市场需求预测偏差下供应链协调

分两阶段研究了产品市场需求预测存在偏差情况下供应链协调问题。第一阶段，给出市场需求预测下的最优生产批量；第二阶段，首先给出需求预测偏差下的最优供给批量和供应链整体最考掣润，然后提出一种使供应链整体最大利润得以实现的协调机制。最后给出算例加以说明。     

基于差异化物流服务的供应链决策与数量折扣协调

针对一个具有差异化物流服务的供应链,设计了基于数量折扣合同的协调策略以优化供应链定价决策,提高供应链及链上各方企业的利润。首先基于效用函数分析了消费者选择行为,并由此获得每种配送服务的需求函数。然后基于Stackelberg博弈模型求解了分散决策下的供应链均衡策略并与集中决策情形进行对比,发现分散决策下过高的产品销售定价及过低的快速配送附加运费导致消费者效用减少并使供应链总利润降低25%。为了达到集中决策下的最优绩效,基于物流企业视角提出数量折扣定价合同并对相关参数进行设计,发现促使供应链达到协调的数量折扣合同有无数多个,且在一定范围内这些合同能够实现双方企业利润的改善。最后基于数值分析模拟了部分数量折扣合同,并分析了零售企业还价能力对双方利润的影响。     

运用VMI有效提升供应链柔性

首先给出了供应链柔性的一个定义,并给出了衡量柔性的定量化公式,然后从成本、客户服务水平和提前期三个方面论证了VMI对提升供应链柔性的有效性,最后给出实例分析。     

一种航空备件供应链协调模型及优化方法研究

从航空备件供应商的视角研究了数量折扣策略下实现备件供应链协调的问题.研究了供应链无协调时航空公司的成本和供应商的利润;然后分析了数量折扣策略后对于供需双方的影响;建立了数量折扣策略下供应链协调模型.模型研究了航空公司在数量折扣下的成本不大于无协调时成本的条件下,以供应商利润为目标函数,航空公司成本最小为约束,应用免疫粒子群算法优化折扣补给点、折扣量及备件数量,避免了寻优局部收敛,最终实现供应链协调.最后通过算例说明了数量折扣策略模型及优化方法在供应链协调中的有效性.     

供应链库存协调问题研究综述

供应链库存协调的研究具有很大的理论和现实意义,现已成为企业界和学术界关注的焦点,许多研究者进行了并且还在继续进行相关的研究工作。在查看大量文献的基础上,阐述了供应链库存协调的意义和概念,在此基础之上,从协调机制角度分5个方面对供应链库存协调的研究进行综述,提出未来研究的方向。为读者了解此领域的研究现状提供了依据。     

价格随机条件下看涨期权折扣契约的应急供应链协调研究

在突发事件造成市场需求与市场价格均随机波动的条件下,将期权与数量折扣契约融合,形成一种新的期权折扣契约,并用看涨期权折扣契约模型来协调供应链。通过海塞矩阵判断得知供应链存在最优决策,并进行算例分析。结果表明：当突发事件引起市场需求增加时,看涨期权折扣契约和数量折扣契约均能有效地提升供应链收益,且看涨期权折扣契约提升的幅度更大;当突发事件引起市场需求缩小时,2种契约均不能扭转整个供应链收益大幅下降的局面,且看涨期权折扣契约下降的幅度更大。为获取超额利润,决策者必须充分获取市场信息并对市场需求进行准确的预测才能使新的契约机制更有效。在新的前提条件下,看涨期权折扣契约模型能有效地协调供应链并提高整个供应链系统的绩效。该契约实现了风险共担和收益双赢,在一定程度上提升了供应链的柔性。     

多供应商、多销售商的两级供应链库存模型研究

研究多个供应商、多个销售商组成的两级供应链的库存系统,在具有价格弹性的市场需求、允许供应商和销售商产生缺货的条件下,针对有无价格折扣的两种情况,分别建立了供应商、销售商各自的库存模型;结合满足供应商和销售商Pareto有效性,建立了含价格折扣的供应链系统整体盈利最大的库存模型.     

两个零售商环境下数量柔性契约研究

在综合国内外研究成果的基础上,借鉴以单个供应商和单个零售商组成的两级供应链的研究,形成以单个供应商与两个零售商的两阶段供应链为基本研究对象,通过数字解析方法和量本利分析方法对供应链契约中常用的数量柔性契约进行分析。证明了这种灵活订货模型可以协调供应商和零售商之间的决策行为,使得供应链的整体利润达到最优,为多零售商的复杂供应链的研究提供参考。     

联合采购对再制造闭环供应链回收策略的影响

研究了联合采购对再制造闭环供应链回收策略的影响,构建了存在竞争零售商的闭环供应链模型。比较分析了竞争强度及数量折扣对批发价格、市场需求量、渠道成员利润及总利润的影响。研究发现:当零售商竞争激烈时渠道成员偏好于单独采购,竞争强度较弱时偏好于联合采购;当数量折扣较大时联合采购对渠道成员更有利,数量折扣较小时单独采购对渠道成员有利。     

Pricing and ordering decisions of two competing supply chains with different composite policies: a Stackelberg game-theoretic approach

In today’s global highly competitive markets, competition happens among supply chains instead of companies, as the members of supply chains. So, the partners of the chains seek to apply efficient coordinating strategies like discount, return, refund, buyback, or the other coordinating policies to abate the operation costs of the chains and subsequently increase market shares. Hence, because of the importance and application of these strategies in the current non-exclusive markets, in this study, we introduce different composite coordinating strategies to enhance the coordination of the supply chains. Here, we consider two competing supply chains where both chains launch the same product under different brands to the market by applying different composite coordinating strategies. Each supply chain comprises one manufacturer and a group of non-competing retailers where the manufacturer receives raw materials from an outside supplier and transforms them into a finished product; then, the products are sold to the retailers to satisfy the demands of market. In the first chain, a composite (QFF) policy, which is the combination of quantity and freight discount, as well as free shipping quantity policies, are considered between upstream and downstream members while in the second one, different composite polices are considered between upstream and downstream members such that the supplier offers a composite policy, as the first chain, to the manufacturer and the manufacturer proposes a composite (QPR) policy, which is the combination of quantity discount and partial-refund customer return policies, to the retailers. The main objective of the paper is to determine the optimal selling prices and the order quantities of the manufacturer and the retailers in each chain in presence of different composite coordinating strategies. A Stackelberg game-theoretic approach is employed between the members of each chain where the manufacturer is a follower and the retailers are leaders. The concavity of profit functions is proved. Finally, the applicability of the models is justified by presented numerical examples. Moreover, the effects of these strategies on the decisions of the chains’ partners are examined.     

供应链中的信息共享与合作

企业间的合作对于提升供应链绩效日益重要,而信息共享是合作协调的重要基础之一。对信息共享进行了分类,提出信息共享方式;从存储论角度证明了共享库存信息对降低供应链成本的作用,以及从仿真上验证了在共享库存信息供应链中可以利用（s,S)策略降低供应链成本。     

Optimal ordering decisions under two returns policies

To avoid stockouts and maintain product availability, retailers typically carry excess units and subsequently incur higher cost. In case of style/fashion goods, demand forecasting is extremely difficult due to short selling cycles. The purpose of this study was to minimise the cost of excess stocking without compromising product availability. To achieve these conflicting objectives, our study includes two ordering instances and two returns policies. The time between orders subsequently helps resolve demand uncertainty. Existing studies consider only one type of returns policy, that is, returns on the entire purchase quantity; whereas our study considers two types of returns policies: returns on the first order size and returns on the entire purchase quantity. This study also includes models for the retailer and the supply chain system. Analytical and numerical insights into our study enable the retailer to select his appropriate returns policies to maximise his as well as system’s expected profits. We also show that perfect coordination of partners will help them improve their profits considerably.