绿色制造和并行工程的一种集成模式

通过对绿色制造和并行工程２种现代制造模式的分析和比较,提出把绿色制造的思想集成在并行设计系统中的设想,从而建立起一种绿色制造和并行工程的集成模式－嵌套式绿色并行工程,并对该模式下的设计框架和产品需求的拓扑结构进行了探讨。     

建筑工程并行设计研究

介绍了并行工程的定义和特点；针对并行工程对建筑产品开发过程的要求，构建了建筑工程并行设计实施的集成框架，包括并行设计集成的内容、集成的功能及以三域划分的总体结构；论述了建筑工程并行设计实施的特点；构建了基于共享数据库的各专业设计层次的关系。     

基于虚拟企业生命周期的质量管理

阐述了虚拟企业生命周期理论，提出了基于虚拟企业全生命周期的质量环，对虚拟企业的生成期、运行期、发展期和终止期各阶段的质量管理问题进行了全过程的系统论述，认为虚拟企业的质量管理不仅是产品实现过程的质量管理，更是一个贯穿于虚拟企业生命周期的动态的系统管理过程。     

基于CORBA供需链管理系统的实现

基于分布对象技术CORBA,代理用Web技术提出了一种敏捷供需链管理系统的实施方案,在分布,异构环境下实现应用系统集成。     

Design for manufacturing and assembly/disassembly: joint design of products and production systems

Design for Manufacturing, Assembly, and Disassembly is important in today’s production systems because if this aspect is not considered, it could lead to inefficient operations and excessive material usage, both of which have a significant impact on manufacturing cost and time. Attention to this topic is important in achieving the target standards of Industry 4.0 which is inclusive of material utilisation, manufacturing operations, machine utilisation, features selection of the products, and development of suitable interfaces with information communication technologies (ICT) and other evolving technologies. Design for manufacturing (DFM) and Design for Assembly (DFA) have been around since the 1980’s for rectifying and overcoming the difficulties and waste related to the manufacturing as well as assembly at the design stage. Furthermore, this domain includes a decision support system and knowledge base with manufacturing and design guidelines following the adoption of ICT. With this in mind, ‘Design for manufacturing and assembly/disassembly: Joint design of products and production systems’, a special issue has been conceived and its contents are elaborated in detail. In this paper, a background of the topics pertaining to DFM, DFA and related topics seen in today’s manufacturing systems are discussed. The accepted papers of this issue are categorised in multiple sections and their significant features are outlined.     

Material and design considerations for rapid manufacturing

An investigation into how the advent of Rapid Manufacturing will influence an individual designer's approach to product design and materials selection is detailed. The assumption is made that Rapid Prototyping machines have evolved into viable manufacturing systems and all associated problems with accuracy, surface finish and repeatability have been resolved. Without the restriction of removing a product from a tool, designers will be free to design any complexity of geometry that they either desire or require. This tool-less approach to manufacturing will have profound implications on the way designers are accustomed to working and will eliminate most Design for Manufacture considerations. Design investigations are presented to highlight the potential importance and scope of Rapid Manufacturing. With advances in a new range of materials, some Rapid Manufacturing is happening today—albeit with existing Rapid Prototyping equipment. However, to enable designers to use existing Rapid Prototyping equipment for manufacturing purposes, there is a need for comprehensive information relating to the mechanical properties of the available materials. This is required to enable ‘Design for Rapid Manufacture’. The most comprehensive analysis to date of three new materials aimed for end-use part manufacture at differing ages, humidities and temperatures is presented.     

Integrated product development

Manufacturing and design are very closely related. The manufacturing capabilities available impact the scope of design, while design for manufacturing ensures the economic success of the products. Furthermore, the major goals of firms in the nineties are to significantly reduce product costs and time to market (TTM). To meet these goals, quality product designs that meet customers’ needs have to be developed. Design methods such as Quality Function Deployment and Pugh’s concept selection technique have been used to significantly improve engineering design processes. Developed as separate tools, however, they are difficult to integrate and coordinate in the total design process, since the relationship of the two methods is often unclear. This paper demonstrates, through a case study, that these methods are in fact results of a similar underlying concept. Design problems and solutions are unified by the concept of engineering models. An engineering model is a set of equations that relates the design variables to the performance metrics used to quantify performance of a product. Together with the engineering models, Quality Function Deployment and Pugh’s concept selection technique have been used in the design and development of a hematology machine from concept to prototype.     

Designing a Senior Capstone Course to Satisfy Industrial Customers

It is sometimes forgotten that industry is an important customer of engineering education. Ignoring this relationship has produced graduates that often fail to meet the changing needs of industry in today's competitive environment. On the basis of feedback from our industrial customers, faculty from Mechanical Engineering and Manufacturing Engineering at Brigham Young University have jointly developed a new senior capstone design course entitled “Integrated Product and Process Design.” This new capstone course is centered on industrial design and manufacturing projects. These projects involve both product and process design activities. Multidisciplinary teams of students are taught a structured development approach to produce typical industrial deliverables. These deliverables include a functional specification, product and process design, prototype, and first production sample. This paper identifies changing industrial needs, describes how the course was designed to meet these needs, and presents results from the initial offerings of the course.     

On the Sensitivity of Mechanical Properties of Woven-Fabrics to the Draping Process: Static and Dynamic Assessment Through a CAE-Based Approach

Manufacturing processes are often considered the final stage of the design. As a matter of fact, it is during the manufacturing that material properties are ultimately determined. This is especially true for composite materials, whose manufacturing processes are often lowly automated and thus subject to the low repeatability of manual operations. Manufacturing simulations tools are becoming available to support the definition of the manufacturing process and assess the manufacturability of composite parts. The present paper proposes a reversed approach to the laminate design process which starts from the manufacturing simulation in order to quantify the impact of the process on the mechanical properties of the as-produced part. An automotive component is chosen and different woven-fabrics structures are considered to determine their sensitivity to the shearing phenomenon. Homogenization of material properties is performed on a local basis, depending on the local geometry modifications undergone by the reinforcement. Stiffness is then predicted through both static and dynamic analysis. In order to prove the effectiveness of the approach, the obtained results are compared to classic laminate modelling.     

From Drafting to Modern Design Representation: The Evolution of Engineering Design Graphics

This paper briefly reviews the evolution of Engineering Design Graphics (EDG) from ancient times to the modern era. It reports on recent research concerning educational aspects of design representation and its transition from the immediate past dominated by engineering drawings to the current state based on solid geometric modeling. This research resulted in a current EDG curriculum model which is presented here in some detail. On-going trends in design representation are indicated which suggest that in the near future a designer will create a single computer-based product model to be used for all aspects of design, analysis, production, and maintenance. To keep abreast with these advances in design representation, curricular changes in Engineering Design Graphics are proposed which will foster implementation of Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) programs of the near future.     

A FUTURE FOR STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION IN AEROSPACE

Computer-based structural optimization is now a reasonably mature technology. Nevertheless, a need for further research is highlighted in the areas of dynamics, where there is dificulty in the formulation of well-posed problems, and the integration of detail-stressing within the overall design of large engineering products, where the problem is one of scale. The principal challenge to the extensive application of structural optimization in the coming years is seen to relate to its integration within an overall multi-disciplinary design process. Different approaches to the problem of multidisciplinary design are outlined. The overall context, including the influence of Concurrent Engineering and the role of digital product models and data communication standards, are discussed.     

Original equipment manufacturers (OEM) manufacturing strategy for network innovation agility: the case of Taiwanese manufacturing networks

Manufacturing companies in newly industrialized countries contribute substantially to their global innovation networks. Those manufacturers perform not only production and physical distribution functions, but also design and engineering functions in the processes of bringing new products world-wide. This paper examines the relationship between manufacturing strategy of those original equipment manufacturers (OEM) suppliers and network innovation agility. No single best strategy can fit all OEM suppliers. They can choose either to be dedicated OEM service providers or to sell their own-brand products. Either strategy can be effective in terms of innovation agility. However, once the OEM manufacturing strategy has been chosen, a manufacturer should adopt an appropriate way to manage its product innovation process. A dedicated OEM supplier should emphasize manufacturing flexibility and pursue a product modularity strategy to enhance network innovation agility, while cross-functional integration is the key for successful manufacturers with own-brand products. For both dedicated OEM suppliers and own-brand ones, market orientation is essential for network innovation agility. Managerial implications and future research directions are discussed.     

基于成组技术的敏捷生产模式

简要分析了成组技术由单项技术向与网络技术相结合的综合性技术的转变,初步分析了敏捷性企业的静态与动态敏捷性度量指标的关系及敏捷生产的运作方式,建立了以成组技术为基础的敏捷生产模式,强调人员、组织、管理、技术的集成,并从管理角度出发,以成组哲理为基础,建立工作团队,并行完成设计、工艺、制造、管理等工作,以敏捷地适应市场需求。     

Variant-based cost estimation based on Information Management

Based on the product information structure related to the Manufacturing Engineering Reference Model, a method for variant-based cost estimation is proposed. The structure defines a product in terms of elements and their relations. The elements and their properties constitute product characteristics that can be used to compare products. For proper use in different engineering processes, the product characteristics are related to the four cost drivers - geometry, material, processes and production planning. The main advantage of the proposed method is a more flexible way of defining and valuing product characteristics without the use of rigid product classes and codes.     

Sustainability characterisation for manufacturing processes

Manufacturing industries lack the measurement science and the needed information base to measure and effectively compare environmental performances of manufacturing processes, across resources and associated services with respect to sustainability. The current use of ad hoc methods and tools to assess and describe sustainability of manufactured products does not necessarily account for manufacturing processes explicitly, and hence results in inaccurate and ambiguous comparisons. Such comparisons do not proactively contribute to sustainability improvement. Further, we identified that there are no formal methods for acquiring and exchanging information that help establish a consolidated sustainability information base. Our ultimate goal is to develop the needed measurement science and methodology to evaluate sustainability of fundamental manufacturing processes to ensure reliable and consistent comparisons. As a precursor, based on a literature study, this paper identifies the required elements to evaluate sustainability performance for manufacturing with a focus on the environmental impact. Societal and economic impacts, although equally important, are beyond the scope of discussion in this paper. In this paper, we first discuss identified manufacturing process classifications, sustainable manufacturing indicators and computable metrics, relevant information models and software tools, a conceptual model for sustainability characterisation, and finally, conclude with an overview of the future research directions.     

制造与再制造决策的优化

产品回收再利用越来越受到重视，许多原产商都积极地进行回收再制造。再制造与制造过程通常会共用一些相同的生产资源，由此出现的问题就是如何协调这两者的作业，使之达到最优。本文假定制造与再制造产品可以互相替换，着重探讨了当制造提前时间小于或等于再制造提前时间时，制造与再制造的最优策略。     

设计是人类未来不被毁灭的“第三种智慧”

设计从一开始就是为了解决“小生产方式”不适应“大生产方式”而被催生出来的一种生产关系,它将被证实为人类未来不被毁灭的,除科学和艺术之外的第三种智慧和能力。在经济全球化、技术潜能扩延、需求地域化、消费个性化的当今,设计本来应有的职责被严重地歪曲了,人类未来生存方式的变革正在酝酿。设计拉动型制造业将成为我国制造业发展的方向,从而促进我国从制造大国变为制造强国和设计强国。     

An integrated framework for protective packaging design and manufacture

Computer-based techniques are becoming more widely used to solve design and manufacturing problems, but some firms remain sceptical as to its technical functionalities in providing realistic price/performance improvement and flexibility. The local protective packaging industry is one of those where computers are not widely used to automate the various stages of design and manufacture. A fundamental deficiency in the data integration, therefore, exists between these two processes. This paper describes an integrated technological approach to the design and manufacture of polyfoam protective products. The work will involve the use of knowledge-based techniques for protective packaging design, automated procedures for mould design, and an information communication link to the production of prototype samples and moulded products. Special emphasis would also be made as to the nature and integration of data between the various areas.