集成AHP/QFD/AD的产品设计方法研究

目的针对以用户需求为驱动的产品设计模式,完善产品设计方法流程,更有效地理解用户需求,提高产品设计效率和质量。方法使用层次分析法确定用户需求权重,将用户需求及权重输入质量屋,对用户需求与设计需求的相关关系度进行量化评价,构建用户需求与设计需求相关关系矩阵,确定各项设计需求重要度,完成用户需求到设计需求的转化,以相对重要度较高的设计需求定义功能域,进行功能域与物理域之间的映射,利用独立性公理和信息公理进行设计参数分析和设计方案评价。结论构建了一种集成层次分析法、质量功能展开和公理化设计的产品设计方法,对用户需求权重进行了更准确的分析,完善了质量功能展开后续的方法流程,并以板栗采收机概念设计为例进行了应用验证,应用结果表明该方法能够有效地指导产品设计过程,提高产品设计效率和质量。     

集成QFD/TRIZ/AHP的产品创新设计模式研究

目的研究基于QFD、TRIZ和AHP理论的集成创新设计模式,并将这种集成设计模式应用到产品创新设计中。方法使用AHP确定QFD的客户需求权重,通过QFD发掘客户核心需求,运用TRIZ的发明原理寻找解决办法。结论以通用智能卫浴产品的概念设计为例,演示了集成设计模式使用的详细步骤,并验证了这一设计模式的可行性与有效性,为其他产品的创新设计提供新的思路。     

A combined goal programming—AHP approach to maintenance selection problem

This paper presents a ‘Lexicographic’ Goal Programming (LGP) approach to define the best strategies for the maintenance of critical centrifugal pumps in an oil refinery.For each pump failure mode, the model allows to take into account the maintenance policy burden in terms of inspection or repair and in terms of the manpower involved, linking them to efficiency-risk aspects quantified as in FMECA methodology through the use of the classic parameters occurrence (O), severity (S) and detectability (D), evaluated through an adequate application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique.An extended presentation of the data and results of the case analysed is proposed in order to show the characteristics and performance of this approach.     

A hybrid approach to machine-tool selection through AHP and simulation

The selection process of a machine tool has been a critical issue for companies for years, because the improper selection of a machine tool might cause many problems having a negative effect on productivity, precision, flexibility, and a company's responsive manufacturing capabilities. Therefore, in this paper, to determine the best machine tool satisfying the needs and expectations of a manufacturing organization among a set of possible alternatives in the market, a hybrid approach is proposed, which integrates an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with simulation techniques. The AHP as one of the most commonly used multiple criteria decision-making methods is used to narrow down all possible machine tool alternatives in the market by eliminating those whose scores (or weights) are smaller than a determined value obtained under certain circumstances. Then, a simulation generator is used first to automatically model a manufacturing organization, where the ultimate machine tool will be used, and second to try each alternative remaining from the AHP as a scenario on the generated model. Finally, the final alternative is selected by using the unit investment cost ratio, which is calculated by dividing the investment cost per year of each alternative by the additional number of produced units obtained from the simulation experiment of the relevant alternative.     

基于QFD和AHP法的适老浴室柜设计研究

目的 设计出符合老年人实际使用需求的浴室柜产品,更好地帮助他们完成日常起居的生活。方法 以质量功能展开(QFD)理论和层次分析法(AHP)作为理论支撑,构建适老浴室柜质量屋(HOQ)设计理论模型,并以此为依据对适老浴室柜进行设计实践。首先通过实地访谈和观察法等方式,获取老年人的行为状况和需求信息,利用KJ法对需求进行聚类和精炼,得到用户需求层次化结构;然后运用AHP法计算出各层需求的权重值;最后利用HOQ理论将用户各项需求转化为适老浴室柜设计特征。结果 依据设计特征得到一款最为符合老年人需求的适老浴室柜设计方案。结论 该方法能够挖掘出用户最为迫切的需求,使设计出的产品更为科学与合理,更好地帮助老年人应对衰老所带来的困扰,同时对同类产品的设计研究也具有重要的参考意义。     

Rapid tooling route selection and evaluation for sand and investment casting

Today, a number of direct routes using rapid prototyping (RP) processes (fused deposition modelling (FDM), laminated object manufacturing (LOM), stereolithography apparatus (SLA), selective laser sintering (SLS), etc.), as well as indirect routes (RP coupled with secondary or soft-tooling processes like RTV vacuum casting) are available for rapid fabrication of tooling for sand and investment casting processes. Each route is unique in terms of geometric, material, quality and cost characteristics; no comprehensive database of their capabilities has been reported, especially for metal casting applications. The problem of selecting the optimal rapid tooling (RT) route is a complex multi-criteria decision-making problem. This paper describes a systematic approach for RT route selection and planning. A database of RT process capabilities was generated through benchmarking experiments, covering 20 different widely used RT routes (both direct and indirect: two- and three-step processes) involving an impeller pattern. In this approach, RT process route selection involves translating the tooling requirements specified by the casting engineer into weighted tooling attributes using quality function deployment and analytic network process (QFD-ANP), which along with part specifications is used for RT route selection by calculating the overall process compatibility indices. The routes are ranked as per the value of the overall compatibility index. Once the optimal route is selected, process planning is carried out by retrieving a similar process plan using case-based reasoning (CBR). The methodology has been implemented in a software program using Visual C + + programming language in a Windows environment. The methodology is demonstrated and validated with an industrial example of a separator body casting. It has proved to be a robust evaluation and decision-making tool for selecting appropriate tooling route for a given casting based on customer requirements.     

A screening methodology for improved solvent selection using economic and environmental assessments

Solvents are used in many applications in chemical manufacturing. An ideal solvent exhibits superior solubility, economic, and environmental impact characteristics. There are many approaches developed for identifying the best solvents, including the use of the Hansen solubility parameters, activity coefficients, toxicity properties, flammability characteristics, and methods based on structure–activity relationships. In this paper, a general methodology is developed to perform solvent selection using solubility matching, economic evaluation and environmental assessments. We propose a five-step approach to perform this task: 1.Solubility matching by applying Hansen solubility parameters 2.Process-specific property constraints, such as boiling point and melting point 3.Economic assessment via process simulation to investigate solvent usage, energy consumption, equipment investment and other operating costs 4.Environmental impact assessment based on process simulation and emission estimation 5.Solvent ranking using economic and environmental objective functions A case study is evaluated using this methodology. This methodology provides a general and effective approach to solvent selection in the context of the entire process, balancing economic, environmental, and operational performances. Electronic Publication     

Development of a component-based machining centre selection model using AHP

Machining centres are widely used in manufacturing companies all over the world. Since investments in machining centres are long-term and expensive, selection of the most appropriate machining centre is an important decision for manufacturing companies. There has been considerable effort spent in developing crisp and fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) models that use technical specifications provided by machining-centre manufacturers such as, axis size, power, spindle speed, tolerance, repeatability, cutting-tool change time, and number of cutting tools along with other economical and commercial factors. However, the technical specifications are directly taken from machining-centre manufacturers’ catalogues without checking their correctness, adequacies, or ability to represent the areas that are used for measurement. In such a case, one cannot be sure whether the outcomes are sound or not without a detailed check of the technical specifications, which can only be performed after actual usage of the machine itself. To overcome all such problems, an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model that evaluates the machining centre components is developed in this paper. The new component-based AHP model is then compared with two MCDM models that use only technical specification values.     

A novel hybrid multiple criteria decision making model for material selection with target-based criteria

In engineering design, the decision to select an optimal material for a particular product is a problem requiring multi-criteria decision analysis that involves both qualitative and quantitative factors. The evaluation of alternative materials may be based on imprecise information or uncertain data. Furthermore, there can be significant dependence and feedbacks between the different criteria for material selection. However, most existing decision approaches cannot capture these complex interrelationships. In response, this paper proposes a general framework for evaluating and selecting the best material for a given application. A novel hybrid multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) model combining DEMATEL-based ANP (DANP) and modified VIKOR is used to solve the material selection problems of multiple dimensions and criteria that are interdependent. Moreover, target-based criteria as well as cost and benefit criteria can be addressed simultaneously in the proposed model. Finally, an empirical case concerning the bush material selection for a split journal bearing is presented to illustrate the potential of the new model. The results show that the proposed method for material selection is effective and provides meaningful implications for designers and engineers to refer.     

Analytic Hierarchy Process for Evaluating Flipped Classroom Learning

In reality, the flipped classroom has gained popularity as a modern way of structuring teaching, where lectures move from in-class procedures to digitally-based assignments, freeing up the debate, and practice exercises class time. Therefore, it is essential to implement and analyze a way of teaching that will improve student performance. The paper aims to develop a model of the method of teaching science in Iraqi schools, and to assess whether teaching flipped classroom affects the achievement, motivation, and creative thinking of students by using the methodology of Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) in the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The AHP approach includes several steps, including setting assessment criteria and their weights, and by assessing the methodology of the flipped classroom as compared to the conventional cognitive learning process. An experiment was carried out in Iraqi secondary schools to examine the attitude of the students towards the subject of Chemistry. The findings have indicated that the students and teachers favored flipped classroom learning more than conventional cognitive learning. The study took the following parameters compared to the traditional approach: teaching techniques, learning flexibility, teaching aids effectiveness, student participation and working environment. This paper indicates that the teachers in Iraqi schools will be able to improve and do more preparation to shift towards flipped learning in the classroom.     

基于RAHP和QFD的智能空气净化器设计研究

目的 有效获取用户对家用智能空气净化器的需求及其优先级,进一步将用户需求转化为设计要求,识别出智能空气净化器的关键设计要求,进而为设计提供参考依据,提升用户满意度。方法 首先通过问卷调查以及访谈法获取用户需求,并利用亲和图法(KJ法)构建关于智能空气净化器用户需求的层次模型,再引入粗糙层次分析法(RAHP)获取各项用户需求初始重要度,同时运用模糊卡诺模型(FKM)确定各项需求类别,并基于需求类别引入调整系数对初始重要度进行调整,最后利用质量功能展开(QFD)将用户需求转化为设计要素,明确智能空气净化器的关键设计要求,指导智能空气净化器的设计。结论 通过对智能空气净化器的用户需求进行较为深入的分析,将用户需求转化为设计要求,识别出了智能空气净化器在滤网模块、智能检测模块、信息显示模块、远程APP控制模块以及风速控制模块等方面的设计要求重要度较高,并以此为依据提出了设计方案,得到了用户较高的满意度,所得研究方法及流程可为设计出符合用户需求的产品提供参考。     

Robot selection using an integrated approach based on quality function deployment and fuzzy regression

The decision-makers have been experiencing difficulties in determining the most suitable robot alternative due to the increase in number of robots and the diversity in their application areas. A robust decision framework for robot selection should consider multiple and conflicting criteria and the dependencies among them. This paper introduces a decision model for robot selection based on quality function deployment (QFD) and fuzzy linear regression. The proposed approach benefits from the fact that QFD focuses on delivering value by taking into account the customer requirements and then by deploying this information throughout the development process, and applies this perspective to robot selection. Fuzzy linear regression is considered as an alternative decision aid for robot selection problems where imprecise relationships among system parameters exist. An example robot selection problem is presented to illustrate the proposed decision-making approach.     

Global supplier selection: a fuzzy-AHP approach

Global supplier selection has a critical effect on the competitiveness of the entire supply chain network. Research results indicate that the supplier selection process appears to be the most significant variable in deciding the success of the supply chain. It helps in achieving high quality products at lower cost with higher customer satisfaction. Apart from the common criteria such as cost and quality, this paper also discusses some of the important decision variables which can play a critical role in case of the international sourcing. The importance of the political-economic situation, geographical location, infrastructure, financial background, performance history, risk factors, etc., have also been pointed out in particularly in the case of global supplier selection. Supplier selection problem related to the global sourcing is more complex than the general domestic sourcing and as a result it needs more critical analysis, which could not be found properly in past available literatures. This paper discusses the fuzzy based Analytic Hierarchy Process (fuzzy-AHP) to efficiently tackle both quantitative and qualitative decision factors involved in selection of global supplier in current business scenario. The fuzzy-AHP is an efficient tool to tackle the fuzziness of the data involved in deciding the preferences of the different decision variables involved in the process of global supplier selection. The triangular fuzzy numbers are used to transform the linguistic comparison of the different decision criteria, sub-criteria and performance of the alternative suppliers. The pairwise comparison matrices help in deciding the synthetic extent value of each comparison and finally, the priority weights of one alternative over another are decided in this paper. An example from a manufacturing industry searching for the global supplier for a critical component is used to demonstrate the effective implementation procedure of proposed fuzzy-AHP technique. The proposed model can provide the guidelines and directions for the decision makers to effectively select their global suppliers in the current competitive business scenario.     

Methodological problems in QFD and directions for future development

Quality function deployment (QFD) is a popular tool for product development in industry. QFD aims at setting targets for product characteristics so that products optimally meet customer demands. In this article, the focus is not on the actual effects of QFD but on more fundamental possibilities and limitations of QFD. In particular, I will discuss a number of methodological problems in QFD. One of the most disturbing methodological problems is the impossibility of translating individual into collective customer demands and the impossibility of translating customer demands into engineering characteristics without violating one or more very reasonable conditions. These problems are due to Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem. I discuss whether a number of alternative QFD approaches are helpful in overcoming these methodological problems and suggest directions for the further development of QFD and for research.

A multi-attribute selection of automated guided vehicle using the AHP/M-GRA technique

The objective of this research is to develop and implement a new methodology for multi-attribute selection of automated guided vehicle (AGV) for the material handling. The present paper proposes a modified grey relational analysis (M-GRA) method combined with analytical hierarchy approach (AHP). AHP method is used to assign the relative importance between AGV selection attributes and M-GRA method is applied to determine AGV selection utility index. A proposed AHP/M-GRA technique is more suitable for the decision-making in the presence of vagueness. The methodology is illustrated by means of an example. The study was followed by the validation and the sensitivity analysis of the AHP/M-GRA technique. The results of the study build confidence in suitability of AHP/M-GRA technique for selection of AGV alternatives.     

Prioritising technical attributes in QFD under vague environment: a rough-grey relational analysis approach

This study aims at improving the effectiveness of Quality function deployment (QFD) in handling the vague, subjective and limited information. QFD has long been recognised as an efficient planning and problem-solving tool which can translate customer requirements (CRs) into the technical attributes of product or service. However, in the traditional QFD analysis, the vague and subjective information often lead to inaccurate priority. In order to solve this problem, a novel group decision approach for prioritising more rationally the technical attributes is proposed. Basically, two stages of analysis are described: the computation of CR importance and the prioritising the technical attributes with a hybrid approach based on a rough set theory (RST) and grey relational analysis (GRA). The approach integrates the strength of RST in handling vagueness with less priori information and the merit of GRA in structuring analytical framework and discovering necessary information of the data interactions. Finally, an application in industrial service design for compressor rotor is presented to demonstrate the potential of the approach.     

A note on the application of the data envelopment analytic hierarchy process for supplier selection

In a very recent paper by Sevkli et al. (Sevkli, M., Koh, S.C.L., Zaim, S., Demirbag, M. and Tatoglu, E., 2007. An application of data envelopment analytic hierarchy process for supplier selection: a case study of BEKO in Turkey. International Journal of Production Research, 45 (9), 1973–2003), the data envelopment analytic hierarchy process (DEAHP) was claimed to outperform the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and provide a better decision for supplier selection. This note illustrates the weaknesses of the DEAHP, demonstrating the invalidity of the above claim. The case study of BEKO in Turkey is re-examined and shows that extra verification is needed to come to a decision.     

The analytic hierarchy process applied to maintenance strategy selection

This paper describes an application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for selecting the best maintenance strategy for an important Italian oil refinery (an Integrated Gasification and Combined Cycle plant). Five possible alternatives are considered: preventive, predictive, condition-based, corrective and opportunistic maintenance. The best maintenance policy must be selected for each facility of the plant (about 200 in total). The machines are clustered in three homogeneous groups after a criticality analysis based on internal procedures of the oil refinery. With AHP technique, several aspects, which characterise each of the above-mentioned maintenance strategies, are arranged in a hierarchic structure and evaluated using only a series of pairwise judgements. To improve the effectiveness of the methodology AHP is coupled with a sensitivity analysis.