基于JIT的无B/C类成品库存方法研究

针对实施JIT的现有库存控制方法进行了探讨,认为完全地追求“零库存”不适合我国制造业现状,并从供应链管理的角度引入提出了与JIT相匹配的无B／C类成品库存供应链管理策略方法,指出了应用时的实施要点。     

Emerging trends in supply chain architecture

This paper traces significant developments in technology, quality, measurement, and relationships that have led to the study of supply chain networks. The paper introduces five principles of supply chain networks—velocity, variability, vocalize, visualize, and value—that have moved supply chain architecture from an art to a science. Finally, the paper uses each principle to point to an important, emerging trend in supply chain architecture.     

Risk, risk aversion and the optimal time to produce

This paper studies the order-fulfillment process of a supplier producing a customized capital good. When they decide at what time to begin production, suppliers in these industries typically face the following dilemma. On the one hand, their customers expect them to be responsive and the time that they are prepared to wait for the product is much shorter than the time needed to produce and deliver it. On the other hand, it is risky for the suppliers to start production before the customers confirm their orders due to inventory holding costs and the possibility of order cancellation. We offer a model to help understand this dilemma and investigate the comparative statics effects of lead time, lead time uncertainty and the risk aversion of the supplier. Relative to existing work, our model has two novel components: demand distribution updating and the supplier's risk attitude. Previous empirical studies reveal that the supplier is very conservative when commencing the order fulfillment. The studies attribute this to high holding and cancellation costs relative to the delay cost. Our model provides two alternative explanations. First, other than costs, when the supplier starts to produce depends also on how the distribution of the demand arrival time is updated as time progresses. Second, although the effect of increasing risk aversion of the supplier on the optimal time to produce is ambiguous, we show that it plays a major role in the decision and thus it alone may have caused the supplier to be conservative.     

Fuzzy QFD for supply chain management with reliability consideration

Although many products are made through several tiers of supply chains, a systematic way of handling reliability issues in a various product planning stage has drawn attention, only recently, in the context of supply chain management (SCM). The main objective of this paper is to develop a fuzzy quality function deployment (QFD) model in order to convey fuzzy relationship between customers needs and design specification for reliability in the context of SCM. A fuzzy multi criteria decision-making procedure is proposed and is applied to find a set of optimal solution with respect to the performance of the reliability test needed in CRT design. It is expected that the proposed approach can make significant contributions on the following areas: effectively communicating with technical personnel and users; developing relatively error-free reliability review system; and creating consistent and complete documentation for design for reliability.     

Analyzing the effect of inventory policies on the nonstationary performance with transfer functions

In this paper we apply transfer function methods to analyze the performance of supply chains in response to nonstationary demand and, in particular, we investigate how various inventory policies and demand forecasting parameters affect supply chain responsiveness. In a single-echelon inventory system we investigate the performance of a common base stock policy. Specifically, we describe the order and inventory trajectories using discrete transfer functions, and we derive closed-form analytical expressions for the transient behavior in response to a step change in demand. We introduce performance measures commonly used to analyze nonstationary performance and derive closed-form expressions for these measures. Next, we study the performance of a two-echelon supply chain under installation stock and echelon stock policies. We explicate the performance tradeoff in response to stationary versus nonstationary demand, and show that the transient response of orders and inventory levels can be either underdamped or overdamped depending on the exponential smoothing parameter. We show that the echelon stock policy is more responsive than the installation stock policy when both policies have similar stationary performances.     

Supplier selection using fuzzy association rules mining approach

Owing to ill-structured, dynamic environments and the presence of multiple decision-makers with conflicting viewpoints, comprehension, analysis and support of the supplier evaluation process becomes more and more difficult. Moreover, with the complexities of issues such as the role of leadership, the influence of group formation, and analysis of disagreements, it cannot be predictable that there will ever exist a solution to cope with all imprecise, multi-criteria/multi-actor situations. A fuzzy association rules-based approach may be suited for the judgement of human subjects. In this paper, we develop an approach based on Fuzzy Association Rule Mining to support the decision makers by enhancing the flexibility in making decisions for evaluating suppliers with both tangibles and intangibles attributes. Also, by checking the fuzzy classification rules, the goal of knowledge acquisition can be achieved in a framework in which assessments could be established without constraints, and consequently checked and compared in several details. The efficacy and intricacy of the proposed model for finding fuzzy association rules from the database for supplier assessment is demonstrated with the help of numerical examples.     

An integrated producer–buyer relationship in the environment of EMQ and JIT production systems

The philosophy of this paper is to build up a strong bond between a producer and a buyer. In this respect, an integrated producer–buyer inventory model with constant demand and small lot size is framed in two different production environments: an EMQ (economic manufacturing quantity)-based production environment and a JIT (just-in-time)-based production environment. Imperfect production with rework is considered for the producer while shortage and backlogging are introduced for the buyer. The joint total cost of the producer and buyer is minimised to determine the optimum rate of production and optimum shortage period for both cases. A comparative study is performed between these two cases using the numerical results in order to make a decision concerning the choice of a more convenient production system for small lot sizes. Sensitivity analyses are carried out together for both cases.     

Efficacy of environmental and supplier relationship investments—moderating effects of external environment

Supply chains competing today seemingly have to be able to cut costs in the face of global competition while simultaneously keeping up with rapid technological change. External stakeholders have much higher expectations in terms of environmental and social performance than they did in the past. This research is an initial step in directing operational investments in this new, complicated marketplace. Specifically we examine the efficacy of investing in buyer supplier relationships and environmental management while controlling for the competitive environment. A significant contribution of this research is that operational performance is not treated as a uni-dimensional construct. The end result is a more complete understanding of the specific performance benefits of each type of investment.     

An integrated approach for production and distribution planning in supply chain management

Many firms have been trying to optimize their production and distribution systems separately, but using this approach limits any possible increase in profit. Thus, it is becoming more important to analyse these two systems simultaneously. This paper presents the solutions for integrated production and distribution planning and investigates the effectiveness of their integration through a computational study, in a multi-plant, multi-retailer, multi-item, and multi-period logistic environment where the objective is to maximize the total net profit. Computational results on test problems using the proposed heuristic confirm the substantial advantage of the integrated planning approach over the decoupled one. Sensitivity analysis on the input parameters indicates that, under the right conditions, the effectiveness of integrating production and distribution functions can be extremely high.     

供应链上的不确定因素与库存

的生产系统中有大量不必要的库存,这些库存存在很大程度上是由于供应链上的不确定因素造成的。供应链管理通过对代价 给与需求信息的集成使库存的结构发生了变化,同时也改变了生产管理水平与库存水平的相互关系。     

An Objective-Oriented Rating System of Vendor Quality Performance

This article establishes a rating system for vendor's performance from the orientation of customer satisfaction by objective-orientation driving. Its purpose is to provide a methodology of “how to integrate the capability between vendor and manufacturer and to apply different strategies under the needs of quality improvement.”

The study is undertaken to specify the interaction and the mutual movement among the three groups in the supply chain “Vendor-Manufacturer-Customer” and to integrate the results of four factors: incoming inspection, performance of line reject, service quality of vendor, and product reliability. It tries to transform these factors into measurable, quantitative, just-in-time (JIT) parameters that are utilized in the planning and establishment of this rating system of vendor's performance. The concept of objective orientation is adopted in the “performance” calculations.

We obtain a very satisfactory completeness, flexibility, effectiveness, and sensitivity of parameters-to-model from the results of simulation and demonstration. The multi-parameters rating system of this study can be very beneficial to manufacturers in selecting the best vendor and in driving quality improvements.     

供应链中的Web数据库通用交互方式

针对目前Internet上各种数据库访问方法存在的缺点,本文提出了一种新型的通用Webry数据库访问模型,并阐述了在企业物流管理供应链中的应用方案,为供应链的计算机网络数据传输提供了新的解决途径。     

供应链管理在包装印刷企业中的应用

分析了供应铁管理原理,探讨了供应铁管理在包装印刷企业中的应用,最后强调了印刷企业实施供应铁管理的步骤及注意事项。     

供应链管理的本质

供应链管理是近来人们关注的问题。本文介绍了供应链管理的概念、供应链的本质及其基本结构，以及供应链的建模方法。还以实例论述了供应链管理对改进服务、缩小库存成本的作用。