2015—2020年安徽省腹泻病人沙门菌血清型分布及耐药性研究

目的 了解安徽省近年来沙门菌(Salmonella)的血清型分布及耐药特性,为本省沙门菌引起腹泻病的诊断和治疗提供科学依据。方法 对2015—2020年来自安徽省16个地市食源性疾病主动监测腹泻病例中分离出的980株沙门菌进行血清分型,采用微量肉汤稀释法进行药物敏感性实验。结果 980株沙门菌分为82种血清型,优势血清型为肠炎沙门菌[31.43%(308/980)]、鼠伤寒沙门菌[26.22%(257/980)]、阿贡纳沙门菌[7.35%(72/980)]、汤卜逊沙门菌[6.63%(65/980)]和伦敦沙门菌[3.37%(33/980)]。沙门菌对氨苄西林(AMP)、萘啶酸(NAL)、四环素(TET)、氨苄西林/舒巴坦(AMS)耐药率较高,分别为62.35%、47.96%、47.86%、43.16%;对AMP、AMS、NAL、头孢西丁(CFX)、阿奇霉素(AZM)耐药率呈现明显上升趋势(P＜0.05)。沙门菌耐药性呈现区域性特点,皖北地区耐药情况较皖中、皖南更加严重。多重耐药率达40.41%,鼠伤寒沙门菌、伦敦沙门菌多重耐药严重。结论 2015—2020年安徽省腹泻病人沙门菌血清型主要为肠炎沙门菌、鼠伤寒沙门菌、阿贡纳沙门菌、汤卜逊沙门菌和伦敦沙门菌。菌株耐药情况较严重,且对多数抗生素耐药率呈上升趋势,多重耐药水平较高。需密切关注并持续对本地区沙门菌的耐药情况进行监测。     

2021年广西腹泻病人来源的鼠伤寒沙门菌及其单相变种比较分析

目的 通过研究比较2021年广西壮族自治区腹泻病人来源的鼠伤寒沙门菌及其单相变体1，4，［5］，12∶i∶-（S.1，4，［5］，12∶i∶-）流行特征与耐药情况，更好地了解鼠伤寒沙门菌及其单相变体多重耐药克隆的流行病学及其在传播的潜力。方法 对来自病例监测分离的276株鼠伤寒沙门菌用血清凝集方法进行第一次分型，当第二项鞭毛抗原诱导三次后依然不凝集，再用多重PCR的方法进行第二次分型，用微量肉汤稀释法进行药敏试验。结果 经多重PCR确认为鼠伤寒沙门菌单相变体的有201株（72.8%），鼠伤寒沙门菌75株。鼠伤寒沙门菌对磺胺类药物、氯霉素的耐药率显著高于鼠伤寒沙门菌单相变体（P<0.05）。鼠伤寒沙门菌单相变体对氨苄西林、头孢噻肟、萘啶酸、庆大霉素、四环素5种抗生素的耐药率显著高于鼠伤寒沙门菌（P<0.05）。两种沙门菌对3类及以上抗生素耐药率达到79%以上，共同多重优势耐药谱为耐氨苄西林、氯霉素、甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲唑和四环素。结论 鼠伤寒沙门菌单相变体已经超过鼠伤寒沙门菌成为广西壮族自治区腹泻病人中最优势的血清型。两种沙门菌耐药情况不容乐观，特别是多重耐药菌株的快速增加。需要有针对性地加强对食源性鼠伤寒沙门菌和鼠伤寒沙门菌单相变体进行耐药监测，揭示其耐药性的潜在决定因素，并展开有效的干预措施。     

2016—2020年辽宁省沙门菌耐药性及分子分型研究

目的 分析辽宁省2016—2020年食源性疾病监测中沙门菌分离株的耐药情况及分子分型特征,为沙门菌引起感染性腹泻的防控、临床抗生素使用提供可靠科学依据。方法 对辽宁省2016—2020年临床腹泻病例分离的90株沙门菌进行血清学鉴定,应用脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）进行分子分型,采用BioNumeries 7.6软件对菌株间的相似度进行聚类分析,采用微量肉汤稀释法进行药物敏感性检测。结果 90株沙门菌分为13种血清型,以肠炎沙门菌和鼠伤寒沙门菌为主。PFGE聚类分析得到54种带型,各带型间相似度为51.4%～100%,每种带型包含1～10株菌,同一血清型菌株的PFGE带型相似度较高,且存在多次聚集现象。药敏结果显示90株沙门菌呈现36种耐药谱,氨苄西林耐药率最高（66.7%,60/90）,其次为萘啶酸（62.2%,56/90）,头孢西丁全部敏感。多重耐药率达48.9%(44/90),其中鼠伤寒沙门菌和肠炎沙门菌多重耐药率分别为87.5%和45.8%。结论 辽宁省沙门菌引起腹泻病例呈散发态势,菌株多重耐药趋势明显,且耐药率较高,耐药谱广泛,应进一步加强分子溯源及耐药性监测。     

2021年贵州省食源性疾病主动监测分离沙门菌耐药及分型特征

目的 了解2021年贵州省食源性疾病主动监测分离沙门菌的血清型、耐药和分子分型特征。方法 对全省2021年食源性疾病主动监测腹泻病例中分离的164株沙门菌采用玻片凝集法进行血清学分型，采用微量肉汤稀释法测定菌株对14种抗生素的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）值，采用脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）进行分子分型。结果 164株沙门菌可分为25种血清型，优势血清型为鼠伤寒沙门菌（76，46.34%）、肠炎沙门菌（25，15.24%）和爪哇安纳沙门菌（15，9.15%）。164株沙门菌耐药率为100%，多重耐药率达86.59%；其中对氨苄西林、四环素和萘啶酸耐药率较高，分别为95.12%（156/164）、78.05%（128/164）和63.41%（104/164）。72株鼠伤寒沙门菌PFGE聚类分析后共分为58种指纹图谱，24株肠炎沙门菌有12种指纹图谱，15株爪哇安纳沙门菌有3种指纹图谱。结论 贵州省腹泻患者沙门菌血清型种类较多，多重耐药现象严重，PFGE指纹图谱表现出遗传多样性。应加强对沙门菌的耐药监测，尤其是优势血清型鼠伤寒沙门菌的临床用药。     

2017—2020年江苏省无锡市沙门菌的血清型与耐药性研究

目的 分析2017—2020年江苏省无锡市沙门菌报告病例的血清型特点和抗生素耐药性流行特征及变化趋势。方法 收集分离自 2017—2020年无锡市食源性疾病哨点监测医院腹泻病例（住院和门诊患者）标本中的216株沙门菌菌株,采用玻片凝集法对216株菌进行血清型鉴定及分析,并采用微量肉汤稀释法检测沙门菌对13种抗生素的药物敏感性。结果 216株沙门菌分为42种血清型,优势血清型分别为肠炎沙门菌28.70%（62/216）占比,鼠伤寒沙门菌26.39%（57/216）。耐药性分析结果显示,216株沙门菌对美洛培南、阿米卡星、阿奇霉素和头孢他啶高度敏感,高敏菌株占比均高于90%;所有沙门菌对氨苄西林的耐药率最高,达到68.06%,对美洛培南的耐药率最低,仅0.46%;沙门菌在2017—2020年对氨苄西林的耐药率呈逐年增高的趋势,且每年沙门菌分离株对氨苄西林耐药性最高;共130株菌株产生了多重耐药性（60.19%）,耐药菌株数最多的耐药谱为AMP-TET-STR,占比5.56%（12/216）,优势耐药谱不明显。结论 无锡市沙门菌的流行血清型以肠炎沙门菌和鼠伤寒沙门菌为主,且沙门菌耐药性形势严峻,应该尽快建立高效的管控机制, 加强药敏监测, 优化治疗方案, 避免抗生素滥用。     

2017—2019年绍兴市沙门菌病人分离株的耐药性与分子分型分析

目的 了解绍兴市2017—2019年沙门菌病人分离株的分子分型特征及耐药情况。方法 收集245株分离自绍兴市食源性腹泻病例中的沙门菌,进行血清学分型,采用微量肉汤稀释法进行药敏检测,使用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)对分离株进行分子分型,利用BioNumerics V7.1软件进行聚类分析。结果 245株沙门菌可分为60种血清型,优势血清型为鼠伤寒沙门菌(32.24%)、肠炎沙门菌(10.20%)和伦敦沙门菌(6.94%)。225株分离株对25种抗生素存在不同程度的耐药,其中氨苄西林(77.14%)、四环素(73.88%)和链霉素(66.53%)的耐药率较高,且多重耐药率达76.33%。Xba Ⅰ酶切后的鼠伤寒沙门菌、肠炎沙门菌和伦敦沙门菌分别含48种、11种和12种不同PFGE指纹图谱。结论 绍兴市沙门菌血清型种类繁多,PFGE指纹图谱呈多样性,抗生素耐药呈现较集中且主要为氨苄西林-四环素-链霉素(AMP-TET-STR)。     

市售活鸡和腹泻患者中非伤寒沙门菌分子特征和耐药性研究

分析市售活鸡及腹泻患者中非伤寒沙门菌的分子特征的相似性及耐药性,预防沙门菌的感染流行。方法 收集2012年1月—2013年10月从1 054份腹泻患者粪便样品及440份农贸市场的活鸡肛拭子中分离出的非伤寒沙门菌株93株,进行血清分型,对常见的非伤寒沙门菌采用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)进行分子分型、Bionumerisc v4.0进行聚类分析、纸片扩散法(K-B法)进行药物敏感性试验。结果 1 054份腹泻样品中共检出非伤寒沙门菌88株,分离率为8.35%,分为25种血清型,肠炎沙门菌居多。其中0～2岁的婴幼儿检出率较高,占52.27%(46/88)。PFGE结果:16株肠炎沙门菌分成14个PFGE型、12株斯坦利沙门菌分成11个PFGE型、14株鼠伤寒沙门菌分成14个PFGE型、6株德尔卑沙门菌分成5个PFGE型;对菌株间的相似性进行比较发现两个100%同源的肠炎沙门菌PFGE型,其他菌株的分子特征的相似性不大,鸡源菌株与人源菌株的分子特征相似性不大;对12种抗菌药物的耐药率在50%以下,不同的血清型耐药率各不相同,耐药较严重的为德尔卑沙门菌。440份活体鸡肛拭子分离出的非伤寒沙门菌5株,分离率为1.14%,共分得4种血清型,其中姆班达卡沙门菌病人中未检出。结论 该地区由非伤寒沙门菌引起腹泻的感染率高,尤以婴幼儿多见,患者与鸡未发现有同一克隆株,对常用抗生素有很好的敏感性。     

腹泻患儿粪便中沙门菌的血清型、药敏分析及脉冲场凝胶电泳分子分型研究

目的 研究2019年北京市朝阳区0-10岁腹泻患儿粪便中分离出的沙门菌的血清型、PFGE分子分型研究及耐药特点。方法 对分离自腹泻患儿病例的47株沙门菌进行血清分型,采用微量肉汤稀释法进行27种抗生素的药敏实验;采用PFGE脉冲场凝胶电泳进行指纹图谱分型研究。结果 47株沙门分为9种血清型,优势血清型两种,分别为肠炎沙门菌23株占48.94%,鼠伤寒沙门菌14株占29.79%。47株沙门菌对磺胺异恶唑耐药率(57.45%)最高,其次为氨苄西林(48.94%)和链霉素(48.94%)。23株肠炎沙门菌可分成8个PFGE指纹图谱,15株鼠伤寒沙门菌可分成14个PFGE指纹图谱。结论 北京市朝阳区0-10岁儿童食源性沙门菌血清主要为肠炎沙门菌和鼠伤寒沙门菌,各血清型的耐药性有所不同,PFGE指纹图谱呈多样性。     

2016年上海市市售肉制品中沙门菌耐药谱与分型研究

目的 研究上海市市售肉制品中沙门菌血清型、耐药谱和分子分型特征。方法 2016年1～8月在上海市所辖16个行政区,随机选择1个密集型社区,抽取1家超市或市场作为哨点,定期采集畜、禽类肉制品,按国家食品安全风险评估中心(CFSA)食源性疾病监测方案进行沙门菌分离、血清分型、抗生素定量检测与剂量评估、优势菌的分子分型。结果 606份样品包括猪、鸡、鸭、牛、羊、鹅肉制品,共分离沙门菌158株,总阳性率为26.1%,畜肉和禽肉来源分别占52.5%(83/158)和47.5%(75/158)。前5位沙门菌血清型依次为肠炎沙门菌、鼠伤寒沙门菌、德尔卑沙门菌、罗森沙门菌和印第安纳沙门菌,畜肉和禽肉来源优势菌型间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);菌株对磺胺异噁唑耐药率最高(79.7%,126/158),对链霉素、萘啶酸、氨苄西林、四环素和氯霉素耐药率在38.0%～77.8%,多重耐药(MDR)菌株(≥3类)占77.8%(123/158),猪肉来源沙门菌对庆大霉素、链霉素、磺胺异噁唑、复方新诺明、氯霉素、四环素耐药率均高于鸡肉来源沙门菌,鸡肉来源沙门菌对头孢噻呋、头孢曲松、萘啶酸耐药率均高于猪肉来源沙门菌,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),32.9%(52/158)的菌株对至少6种抗生素超检测限值;肠炎沙门菌有15个分型,以1型和3型为优势型;鼠伤寒沙门菌有23个分型,具有遗传多样性特征。结论 上海市市售肉制品沙门菌暴露以猪肉和鸡肉来源为主,肉制品中多重耐药沙门菌污染严重。猪肉来源的罗森沙门菌和鸡肉来源的吉韦沙门菌是新输入性的血清型。     

鼠伤寒沙门菌对抗生素和消毒剂耐药性研究

目的检测302株食品源、动物源和人源鼠伤寒沙门菌(Salmonella enterica Typhimurium)对抗生素和消毒剂的耐药表型,测定消毒剂耐药基因型,并分析鼠伤寒沙门菌对抗生素和消毒剂耐药的相关性。方法纸片扩散法测定鼠伤寒沙门菌对16种抗生素的耐药性,微量肉汤稀释法测定4种消毒剂的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentrations, MICs),聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)检测消毒剂的耐药基因。结果鼠伤寒沙门菌分离株中96.03%(290/302)至少对一种抗生素有耐药性,79.80%(241/302)是多重耐药(multidrug resistant, MDR)菌株。分离株对链霉素的耐药率最高(78.81%,238/302),其次是磺胺复合物(78.15%,236/302)、四环素(75.50%,228/302)、氨苄青霉素(71.85%,217/302),所有分离株均对头孢吡肟和亚胺培南敏感。食品源鼠伤寒沙门菌对磺胺复合物、四环素、氨苄西林、萘啶酸和庆大霉素的耐药率均高于动物源和人源鼠伤寒沙门菌,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);动物源鼠伤寒沙门菌对环丙沙星和氧氟沙星的耐药率高于食品源和人源鼠伤寒沙门菌,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);人源鼠伤寒沙门菌对头孢噻肟和头孢他啶的耐药率高于食品源和动物源分离株。消毒剂苯扎氯铵、三氯生、三氯异氰尿酸和聚维酮碘对鼠伤寒沙门菌分离株的MICs范围分别为2～64、0.031 25～1、32～1 024和256～1 024 mg/L。食品源与动物源鼠伤寒沙门菌对苯扎氯铵、三氯生和聚维酮碘的耐药率高于人源鼠伤寒沙门菌,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。分离株中消毒剂耐药基因qacEΔ1、sugE(p)和qacE检出率分别为56.95%(172/302)、20.53%(62/302)和2.65%(8/302),qacEΔ1基因与鼠伤寒沙门菌对β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类、四环素类、氟喹诺酮类、磺胺类、氯霉素类和喹诺酮类的耐药性显著相关(P0.01)。结论鼠伤寒沙门菌对抗生素耐药普遍,多重耐药率较高,并表现对消毒剂的耐药,鼠伤寒沙门菌对抗生素和消毒剂耐药存在相关性。     

2012—2018年广州市海珠区不同来源沙门菌分离株血清学分型及生化分析

目的 了解2012—2018年广州市海珠区沙门菌食品污染物监测分离株、食物中毒分离株、从业人员健康体检分离株的血清学分型及生化分析。方法 2012—2018年分离416株沙门菌,包括28株食物中毒菌株、5株食品污染物监测菌株、383株体检人群菌株,对其进行血清学分型、生化鉴定。结果 416株沙门菌鉴定出40个血清型,其中鼠伤寒沙门菌56株(13.5%),肠炎沙门菌46株(11.1%),德尔卑沙门菌41株(9.9%),其他血清型273株(65.6%)。沙门菌以A～F群血清型为主,同时检出多例罕见血清型。结论 广州市海珠区人群中沙门菌的血清型众多且分布广,鼠伤寒沙门菌、肠炎沙门菌、德尔卑沙门菌为海珠区优势沙门菌血清型；开展沙门菌血清型监测,对该菌引发的疾病有重要意义。     

Surveillance and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella strains isolated from slaughtered pigs in Spain

The prevalence of and the antibiotic resistance shown by Salmonella isolated from pigs in Andalusia (southern Spain) is reported. Salmonella enterica was recovered from 40 (33%) of 121 sampled herds, and a total of 65 isolates were serotyped. The most common Salmonella serotypes were Typhimurium and Rissen (30.7% each); others included Derby (9.2%), Brandenburg (9.2%), Newport (7.7%), Bredeney (4.6%), Anatum (3.0%), Hadar (1.5%), and Goldcoast (1.5%). One strain (1.5%) belonging to the monophasic variant of the Typhimurium serotype (Salmonella 4,5,12:i: -) was also detected. Definitive phage type (DT) 104b was the most common Typhimurium phage type isolated. These Salmonella strains were resistant to various antimicrobial agents, including tetracycline (84.6%), streptomycin (69.2%), neomycin (63.0%), sulfonamides (61.5%), ampicillin (53.8%), and amoxicillin (53.8%). All isolates were fully susceptible to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and colistin. Thirty-nine strains (64%) resistant to four or more antimicrobial agents were defined as multidrug resistant. Multidrug resistance profiles were observed in Salmonella serotypes Typhimurium, Rissen, Brandenburg, Bredeney, a monophasic variant, Gold-coast, Hadar, and Anatum, with serotypes Typhimurium and Brandenburg showing the most complicated resistance patterns (resistant to > or = 11 drugs).     

温州市食品中沙门菌污染状况及特征分析

目的了解温州市食品中沙门菌的污染状况,分析分离的沙门菌血清型分布、耐药性及脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分子分型特征。方法依据GB 4789.4—2016《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验沙门氏菌检验》进行菌株分离鉴定及血清学分型,采用微量肉汤稀释法进行药敏试验,PFGE法进行分子分型。结果 6类食品2 039份样品中,37份样品检出沙门菌,检出率为1.8%,其中生禽肉和生畜肉检出率较高,分别为6.9%(20/290)和3.4%(10/290)。37株沙门菌分属16种血清型,居前三位分别为鼠伤寒沙门菌、德尔卑沙门菌和肠炎沙门菌。81.1%(30/37)的菌株对17种抗生素产生不同程度的耐药,呈现24种耐药谱,多重耐药率为56.8%(21/37)。PFGE图谱分为31种PFGE带型,呈多态性。结论沙门菌在温州市食品中存在一定的污染率,耐药情况形式严峻,PFGE图谱的聚集性与沙门菌的血清型有一定的联系,与耐药谱之间的关联性并不明确。     

Antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp. from animal sources in Spain in 1996 and 2000

Emergence of resistant and multiresistant bacteria has become an important worldwide sanitary problem. International agencies recommend improving resistance surveillance studies in not only human but also animal origin strains. Because of its ubiquitous characteristics and zoonotic agent consideration, Salmonella spp. can be used as a good indicator microorganism for resistance surveillance studies. Salmonella spp. strains from animal sources isolated in 1996 (107) and 2000 (474) in Spain were tested against 12 different antimicrobials agents, using the disc diffusion method. Results were interpreted following the NCCLS criteria. Data showed that Salmonella spp. strains (61.7% in 1996 and 81.5% in 2000) were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Pig-related strains were considerably more resistant than strains from other sources. Enteritidis serotype was less resistant than other serotypes, except for ampicillin in 1996 (50% resistant) and nalidixic acid in 2000 (65.1% resistant). An emergent monophasic serotype, 4,5,12:i:-, first detected in 1997 in Spain was 100% resistant and 90% multiresistant. Typhimurium serotype was the most common Salmonella serotype from animal sources in both years. It was widely distributed among animals and was among the serotypes with a higher degree of resistance. The ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, streptomycin, and tetracycline resistance pattern, commonly associated with Salmonella serotype Typhimurium DT 104, had spread among other Typhimurium phage types and other Salmonella serotypes. Salmonella spp. strains isolated from feeding stuffs were considerably more susceptible than animal source strains, suggesting that the high Salmonella spp. resistance percentage was probably due to the use of antibiotics in animal farms rather than the consumption of contaminated feeding stuffs.     

北京市顺义区腹泻病例分离沙门氏菌耐药特征分析

目的 对北京市顺义区腹泻病例分离的沙门氏菌进行耐药特征分析.方法 2个收集2013-2018年北京市顺义区腹泻病例粪便标本,对标本进行沙门氏菌分离培养、生化鉴定和血清分型,使用微量肉汤法对分离的沙门氏菌菌株进行26种抗菌药物的敏感性检测,开展耐药率、非敏感率、多重耐药率和耐药谱分析.结果 腹泻病例沙门氏菌检出率为5.4...     

Antimicrobial resistance and phage and molecular typing of Salmonella strains isolated from food for human consumption in Spain

The aims of this study were to ascertain the population structure and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovars isolated in 2002 from food in 16 Spanish regions. Serovars were characterized by serotyping, phage typing, antimicrobial susceptibility, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing, and 264 nonrelated strains were selected for further analysis. The main sources were eggs and their derivatives (21.6% of strains), poultry and related products (16.6%), and seafood (16.3%). High serotype diversity was detected (51 serotypes); the most common were Enteritidis (n = 96, 36.3%) and Typhimurium (n = 53, 20.1%), followed by a miscellaneous group of 49 different serotypes (n = 115, 43.5%). A 15% increase in Salmonella Enteritidis isolation was observed. Common phage types for Salmonella Enteritidis were PT1 (41.6% of isolates), PT4 (9.4%), PT6 (9.4%), and PT6a (9.4%), and common types for Salmonella Typhimurium were DTU302 (18.8%), DT104 (15.1%), and DT104B (13.2%). Salmonella Enteritidis strains were categorized into eight PFGE types with a similarity of 81 to 96%, and 73.9% of the strains were grouped into just one cluster. Salmonella Typhimurium isolates were divided into 13 PFGE types with a similarity of 64 to 86%, and one predominant clone contained 41.5% of the strains. Resistance rates for Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, and the miscellaneous group were, respectively, 8.3, 69.8, and 13.9% for ampicillin, 3.1, 52.8, and 59% for streptomycin, 40.6, 22.6, and 10.4% for nalidixic acid, 15.6, 71.7, and 31.1% for tetracycline, 7.3, 18.8, and 9.5% for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 0, 50.9, and 4.3% for chloramphenicol, and 6.2, 71.7, and 17.4% for multiple (at least four) antimicrobials. All the strains remained susceptible to other beta-lactams and fluoroquinolones. Surveillance of S. enterica isolated from food is strongly recommended to reduce community exposure to antimicrobial resistant strains.     

天津地区鸡源沙门氏菌的基因分型研究

目的 研究并评估几种分子分型方法对亲缘关系相近沙门氏菌的分辨能力。方法 针对2015-2016年从天津市大型市场和超市中分离的106株沙门氏菌及其全基因组测序结果,分析了沙门氏菌的血清型、STs,并通过PFGE、cgMLST以及一种基于59个基因的分型方法对沙门氏菌进行分子分型研究。结果 106株沙门氏菌共分为8种血清型(肠炎沙门氏菌(n=94)、印第安纳沙门氏菌(n=4)、肯塔基沙门氏菌(n=2)、哈达尔沙门氏菌(n=2)、汤普森沙门氏菌(n=1)、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(n=1)、田纳西沙门氏菌(n=1)和阿哥纳沙门氏菌(n=1))和8个ST型;PFGE分型方法将沙门氏菌分为7个集群,cgMLST分为8个集群,59个基因的分型方法将亲缘关系相近的分离株分为9个集群。结论 血清型分析表明肠炎沙门氏菌为这些沙门氏菌中的优势亚型,并与ST型结果一致;PFGE显示7个集群中包含一个优势集群,多为肠炎亚型;cgMLST具有最高的分辨率,将106株沙门氏菌分为8个集群;建立的基于59个基因的分子分型方法将沙门氏菌分为9个集群,分型结果表明此方法可以满足对亲缘关系相近沙门氏菌的分型研究。     

2013—2016年泉州市感染性腹泻病例中沙门菌血清学鉴定及耐药性分析

目的 分析2013—2016年泉州市食源性疾病监测哨点医院感染性腹泻病例中沙门菌的血清型及细菌耐药性,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法 对送检的腹泻患者标本进行沙门菌增菌培养和分离鉴定,采用传统玻片凝集法和液相悬浮芯片技术(xMAP)法进行血清学分型,微量肉汤稀释法进行药敏试验,用Excel软件处理数据。结果 460份标本中有73份检出沙门菌,共分离到沙门菌73株(15.87%),检出11个血清型,主要血清型为圣保罗沙门菌(42.47%,31/73)、阿雷查瓦莱塔沙门菌(16.44%,12/73)和布利丹沙门菌(12.33%,9/73)。玻片凝集法检出61株(83.56%,61/73)完整血清型,12株不确定血清型,液相悬浮芯片技术法确定了71株(97.26%,71/73)完整血清型,仅2株未确定。药敏试验显示沙门菌对头孢唑林、头孢替坦和妥布霉素3种抗生素的耐药率高达100.00%(73/73),其次为阿米卡星(95.89%,70/73)和庆大霉素(84.93%,62/73),对厄他培南、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、呋喃妥英这4种抗生素不具有耐药性。结论 泉州市感染性腹泻病例中沙门菌已对多种抗生素产生较高的耐药性,临床上应及时了解沙门菌的血清型分布及其耐药情况,合理选择抗菌药物。     

Salmonella serotypes isolated from nonhuman sources in São Paulo,Brazil, from 1996 through 2000

A total of 4,581 Salmonella strains isolated from nonhuman sources, including foodstuffs associated with foodborne Salmonella outbreaks, from January 1996 through December 2000 were serotyped at the Enteropathogens Laboratory, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, S?o Paulo, Brazil. Among the 123 different serotypes identified, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Enteritidis (Salmonella Enteritidis) was the most prevalent (32.7%), ranking first for almost every kind of source. The next most common serotypes were Salmonella Senftenberg (10.3%), Salmonella Hadar (6.8%), Salmonella Agona (5.1%), and Salmonella Typhimurium (2.4%). Rough strains belonging to the subspecies S. enterica subsp. enterica (4.8%), S. enterica subsp. arizonae (<1%), S. enterica subsp. diarizonae (<1%), and S. enterica subsp. houtenae (<1%) were also detected. Foodstuffs (including poultry meat for consumption) contained 38.1% of the studied Salmonella strains, poultry flocks (from several farms under salmonellosis control by the owners) contained 21.7%, the environment contained 10.6%, sewage contained 9.4%, water contained 6.6%, animal feed contained 4.4%, chill water from poultry-processing operations contained 2.2%, and other sources contained 7.0%. Foodstuffs extensively contaminated with Salmonella strains were poultry meat (40%), cow meat (11%), desserts (8%), mayonnaise (6%), sausage (5%), and unpasteurized shell eggs (4%), and there were several other food sources (26%). Homemade mayonnaise was the most common vehicle for Salmonella foodborne outbreaks, and Salmonella Enteritidis was the serotype most isolated (95%) from that source. According to these data and previously published data concerning Salmonella strains isolated in S?o Paulo State, almost the same serotypes have predominated among nonhuman sources for the last decade.     

2003-2010年山东省食源性沙门菌血清分型及药敏分析

目的了解2003—2010年山东省食源性沙门菌的血清型分布及耐药情况,为制定政策提供科学依据。方法根据GB/T 4789—2008《食品卫生微生物学检验》方法进行沙门菌菌种鉴定和血清分型;采用临床实验室标准研究所(CLSI)推荐的微量肉汤稀释法进行药物敏感性试验和结果判读,确定耐药表型。结果 120株确定血清型沙门菌分属5个群(8个亚群)24个血清型,肠炎和德比沙门菌为最常见血清型。胥瓦增格隆、维也纳、布里丹、明斯特、乌赫利等9种血清型为2010年首次检出血清型。126株沙门菌对14种抗生素均有不同程度的耐药,萘啶酮酸的耐药率最高(61.90%),其次为四环素(33.33%)、氨苄青霉素(31.75%)、磺胺嘧啶(26.19%);而敏感性以头孢吡肟最高(5.37%),其次是阿米卡星(9.52%)、环丙沙星(10.32%)。结论山东省食源性沙门菌耐药形势严峻,应加强畜牧养殖业中抗生素使用的管理,从食物链的源头和动物食品生产过程中采取合理的干预措施,保障食品安全。