete cosine transform in FOFDM system instead of fast Fourier transform in OFDM system can reduce the computational complexity without any influence on BER performance. The BER performances of layered ACO-FOFDM system with improved receiver based on diversity combining and DC-offset FOFDM (DCO-FOFDM) system with optimal DC-bias are compared at the same spectral efficiency. Simulation results show that under different optical bit energy to noise power ratios, layered ACO-FOFDM system with improved receiver has 2.86, 5.26 and 5.72 dB BER performance advantages at forward error correction limit over DCO-FOFDM system when the spectral efficiencies are 1, 2 and 3 bits/s/Hz, respectively. Layered ACO-FOFDM system with improved receiver based on diversity combining is suitable for application in the adaptive IM/DD systems with zero DC-bias.     

基于多种调制方式的空时OFDM系统多用户检测技术

建立了基于空时分组码的多输入多输出(MIMO)-正交频分复用(OFDM)系统模型,研究了基于最小均方误差的串行干扰消除(MMSE-SIC)多用户检测算法,通过优化排序迭代结构,使得接收算法具有较好的性能.仿真结果表明,该算法在误码率方面能够取得优于常规线性MMSE算法的性能,而且得出星座图中映射点间距也影响着检测算法的性能,随着间距的缩小,误码概率会上升.