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1.
Optimal core acquisition and pricing strategies for hybrid manufacturing and remanufacturing systems
In this study, we combine two aspects of remanufacturing, namely product acquisition management and marketing (pricing) of the remanufactured products. We consider an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) who decides on the acquisition prices offered for returns from different quality types and on selling prices of new and remanufactured products, in a single period setting. We develop a procedure for determining the optimal prices and corresponding profit of the OEM, and conduct a sensitivity analysis to understand the effect of different model parameters on the optimal strategies and profit. An important managerial insight is that the optimal solution is not to have the same profit per remanufactured item for all return types, but to if the minimum cost for acquisition and remanufacturing of some core type is lower. 相似文献
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Subrata Mitra 《国际生产研究杂志》2016,54(5):1285-1302
Remanufacturing is one of the product recovery options where the quality of used products (cores) is upgraded to ‘as-good-as-new’ conditions. In this article, we consider a monopolist firm selling new and remanufactured products to quality-conscious primary customers and price-sensitive secondary customers, respectively, with one-way substitution, i.e. some primary customers may substitute new products by remanufactured products while secondary customers can never afford to buy new products. We develop economic models under two scenarios – when the supply of cores is unconstrained and when manufacturers have to procure cores at an acquisition price. The major observations of the article are as follows. A firm is better off when there is no constraint on the supply of cores. Even when cores have to be acquired at an acquisition price, the profitability is higher than that when the firm does not engage in remanufacturing activities. When a larger number of primary customers replace new products with remanufactured products, there is partial cannibalization of new product sales; however, the combined market share and profitability of the firm increase. When core supply is constrained and customers are less sensitive to core prices, the limited supply of cores may render remanufacturing an infeasible option for the firm. Therefore, firms should not only generate awareness among primary customers to buy remanufactured products, but also step up efforts to ensure a steady supply of cores. We conclude the article with managerial implications and directions for future research. 相似文献
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在废旧品回收充足的静态环境下,假设可再制造部分的质量水平在再制造的过程中发生衰减,研究了制造商如何选择再制造品的质量以及如何有效地规划新产品和再制造品的价格。不同的不可再制造部分的质量水平会影响新产品和再制造品的市场需求量,研究表明,随着再制造品质量的不断提高,新产品需求不断降低,再制造品需求不断增加,再制造品对新产品的市场挤兑效应越来越明显,直至将新产品完全挤出市场,形成完全再制造品市场。在此过程中,制造商利润呈现出先凸后凹的增长趋势,其利润在完全再制造品市场时达到最大。 相似文献
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A random variable of quality, characterized by the quality distribution function, is considered both for continuous and discrete cases. The acceptable quality distribution function is introduced and different types of stochastic comparison are discussed: comparison in the mean, ordering in distribution, variability ordering and hazard‐rate ordering. Acceptable, unacceptable and intermediate regions for levels of quality are determined by the discretization procedure. It is assumed that the quality of a product is revealed through usage. A simple reliability setting is considered when the quality of a product is directly dependent on its reliability characteristics in usage. Possible generalizations are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Knut Richter 《OR Spectrum》1997,19(2):123-129
In this paper the analysis of the EOQ repair and waste disposal model with variable setup numbers for production and repair within some collection time interval is continued. The cost analysis is now extended to the extreme waste disposal rates and it is shown that the pure (bang-bang) policy of either no waste disposal (total repair) or no repair (total waste disposal) dominates the strategy of mixing waste disposal and repair. Moreover, the different behavior of the minimum cost, of the optimal setup numbers, lot sizes and collection intervals for small and large waste disposal rates is discussed. 相似文献
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Shuangshuang Li Xintian Liu Yansong Wang Xiaolan Wang 《Quality and Reliability Engineering International》2019,35(4):1161-1179
The traditional quality evaluation method believed that when the product quality characteristic was within the specification limit, no loss was produced. Taguchi proposed that even if the characteristic was within the range of users' demand, the fluctuation of quality characteristic would still cause loss to users and society. Therefore, he proposed a quadratic quality loss function to describe this loss. The function was established based on the Taylor expansion. It neglected terms with powers higher than 2, which would cause a certain deviation between the calculated and true value. Moreover, the tolerance and loss in the quadratic loss function must satisfied specific relationship, which limited its use. In this paper, the Taylor expansion items are raised to third order. The quality loss coefficients are discussed and analyzed so that the cubic quality loss function is established. In addition, the method of calculating hidden quality cost is given by using the cubic loss function. The hidden quality cost is affected by the quality loss coefficients and should be a range. The cubic quality loss function studies the inapplicability of quadratic loss function, so it widens the scope of application of quality loss function. 相似文献
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Zebiao Feng Jianjun Wang Yizhong Ma Guikang Yang 《Quality and Reliability Engineering International》2021,37(6):2499-2513
Reliability-based robust design optimization (RBRDO) is a crucial tool for life-cycle quality improvement. Gaussian process (GP) model is an effective alternative modeling technique that is widely used in robust parameter design. However, there are few studies to deal with reliability-based design problems by using GP model. This article proposes a novel life-cycle RBRDO approach concerning response uncertainty under the framework of GP modeling technique. First, the hyperparameters of GP model are estimated by using the Gibbs sampling procedure. Second, the expected partial derivative expression is derived based on GP modeling technique. Moreover, a novel failure risk cost function is constructed to assess the life-cycle reliability. Then, the quality loss function and confidence interval are constructed by simulated outputs to evaluate the robustness of optimal settings and response uncertainty, respectively. Finally, an optimization model integrating failure risk cost function, quality loss function, and confidence interval analysis approach is constructed to find reasonable optimal input settings. Two case studies are given to illustrate the performance of the proposed approach. The results show that the proposed approach can make better trade-offs between the quality characteristics and reliability requirements by considering response uncertainty. 相似文献
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研究回收品质量可控背景下的再制造闭环供应链决策问题。考虑质量投入与奖励函数2种控制变量对再制造过程中回收品质量的影响,构建集中决策与分散决策下制造商主导的Stackelberg博弈模型,采用逆向求解法求解2种决策条件下的模型最优解,并利用数值模拟分析回收品质量对各参数的影响。研究表明,相较于分散决策,联合决策具有更高的经济性收益性与风险敏感性;不论是分散决策或是联合决策,回收价、供应链企业利润等都与回收品质量呈正相关;消费者强烈的绿色偏好与回收价格偏好能够对供应链利润产生积极影响。 相似文献
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Patricia van Loon Charles Delagarde Luk N. Van Wassenhove Aleš Mihelič 《国际生产研究杂志》2020,58(4):1092-1106
Remanufacturing can create opportunities for companies to become more sustainable while remaining profitable. However, not all companies will be able to profit from moving towards a closed-loop business model. This paper investigates the profitability of leasing and remanufacturing washing machines for a large white goods producer based on data provided by them. A simple analytical model is built to simultaneously estimate the costs for consumers and costs and profits for the manufacturer under the leasing system. The results are compared with the costs and profitability of the linear system where premium, economy, and budget washing machines are sold to consumers. A sensitivity analysis is conducted on important factors such as repair, administration and transport costs. Using the replacement chain method, we show that the consumer costs of budget washing machines in the sales system is significantly higher than the costs for premium washing machines. Consequently, those consumers would benefit most from a circular system in which premium washing machines are leased against acceptable fees. However, the additional costs for the manufacturer make it a challenge to generate the same level of profit as in the linear system. The research discusses important cost components companies will have to address when making a move towards a circular business model with leasing and remanufacturing. 相似文献
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基于损失成本理论的供应商持续改进评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用质量成本理论中的损失成本理论,将供应商所导致的损失成本作为评价供应商绩效的标准。通过ABC分析,发现了供应商和供应商主要问题之所在,对供应商自身以及供应商之间作了比较评价,以促使供应商的持续改进。 相似文献
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Quality of a used-product is often highly uncertain, impacts pricing decisions, and is influenced by many factors like age and usage. However, analysis of usage and its uncertain nature is not well understood. In this paper, joint effects of age and usage on quality of used/end-of-life products are analysed. To conduct this research, Product State Transformation Diagram is proposed and used to analyse quality of used-products under uncertain age and usage conditions. Subsequently, governing multivariate stochastic partial differential equation is derived and paired with operational conditions to develop Quality Degradation Model (QDM). Then, QDM is numerically analysed and compared with common age-based model. Results indicate that age-based models overestimate quality. Using one-factor-at-time approach, sensitivity of QDM to its parameters and inputs is analysed. In a real-life case study, QDM is applied to evaluate prices of used-cars. To validate QDM and to generate insights towards its accuracy, a pool of popular statistical and machine learning models are trained and compared with QDM. Results show that performance of QDM is comparable to known models like SVM, LR, ANN-MLP for this application. 相似文献
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The-Nominal-The-Best (N-type) loss function is established based on the Taylor expansion. Results become more accurate as more Taylor expansion items are retained. N-type loss function neglects terms with powers higher than two, which inevitably leads to a certain deviation between the calculated result and the true value. In this paper, Taylor expansion is retained to the third-order, and the quality loss function is extended to three items. The quality loss coefficients of each item are determined, and the asymmetric piecewise cubic quality loss function is established. The deviation between the cubic and quadratic functions is evaluated. The formula for calculating the hidden quality cost of a product is derived by choosing an appropriate density distribution function and using process capability. Two cases are utilised to analyse and discuss the quality loss and hidden quality cost of a product using the cubic quality loss and quadratic quality loss functions. This paper provides a more accurate approach for the study of product quality management. 相似文献
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Kui Mao Xintian Liu Shuangshuang Li Xu Wang 《Quality and Reliability Engineering International》2021,37(4):1373-1395
The improvement of mechanical parts inherent reliability has an impact on the reputation and performance of the company. To estimate the inherent reliability of products more conveniently and economically, a hidden quality cost-production cost (HQC-PC) reliability prediction model is put forward. To estimate the hidden quality cost (HQC) of products more accurately, a quadratic exponential quality loss function model is established, which is different from Taguchi's quadratic quality loss function (QLF) and the modified QLFs. In the new quality loss model, the growth rate of quality loss on both sides of the target value is considered. Under the condition that the quality characteristic value obeys normal distribution, the general estimation formulas of HQC in the tolerance range is obtained considering sampling error and the numerical model of inherent reliability is established. The effect of different parameters on the inherent reliability of products is discussed with practical case, such as design and production parameters. Then, the appropriate process capability index (PCI) is selected according to different production processes. The relationship between the HQC-PC reliability prediction model and PCI is derived by a numerical model of inherent reliability. A new analysis method of inherent reliability is proposed. 相似文献
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G. Celano A. Faraz E. Saniga 《Quality and Reliability Engineering International》2014,30(8):1393-1407
Taguchi introduced a new philosophy in quality control that accounts for the economic loss associated to process variation measured by deviations from the target value of a product quality characteristic. The Taguchi loss function has been considered in the design of control charts only for the computation of costs associated with nonconformities. This paper considers sample statistics based on the Taguchi loss function as a means to implement Shewhart control charts monitoring both the deviation from the target and dispersion of normally distributed quality characteristics. The aim of this proposed control chart is to perform on‐line quality control of a process by monitoring its quality loss cost performance over time. To compute the quality loss performance, we consider a nominal‐the‐best quality characteristic. The statistical performance of the proposed control charts has been evaluated and compared with that of widely used control charts. Implementing target costing philosophy by means of one of the proposed charts is also discussed. An example illustrates the Taguchi control chart in a practical implementation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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研究了绿色消费者对制造商（OEM）和再制造商（3PR）再制造模式选择的影响。在无绿色消费者和存在绿色消费者情况下,分别建立了两种斯塔克尔伯格博弈的再制造模型：再制造外包与授权再制造,得到了两种模型的均衡解及OEM和3PR利润。比较分析发现,当绿色消费者比例较高时,OEM和3PR均偏好于再制造外包模式。然而,当绿色消费者比例较低时,虽然OEM依然偏好于再制造外包模式,但是,当消费者对再制造产品估价较低时,3PR偏好于授权再制造模式。此外发现,无论绿色消费者比例高低,在再制造外包模式,消费者剩余与社会福利总是高于授权再制造模式。 相似文献
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The basic requirement in this type of micro-drilling process is to achieve high product quality with the minimum machining cost, which can be realised through parameter design. In this paper, we propose a new economic parameter design under the framework of Bayesian modelling and optimisation. First of all, the Bayesian seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) models are utilised to develop the relationship models between input factors and output responses in the laser micro-drilling process. After that, simulated response values which reflect the real laser micro-drilling process are obtained by using the Gibbs sampling procedure. Moreover, a novel rejection cost function and a quality loss function are constructed based on the simulated responses. Finally, an optimisation scheme integrating the rejection cost (i.e. rework cost and scrap cost) function and the quality loss function is implemented by using multi-objective genetic algorithm to find feasible economic parameter settings for laser micro-drilling process. 相似文献
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The pace of development in the world has increased over the years and with it, the use of hi-tech gadgets, consumer durables, automobiles, etc. has also gone up. In this context, as resources become more and more scarce, there are multiple challenges that emerge both from a sustainable development perspective, and from the perspective of meeting profitability objectives of a firm. Remanufacturing has come up in a big way as an answer to these challenges, but firms are struggling with respect to revenue management of this nascent area. We assess the current literature and distil the key factors that firms need to consider as they assimilate remanufacturing in their operations and revenue management strategy. We provide an assessment of white spaces in research in this area and also outline the directions for future research. 相似文献