Knowledge integration and sharing for complex product development

Product development is a highly creative and knowledge-intensive process that involves extensive information and knowledge exchange and sharing among geographically distributed teams and developers. How to best integrate such heterogeneous product knowledge has become an extremely important knowledge management (KM) subject associated with product development. Product development knowledge integration and sharing is becoming a key issue in the enterprise KM. This paper addresses the challenges of product development knowledge integration and sharing during product development. The aim of this research work effort is to develop a method to enhance the integration and sharing of product knowledge during the development phase. This study presents a systematic approach to developing knowledge integration and sharing for product development. The proposed approach includes the steps for designing a framework of product development knowledge sharing, developing representation model for product development knowledge, designing product development knowledge sharing process, designing product development knowledge integration ontology, developing knowledge integration and sharing method for product development based on ontology, and implementation of product development knowledge integration and sharing method. The proposed method could bring out an efficient and proactive way for knowledge integration and sharing among product developers in the product development process.     

Graph-based knowledge reuse for supporting knowledge-driven decision-making in new product development

Pre-existing knowledge buried in manufacturing enterprises can be reused to help decision-makers develop good judgements to make decisions about the problems in new product development, which in turn speeds up and improves the quality of product innovation. This paper presents a graph-based approach to knowledge reuse for supporting knowledge-driven decision-making in new product development. The paper first illustrates the iterative process of knowledge-driven decision-making in new product development. Then, a novel framework is proposed to facilitate this process, where knowledge maps and knowledge navigation are involved. Here, OWL ontologies are employed to construct knowledge maps, which appropriately capture and organise knowledge resources generated at various stages of product lifecycle; the Personalised PageRank algorithm is used to perform knowledge navigation, which finds the most relevant knowledge in knowledge maps for a given problem in new product development. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach are demonstrated through a case study and two performance evaluation experiments.     

知识经济时代制造企业的管理变革

知识经济的到来深刻影响着企业的管理。本文论述了传统的制造企业如何在知识经济时代面对知识的竞争，面向知识经济变革管理，改善企业的管理体制，提高企业的竞争力。     

A dynamic knowledge management framework for the high value manufacturing industry

Dynamic knowledge management (KM) is a combination of cultural and technological factors, including the cultural factors of people and their motivations, technological factors of content and infrastructure and, where these both come together, interface factors. In this paper a dynamic KM framework is described in the context of employees being motivated to create profit for their company through product development in high value manufacturing. It is reported how the framework was discussed during a meeting of the collaborating company's (BAE Systems) project stakeholders. Participants agreed the framework would have most benefit at the start of the product lifecycle before key decisions were made. The framework has been designed to support organisational learning and to reward employees that improve the position of the company in the market place.     

The reuse of machining knowledge to improve designer awareness through the configuration of knowledge libraries in PLM

The nature of competition induces the need to constantly improve and perform better. For global aerospace manufacturers, this is as timely an epithet as ever as market forces urge for more growth, better financial return and market position. The macroeconomic aspect is compounded by the growth of product complexity and the need for higher product quality, hence the drive to reduce waste places emphasis upon production costs and the need to improve product performance. This paper focuses upon a rapid development and deployment method that enables the capture and representation of machining knowledge so that it may be shared and reused by design engineers to accelerate the design-make process. The study and mapping of information and knowledge relationships are described and put forward as a lightweight ontology. From this, a set of knowledge document templates were created to facilitate the capture, structuring and sharing of machining knowledge within a collaborative multidisciplinary aerospace engineering environment. An experimental pilot system has been developed to test and demonstrate that knowledge document templates can accelerate the sharing of machining knowledge within an industrial product lifecycle management environment. The results are discussed to provide a case for further development and application within the product domain.     

一种基于知识地图集的知识管理系统模型框架

在分析知识管理、知识管理系统(KMS)的含义和知识地图集技术的特点的基础上，提出了一种基于知识地图集的KMS模型框架，并且分析了该模型框架中知识地图集的组成及功能，讨论了KMS中知识地图集和知识存储之间的关系。依据该模型框架，组织易于构建知识管理系统，实现知识资源的共享与充分运用。最后，通过一个实例分析进一步说明了该模型框架的应用。     

知识管理系统的运用与深化

在知识经济时代,企业已经开始认识到最宝贵的资产是知识,知识不但是生产的关键要素,而且还是企业保持持续竞争优势的重要手段。企业知识管理系统的有效实施,要在正确的思想指导下,建立适于知识共享的组织结构和企业文化,在理解和实施知识管理时必须坚持积累、信任、共享、交流、学习五项原则。知识管理的目标是实现组织总体发展战略,因此知识共享的过程也必须以实现组织战略目标为前提,重视对共享知识的甄选,建立知识共享平台和存储管理单元,引导知识交流,实施奖励政策。     

高校图书馆运用知识管理的对策研究

知识管理是知识经济时代的一种全新的管理思想 .高校图书馆在知识经济和网络化、数字化的背景下 ,应该运用知识管理的思想 ,全面提高高校图书馆员的知识素质 ,确立以“创造性地满足读者需求”的服务新理念 ,构建完善的满足读者需求的服务模式 ,重塑高校图书馆的信息管理模式     

Managing distributed manufacturing knowledge through multi-perspective modelling for semantic web applications

The development and maintenance of semantic web (SW) means that collaborative manufacturing systems are faced with increasing challenges caused by the growing difficulty in managing distributed manufacturing knowledge. This paper presents a multi-perspective modelling approach to systematically manage distributed manufacturing knowledge on the SW. Considering knowledge engineering as a cyclic and constructive modelling process, a multi-perspective knowledge modelling process is proposed to evolve along knowledge elicitation, engineering modelling, UML-based object modelling, OWL-based ontology modelling, knowledge formalisation and OWL-QL assisted knowledge verification activities. The proposed approach is viewed as a promising knowledge management method that facilitates the implementation of computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) in distributed manufacturing for SW applications by integrating the industrial, UML enabled software engineering techniques into recent ontology-based knowledge engineering process. The feasibility of knowledge management through multi-perspective modelling is manifested using the manufacturing ontology for manufacturing electronic connectors.     

A framework for developing engineering design ontologies within the aerospace industry

This paper presents a framework for developing engineering design ontologies within the aerospace industry. The aim of this approach is to strengthen the modularity and reuse of engineering design ontologies to support knowledge management initiatives within the aerospace industry. Successful development and effective utilisation of engineering ontologies strongly depends on the method/framework used to develop them. Ensuring modularity in ontology design is essential for engineering design activities due to the complexity of knowledge that is required to be brought together to support the product design decision-making process. The proposed approach adopts best practices from previous ontology development methods, but focuses on encouraging modular architectural ontology design. The framework is comprised of three phases namely: (1) Ontology design and development; (2) Ontology validation and (3) Implementation of ontology structure. A qualitative research methodology is employed which is composed of four phases. The first phase defines the capture of knowledge required for the framework development, followed by the ontology framework development, iterative refinement of engineering ontologies and ontology validation through case studies and experts’ opinion. The ontology-based framework is applied in the combustor and casing aerospace engineering domain. The modular ontologies developed as a result of applying the framework and are used in a case study to restructure and improve the accessibility of information on a product design information-sharing platform. Additionally, domain experts within the aerospace industry validated the strengths, benefits and limitations of the framework. Due to the modular nature of the developed ontologies, they were also employed to support other project initiatives within the case study company such as role-based computing (RBC), IT modernisation activity and knowledge management implementation across the sponsoring organisation. The major benefit of this approach is in the reduction of man-hours required for maintaining engineering design ontologies. Furthermore, this approach strengthens reuse of ontology knowledge and encourages modularity in the design and development of engineering ontologies.     

基于因特网的知识网框架的构建

介绍了知识网概念 ,从新的角度构建了知识网框架 ,并对知识网运行过程进行了分析 ,总结了知识网的一些基本特征和管理原则 ,提出企业知识网的一些发展方法 ,最后介绍了作者所在课题组开发的一个基于因特网的知识网管理系统 .     

An approach to conceptual and embodiment design within a new product development lifecycle framework

The design of new innovative products is the result of an accurate and precise management of knowledge sources all over its life cycle, such as technology, market, competitors and suppliers. The work contributes with a framework that shows how the knowledge sources influence in the state-of-the-art and market needs so that they become opportunities for innovating products addressing the whole product life cycle. It provides a systematic path from the early generation of ideas to the production of a new product proposal. Through a deep analysis of previous research works of new product innovation life cycle development frameworks and linking it with knowledge management, strategic planning and scorecards, we came out with a structured contribution. The result considers the concurrent activities and its relationships all the way through the product life cycle that can help in creativity and innovation, combined with a process management proposal. Managing the sources of knowledge in highly dynamic markets and technologies is one of the major difficulties involved in innovative products design and development. The emerging knowledge from external sources is confronted with organisation internal knowledge and experience in order to achieve the first product correct.     

基于Web的虚拟企业知识管理系统研究

将虚拟企业的本质视为成员知识联盟,在对虚拟企业知识创造的动态过程和知识转移方式进行了阐述的基础上,构建了虚拟企业的知识管理平台,进而提出了基于Web的虚拟企业知识管理系统的模型框架;模型的核心是知识的产生、分享、应用和创新.该模型符合网络化建模的趋势,并考虑到了虚拟企业的企业文化和组织结构等环境因素对知识管理的支持,通过各种分析工具增强知识创新能力,达到在不确定竞争环境下提升虚拟企业竞争力的目的.     

The Improvement of New Product R&D System in the Scompany Based on the Perspective of Multi-project Management

Taking S Company new product research and development project management as the background,this paper analyzed the problems existing in the process of project management and discussed the approach to improve the way of a new product development project management system.It built the strategic planning to a new product research and development project and its corresponding organization structure model.Finally,it studied resource management and knowledge management in a new product research and development multi-project.     

Framework for implementation of maintenance management in distribution network service providers

Distribution network service providers (DNSP) are companies dealing with network infrastructure, such as distribution of gas, water, electricity or telecommunications, and they require the development of special maintenance management (MM) capabilities in order to satisfy the needs of their customers. In this sector, maintenance management information systems are essential to ensure control, gain knowledge and improve decision making. The aim of this paper is the study of specific characteristics of maintenance in these types of companies. We will investigate existing standards and best management practices with the scope of defining a suitable ad-hoc framework for implementation of maintenance management. The conclusion of the work supports the proposition of a framework consisting on a processes framework based on a structure of systems, integrated for continuous improvement of maintenance activities. The paper offers a very practical approach to the problem, as a result of more of 10 years of professional experience within this sector, and specially focused to network maintenance.     

A framework for the design of knowledge management systems in eco-design

Eco-design is becoming a crucial challenge for many companies. The effective integration of environmental concerns into design is linked to the development of Knowledge Management Systems (KMS). In this context, this paper proposes a framework to support the design of KMS for eco-design. This framework consists of two complementary parts linked to the main knowledge management strategies that KMS generally support. The first part of the framework concerns codification strategy and relies on an eco-design process reference model and the related adaptation of the GAMETH^® method used to locate and evaluate crucial knowledge systematically. The second part of the framework concerns the personalisation strategy. In this paper we propose to exploit the community of practice (CoP) theory by: (1) proposing guidelines defining the structural features of CoPs and (2) adapting a tool landscape providing insight on CoP instrumentation. Both guidelines support the setting up of a specific CoP. The exploitation of the framework is illustrated on a real case study.     

公式类知识管理系统的研究与开发

介绍了现今的知识管理思想及企业知识资源分类方法，分析了工程知识库管理系统的主要特点以及存在的不足。针对产品设计活动中应用知识的特点，采用面向对象方法来描述公式类型的知识，开发了一个通用的公式类知识管理系统。该系统不仅能够方便用户直接对公式类型知识进行操作、管理和维护，同时也可以为不同的智能系统提供统一的接口。     

工业设计中的知识管理

论述了建立面向工业设计的知识管理系统,对实现企业内、外部知识共享、知识应用和知识创新,保持设计师持续快速创新能力和企业新产品开发能力的重要作用,以及如何建立服务于工业设计的知识管理系统.     

An engineering design knowledge reuse methodology using process modelling

This paper describes an approach for reusing engineering design knowledge. Many previous design knowledge reuse systems focus exclusively on geometrical data, which is often not applicable in early design stages. The proposed methodology provides an integrated design knowledge reuse framework, bringing together elements of best practice reuse, design rationale capture and knowledge-based support in a single coherent framework. Best practices are reused through the process model. Rationale is supported by product information, which is retrieved through links to design process tasks. Knowledge-based methods are supported by a common design data model, which serves as a single source of design data to support the design process. By using the design process as the basis for knowledge structuring and retrieval, it serves the dual purpose of design process capture and knowledge reuse: capturing and formalising the rationale that underpins the design process, and providing a framework through which design knowledge can be stored, retrieved and applied. The methodology has been tested with an industrial sponsor producing high vacuum pumps for the semiconductor industry.     

制造企业中的知识管理

首先对知识管理作了概要性介绍 ,提出了知识管理的十二条基本原则 ,在从可编码性角度出发 ,将知识分类成显性知识和隐性知识的基础上 ,分别给出了两类知识的管理模式 ,并讨论了其中的一些关键技术 .