铝合金板材磁脉冲辅助U形弯曲过程回弹数值模拟分析

目的揭示铝合金板材磁脉冲辅助弯曲成形对回弹的影响机理。方法基于两种磁脉冲辅助成形方案,采用数值模拟软件LS-DYNA,建立磁脉冲辅助U形弯曲的有限元模型。结果与准静态成形相比,磁脉冲辅助U形弯曲成形能减小板料圆角区的残余应力,方案Ⅰ板料圆角区等效塑性应变大于方案Ⅱ板料圆角区的等效塑性应变;电磁体积力能有效减小回弹,且放电能量越大,回弹角越小;磁脉冲辅助U形弯曲成形能减小板料的弹性应变能。结论相同放电电压下,方案Ⅰ的回弹控制效果好于方案Ⅱ的回弹控制效果。磁脉冲辅助U形弯曲减小回弹的主要原因是板料圆角区残余应力的减小和弹性应变能的降低。     

镁合金板材磁脉冲成形研究进展

轻量化是汽车、航空航天、电子电器等工业领域发展的重要目标之一.镁合金作为重要的轻合金材料,在比强度、减振能力、可回收性等方面都有明显优势.磁脉冲成形技术是一种利用磁场力使金属坯料变形的高速率成形技术,可显著提高材料的成形性能.针对AZ31镁合金板材高速率本构关系建立、室温/温热磁脉冲成形、温热与驱动耦合磁脉冲成形和磁脉...     

预变形对LY12铝合金板热处理后晶粒度的影响

为了制定合理的铝合金板多道次成形工艺,需确定每道次的粗晶临界应变.通过将单向拉伸试件拉伸到不同预应变,然后热处理测定晶粒度的方法,分别研究了不同预变形对退火和淬火热处理后LY12铝合金板晶粒度的影响.结果表明,不同预变形对退火热处理后晶粒度无影响;对淬火热处理后晶粒度影响显著,而且存在一个临界应变,当预应变大于该临界应变时,晶粒突然长大.对于包铝层,该临界应变小于0.8%;对于基体,该临界应变在4%左右.对于LY12铝合金板多道次成形工艺设计,退火前道次极限变形量的制定不需考虑粗晶影响,淬火前道次变形量的制定需考虑粗晶临界应变.     

镁合金板材成形极限图(FLD)的实验研究

首次利用电蚀网格法,在BCS-30D板材成形性试验机上进行镁合金板材成形实验,利用先进的ASAME自动应变测量系统进行应变测量分析,测试镁合金板材的成形极限图(FLD).实验表明,室温下AZ31B镁合金冷轧态板材的力学性能和冲压性能不佳,难以完成成形极限图的测试,不具备成形加工能力;热轧态镁合金板材具有一定的塑性和成形性能,并测试了其成形极限图.成形极限曲线FLC的测试对制订镁合金板材的冲压成形工艺提供了理论依据.     

铝合金板材热塑性变形行为研究

为了研究铝合金板材的热塑性变形行为,进行了热态胀形试验,获取了不同温度及压力率下的胀形压力-高度曲线,分析了压力率对胀形高度的影响规律.基于同一压力率、不同温度下胀形压力与等效应变之间的关系,提出胀形压力关于等效应变及压力率的拟合方程,同时获得压力率和应变率之间的函数关系.试验结果表明,板材充液热成形工艺过程中,压力率对金属材料的变形行为影响显著,同时压力率能够表征材料成形过程中的变形快慢.     

不同热处理状态铝合金在电磁成形条件下的成形性研究

目的 研究不同热处理状态下多种铝合金在准静态拉伸和电磁单向拉伸条件下的成形性能,并探究其中机理.方法 选择不同牌号(1060,3003,5052)和不同热处理状态(加工硬化态和完全退火态)的铝合金材料,获得材料在准静态和电磁成形条件下材料的成形性能,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)对1060铝合金试样进行显微断口和微观组织分析.采用数值仿真方法,获取板料和线圈的最佳相对位置.结果 与退火态材料相比,在电磁成形条件下加工硬化态材料的成形性能提高得更多,特别是在1060铝合金中,退火态试样准静态拉伸的伸长率和动态拉伸的伸长率几乎一致,而H24态试样的动态拉伸伸长率(20.2％)为准静态拉伸(5.1％)的3.96倍.扫描断口发现电磁成形断裂面更窄,韧窝大小更均匀.1060-O试样电磁成形后,晶粒内部位错密度低,微观结构主要为亚晶.1060-H24试样电磁成形后的组织中位错密度较高,出现位错胞.结论 加工硬化态材料中存在的初始缺陷有利于电磁成形过程中位错的产生和交滑移的发生,从而提高合金成形性.     

AZ31 镁合金板材气体胀形的模拟及成形极限的预测

建立了300℃下AZ31镁合金板材气体胀形实验方法的有限元模型,并对板材胀形过程进行了仿真分析。基于板材应变历史分析,以二阶主应变转折点作为判别准则,预测了板材成形极限应变。通过模拟结果与实验结果的对比,分析解释了不同尺寸试样的变形情况。     

一种预测左半部成形极限图的简单方法

板材成形性能的评价一般基于成形极限图(FLD).然而,无论是经由理论计算还是实验方法来获得成形极限图依然很困难而且很耗时.提出了一种预测深拉延部分成形极限图的新方法.假设对所有钢板来说其成形极限图的形状几乎都是一样的,而深拉延变形区域内其失效厚度应变也几乎一样,据此可利用体积不变原理推导出主应变和次应变之间的关系.结果表明,根据此方法计算的左半侧(拉深应变区)成形极限图与实验获得的FLD基本一致.     

不锈钢外板对 2219 铝合金拼焊板胀形性能的影响

目的现有2219铝合金板材宽度不能满足大型复杂曲面件整体流体高压成形需要,仍需采用焊接方法制备成形坯料,焊缝的存在导致铝合金拼焊板整体性能不均匀,影响成形性能及壁厚分布。方法提出2219铝合金拼焊板的双层板流体高压成形方法,采用1.8 mm厚铝合金拼焊板作为内层板,1mm厚不锈钢板作为外层板,进行双层板胀形实验研究。对比分析了单层板与双层板条件下2219铝合金拼焊板的成形极限、应变及壁厚分布。结果外层板的存在能够使板材的极限成形高度和极限应变增加,同时使壁厚分布更加均匀。结论双层板之间存在界面摩擦,可以提高内层拼焊板的成形极限、改善壁厚分布。     

基于GISSMO断裂准则的6016铝合金断裂行为研究

目的 研究零部件在成形与碰撞过程中,6016铝合金在不同应力状态下的断裂行为。方法 通过准静态拉伸实验,获得了6016铝合金的基本力学性能。利用Nakajima成形极限实验,获得了6016铝合金材料的断裂成形极限曲线。设计了7种涵盖成形及碰撞过程中应力状态的断裂极限测试试样,采用数字图像相关技术(DIC)记录了试样在变形过程中的全场应变。利用实验-有限元反求方法标定了6016铝合金的GISSMO断裂准则的参数,并用帽形件三点弯曲实验验证了模型的合理性。结果 相比于传统断裂成形极限图的预测结果,基于GISSMO断裂准则的仿真结果与实验具有更好的一致性。结论 所建立的GISSMO模型可以用于预测6016铝合金在复杂应力状态下的断裂行为。     

Formability of AA 2219-O sheet under quasi-static,electromagnetic dynamic,and mechanical dynamic tensile loadings

The mechanism by which electromagnetic forming(EMF)enhances the formability of metals is unclear owing to the coupling effect of multi-physics fields.In the present work,the associated formability improvement mechanisms were qualitatively categorized and illustrated.This was realized by com-paring the formability of fully annealed 2219 aluminum alloy(AA 2219-O)sheet under quasi-static(QS),electromagnetic dynamic(EM),and mechanical dynamic(MD)tensile loadings.It was found that the forming limit of AA 2219-O sheet under EM tensile loading was significantly(45.4％)higher than that under QS tensile loading,and was marginally(3.7％-4.3％)higher than that under MD tensile loading.In addition,the forming limit of AA 2219-O sheet demonstrated a negative dependency on the strain rate within the range of the dynamic tensile tests conducted.The deformation conditions common to EM and MD tensile loadings were responsible for the significant formability improvement compared with QS tensile loading.In particular,the inertial effect was dominant.The different deformation conditions that distinguish EM tensile loading from MD tensile loading resulted in the marginal improvement in formability.This was caused by the absence of a sustaining contact force at the later deformation stage and the lower strain rate.The body force exerted little influence on the formability improvement,and the thermal effect under the two dynamic tensile loadings was negligible.     

温成形中铝合金板成形极限图的预测研究

在铝合金板温成形数值仿真中,成形极限图是判断材料颈缩失效和评价温冲压成形能力的基础.提出了一种温成形条件下铝合金板成形极限图的理论预测方法.采用曲线拟合方法建立了Al5083-O铝合金板应变硬化指数、应变率硬化指数随成形温度的变化规律;采用M-K理论模型,结合Logan-Hosford屈服函数计算获得温成形条件下铝合金板的成形极限图.计算结果与实验数据吻合较好,证实了温成形条件下铝板成形极限图的理论预测方法是正确的.     

Formability of continuous cast 5052 alloy thin sheets

The formability of continuous cast 5052 alloy thin sheets from two different process schedules was examined. One was prepared in the laboratory by cold-rolling from a continuous cast thick plate followed by annealing (lab-processed sheet), and the other was produced by a new process involving hot-rolling followed immediately by in-line annealing (in-line annealed sheet). Tensile test results indicate that all the lab-processed sheets exhibit evident yield behavior. Increasing rolling reduction results in an increase of strength and a decrease of ductility in the lab-processed sheets due to increasing contribution of centerline segregation of second-phase particles. Both the lab-processed sheets annealed at 400 °C for 90 min and the in-line annealed sheets exhibit tensile elongation of more than 20% and two-stage strain hardening behavior. Compared with the lab-processed sheets, the in-line annealed sheet annealed at 454 °C has higher values of UTS and elongation. Furthermore, forming limit curves were determined. It is found that the level of the forming limit curve of the lab-processed thin sheet is lower than that of conventionally produced 5052-O Al, but close to that of 6111-T4 Al sheet. Moreover, the in-line annealed sheets have higher limit strains than the lab-processed sheets. These results demonstrate that the in-line annealing process results in the production of continuous cast alloy sheet with improved formability.     

Forming limit diagram prediction of AA5052/polyethylene/AA5052 sandwich sheets

Metal–plastic sandwich sheet has received increasing attention in aeronautical, automotive, marine and civil engineering industries due to its lower density, higher specific flexural stiffness, better dent resistance, better sound and vibration damping characteristics. In the present study, an AA5052/polyethylene/AA5052 sandwich sheet is developed and its formabilities are investigated. A numerical simulation method based on the Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman (GTN) damage model is used for simulating the forming process of sandwich sheet, in which the interface conditions between skin sheet and core materials are considered by using the cohesive zone model (CZM). The rigid punch dome tests and the Nakazima forming tests are carried out to build the forming limit diagrams (FLDs) of sandwich sheet. A strain history method is applied to determine the limited strain. Comparisons between predictions and experimental results validate the used numerical simulation method. Finally, the influences of polyethylene’s thickness on the formabilities of sandwich sheet are analyzed. Research results show that: AA5052/polyethylene/AA5052 sandwich sheet has a better formability than monolithic AA5052 sheet and the formability of AA5052/polyethylene/AA5052 sandwich sheet increases with increasing the thickness of polyethylene core layer.     

钛铝合金板材压印成形及接头力学性能实验研究

对钛合金(TA1)和铝合金(Al5052)板材组合进行压印连接的可行性进行了研究,发现压印连接可以有效地实现TA1-TA1组合和Al5052-TA1组合的连接。对所获得的接头进行准静态力学性能测试,并运用扫描电子显微镜对接头拉伸断口进行微观分析。结果表明,压印连接时,钛合金和铝合金的组合能够获得成形性较好的压印接头,TA1-TA1接头的最大载荷和失效位移较Al5052-TA1接头提高了303.8%和49.4%,这两种接头静态失效形式相似,为上板颈部材料首先被破坏,产生裂纹,之后裂纹沿周向逐渐扩展,最终导致整个压印接头断裂。由微观断口可以判断TAl-TA1接头断口处呈现准解理和韧窝形貌,即同时具有韧性断裂和脆性断裂的特征;Al5052-TA1接头断口处呈现直径和深度较大的拉长韧窝,即为韧性断裂。     

Cryorolling and warm forming of AA6061 aluminum alloy sheets

Cryorolling is a severe plastic deformation (SPD) process used to obtain ultrafine-grained aluminum alloy sheets along with higher strength and hardness than in conventional cold rolling, but it results in poor formability. An alternative method to improve both strength and formability of cryorolled sheets by warm forming after cryorolling without any post-heat treatment is proposed in this work. The formability of cryorolled AA6061 Al alloy sheets in the warm working temperature range is characterized in terms of forming limit diagrams (FLDs) and limiting dome height (LDH). Strain distributions and thinning in biaxially stretched samples are studied. Hardness of the formed samples is correlated with ultimate tensile strength to estimate post-forming mechanical properties. The limit strains and LDH have been found to be higher than in the case of the conventional processing route (cold rolled, annealed and formed at room temperature), making this hybrid route capable of producing sheet metal parts of aluminum alloys with high strength and formability. In order to combine the advantages of enhanced formability and better post-forming strength than the conventional cold rolled and annealed sheets, warm forming at 250°C has been found to be suitable for this alloy in the temperature range that has been studied.     

Experimental and numerical evaluation of forming limit diagram for Ti6Al4V titanium and Al6061-T6 aluminum alloys sheets

The forming limit diagram (FLD) is a useful concept for characterizing the formability of sheet metal. In this work, the formability, fracture mode and strain distribution during forming of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy and Al6061-T6 aluminum alloy sheets has been investigated experimentally using a special process of hydroforming deep drawing assisted by floating disc. The selected sheet material has been photo-girded for strain measurements. The effects of process parameters on FLD have been evaluated and simulated using ABAQUS/Standard. Hill-swift and NADDRG theoretical forming limit diagram models are used to specify fracture initiation in the finite element model (FEM) and it is shown that the Hill-swift model gives a better prediction. The simulated results are in good agreement with the experiment.     

A Comparative Study of Friction Self-Piercing Riveting and Self-Piercing Riveting of Aluminum Alloy AA5182-O

In this paper, self-piercing riveting (SPR) and friction self-piercing riveting (F-SPR) processes were employed to join aluminum alloy AA5182-O sheets. Parallel studies were carried out to compare the two processes in terms of joint macrogeometry, tooling force, microhardness, quasi-static mechanical performance, and fatigue behavior. The results indicate that the F-SPR process formed both rivet–sheet interlocking and sheet–sheet solid-state bonding, whereas the SPR process only contained rivet–sheet interlocking. For the same rivet flaring, the F-SPR process required 63% less tooling force than the SPR process because of the softening effect of frictional heat and the lower rivet hardness of F-SPR. The decrease in the switch depth of the F-SPR resulted in more hardening of the aluminum alloy surrounding the rivet. The higher hardness of aluminum and formation of solid-state bonding enhanced the F-SPR joint stiffness under lap-shear loading, which contributed to the higher quasi-static lap-shear strength and longer fatigue life compared to those of the SPR joints.     

铝合金板成形性及成形工艺研究现状

介绍了铝合金板材成形过程中影响其成形性能的主要因素,提高铝合金成形性能的先进成形工艺,以及有限元分析技术在铝合金板成形领域应用中的进展.指出开展对高性能铝合金板成形性能的实验研究与成形工艺有限元数值模拟有利于拓宽高性能铝合金板成形件在高技术领域的应用.