半糊化浆纱技术的上浆机制

半糊化浆纱技术是基于使用淀粉为主浆料、浆纱工艺采用中温调浆、浆槽不加热的一种新型浆纱技术。本文通过采用扫描电镜系统对半糊化浆纱表面淀粉浆料糊化状况、浆纱横截面浆液浸透状况的观察,提出了半糊化上浆技术的机理。研究结果表明,半糊化浆液中含有一定量糊化了的浆液和大量未糊化的淀粉颗粒,完全糊化了的淀粉浆液由于黏度小而容易浸透到纱线内部,大量吸水而未糊化的淀粉颗粒粘附在纤维和纱线表面,浆纱烘燥时,黏附在纤维和纱线表面未糊化的淀粉颗粒破裂被覆到纤维和纱线表面,并与浸透到纤维之间的浆液发生粘结,浸透到纤维之间的糊化浆液成为表面颗粒淀粉糊化后粘附的“根”,使得浆膜对纱线形成了包覆。     

涤棉品种无PVA上浆的实践

研究将QL-89、助剂和氧化淀粉配伍的浆料用于涤棉品种上浆的效果。分析了QL-89浆液的性能;测试了QL-89的浆膜性能;采用QL-89、助剂和氧化淀粉配伍的浆料作为无PVA新配方浆料,与传统含PVA浆料所得浆纱进行织机效率对比。结果表明:QL-89浆膜吸湿率小,生物可降解性好,断裂伸长率大,可满足涤棉品种的上浆需求;无PVA新配方浆料浆纱在喷气织机上的织机效率高于传统含PVA浆料浆纱。认为:采用QL-89、助剂和氧化淀粉配伍的浆料可满足涤棉细号高密织物上浆需求,可降低浆纱成本,提高织机效率。     

乳液多元共聚浆料的合成与性能研究

为了解决PVA浆料难以生物降解的问题,研制开发了可替代PVA的乳液丙烯酸酯共聚浆料.利用红外光谱仪对合成的多元共聚浆料的结构进行了分析确认.对浆液浆膜性能进行了测试,与接枝淀粉、PVA制成混合浆对涤棉混纺纱进行了替代PVA的上浆试验.结果表明:乳液多元共聚浆料具有较低的粘度;与接枝淀粉配合使用对涤棉混纺纱线上浆可完全取代PVA,浆纱耐磨性、强伸性良好.     

NY-05变性淀粉在苎麻织物上浆中的应用

探讨应用NY-05变性淀粉对苎麻织物的上浆工艺,苎麻纱毛羽长,纱线脆硬,浆纱中贴伏毛羽、保持纱线伸长是关键.采用以NY-05变性淀粉62.5 kg、PVA18.5 kg、柔软剂2 kg的配方对苎麻27.8/27.8 205/228品种进行上浆,提高了浆膜的弹性和耐磨性,浆纱毛羽明显减少,织机效率显著提高,用浆成本降低,经济效益显著.     

JCS-12浆料的上浆性能分析

将JCS-12变性淀粉浆料与PVA、变性淀粉、聚丙烯酸类浆料按不同比例混合用于浆纱,对混合浆的浆液、浆膜、浆纱性能及上浆效果进行了分析比较。结果表明JCS-12浆料性能良好,可部分取代PVA浆料。     

低上浆率浆料JD-L的应用

探讨JD-L浆料性能和浆纱性能。对比测试了JD-L浆料与普通变性淀粉浆料的浆液、浆膜性能,以JD-L替代PVA作为新配方与原配方浆纱质量、织造效果进行对比。测试结果表明:JD-L浆料浆液对纯棉粗纱黏附性较好,浆膜具有一定的断裂强度和较好的断裂伸长率;JD-L浆料取代PVA作为新配方进行浆纱,上浆率较原配方下降21.15%～54.18%,同时浆纱耐磨伸长满足织造需要,浆纱织机效率可达到90%以上。认为:JD-L能够实现纯棉织物经纱低上浆率上浆,实现无PVA上浆,保证织机效率。     

特细号高密织物上浆工艺分析

为提高特细号高密织物的上浆效果,应采用以低粘度变性淀粉为主浆料的配方,以低聚合度PVA取代高聚合度PVA-1799,减少PVA浆膜强韧对浆纱毛羽的不利影响;通过降低浆液粘度,可以减轻压浆力,减少能耗;在浆纱性能指标中相对于浆纱增强率、减伸率来说应更重视浆纱的耐磨性及毛羽.     

KOLLOTEX 5马铃薯酯化变性淀粉浆料的性能分析

对KOLLOTEX5马铃薯酯化变性淀粉浆料的浆液和浆膜性能进行了测试分析,对加入KOLLOTEX5降低混合浆中PVA用量的配方进行了浆纱试验。结果表明该浆料对涤/棉混纺纱具有良好的粘附性,在T/C 13 tex涤棉纱上浆中可部分取代PVA,浆纱效果良好。     

新型浆纱机结构与性能对浆纱毛羽的影响

探讨新型浆纱机结构与性能对浆纱毛羽的影响.通过分析对比压浆力、压浆辊硬度、压浆辊表面状况、浆纱速度等上浆工艺参数对浆纱毛羽的影响,测试烘燥温度、分层预烘方式等烘燥工艺参数对浆纱毛羽的影响,分析应用湿分绞装置、预湿上浆装置对浆纱毛羽的影响,认为:新型浆纱机配置双浸双压浆槽、高质量的压浆辊进行高速高压上浆,利用具有防粘涂层的烘筒进行分层预烘、采用能自动调控浆液浓度的预湿浆槽进行上浆,使浆液浸润均匀,浆膜被覆完整,有效地保障了浆纱毛羽的减少,提高了浆纱质量.     

麻类牛仔布经纱上浆技术

介绍了麻棉牛仔布经纱的上浆工艺，指出：在生产麻棉牛仔布时，麻棉经纱必须经过碱处理，以提高纱线的上浆性能及成品布的光泽、柔软性，降低麻纤维对人体的刺痒感；采用被覆性变性淀粉DM818 渗透性变性淀粉DM828 PVA为主的浆液配方，并适当增加润滑；在浆纱工艺上，采用加湿分绞棒、分层预烘、保伸长、增回潮的工艺，最大限度地避免了毛羽再生，使浆膜的完整度更高，增加麻棉纱线的可织性。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the