实验——培养学生学习能力的重要手段

化学是一门以实验为基础的学科.实验教学可以激发学生学习化学的兴趣,帮助学生形成化学概念,获得化学知识和实验技能,培养观察和实验能力,还有助于培养实事求是、严肃认真的科学态度和科学的学习方法.充分认识实验教学在化学教学中的地位和作用,切实采取措施加强实验教学,是提高化学教学质量的重要环节.     

工科化学实验教学的改革

大学化学实验教学是化学教学过程中十分重要的教学环节。通过对实验体系及实验内容的改革。更有效地使学生得到科学训练，挖掘学生的创造力，培养创新精神，提高自身综合素质，使化学教育满足培养高素质人才的社会需要。     

初中化学家庭小实验在教学中的重要作用及方法指导

化学，是一门以实验为基础的自然科学，实验教学在初中化学教学中有极其重要的地位，所起的重要作用，是不可替代的。从多年的化学教学实践中，也充分证实了这一点。学习兴趣的培养，知识的理解应用，都离不开实验教学。从实验主体来分，化学实验可分为演示实验与学生分组实验。     

利用物理实验培养学生的综合能力

物理是一门以实验为基础的自然科学,实验在物理教学中的地位和实验本身的特点,决定了它在物理教学中能起到重要的作用.本文从五个方面阐述物理实验在物理教学中的作用:实验教学可以培养学生的兴趣和激发学生的求知欲;实验教学可以将复杂问题简单化;实验教学可以培养学生的各种能力;实验教学可以训练学生的科学方法;实验教学可以培养学生良好的科学素质.     

电路实验教学模式的改革与探索

理论教学与实践教学是高等工科院校人才培养体系的两个重要组成部分,而实践教学又是应用型人才培养的重要手段.通过实践教学可以提高学生分析问题和解决问题的能力,培养学生的创新意识和创新能力.实践性教学环节主要有实验和实习两种方式.实验是通过学生亲自动手操作而获得知识、技能的一种教学方法,如何发挥学生在实验中的主动性和独立性,是搞好实验教学的关键.传统的实验教学把学生看作是被动接受知识的客体,没有认识到学生既是教学的对象,又是学习的主体,没有充分发挥学生在教学过程中的主观能动性.因此,改革实验教学已成为当务之急.     

高师化学师范生化学实验教学技能体系的构建

实验教学是中学化学教学的重要组成部分,实验教学技能则是高师化学师范生必备的教育技能.我国新一轮化学课程改革强调培养学生科学探究的意识与能力,这就对教师的实验教学能力提出了更高的要求,因此,建立系统、完善、科学的实验技能体系对于高师化学师范生全面、系统的掌握化学实验教学技能、规范化学实验教学具有重要作用.     

化学实验数学的探究与创新

化学探究创新实验是化学学科的灵魂,是学生获取直观信息、认识化学世界的窗口,而且是帮助学生认识化学规律、形成化学概念、理解和巩固化学知识、提高各种能力的重要途径.更重要的是,化学实验过程本身就是培养学生创新精神和创新能力的最佳途径,是其它学科所不能替代的.如何在初中化学实验教学中开展创新教育,拓展学生的创造力,这是化学新课程改革的重要课题.     

"三步法"培养高中学生化学实验探究能力

化学实验,尤其是探究性实验,不仅可以成为学生获取直观感性认识,积累直观感性经验的源泉;而H也是培养学生观察能力,让学生亲身体验通过化学实验进行化学规律探索活动的一种重要手段.让学生亲身体验、经历和收获一些科学家的工作方式和思考问题解决问题的方式方法.化学探究性实验不仅可以帮助学生形成概念和理论,了解化学科学的发展进程,培养学生科学的观念及实事求是严肃认真的科学态度,而且还可以培养学生分析问题、解决问题的技能.因此通过探究性实验教学,对培养学生的创新意识和创新思维能力无疑是最有效的方法之一.     

化学实验教学之我见

化学是一门以实验为基础的学科,化学实验时于激发学生学习化学的兴趣,形成化学概念,巩固和理解化学知识,培养学生观察现象、分析问题、解决问题的能力.初步掌握一些常用的化学实验技能,培养学生实事求是、严肃认真的科学态度和科学方法.可见,化学实验既是化学教学的重要手段,又是学习化学的基本方法,也是激发学生学习化学兴趣的源泉.     

以人为本,建设开放性化学实验室

高校教学实验室在提高学生综合素质和培养创新型人才方面具有十分重要的地位与作用,为此,我院化学实验教学中心从教学理念、队伍建设、人才培养等方面入手,就如何以人为本,构建科学、规范、和谐的现代化实验室,进行了有益的探索与尝试.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.