Supply chain planning in the German automotive industry

Following the evolution in the computer industry, quite a lot of car manufacturers currently intend to move from a built-to-stock oriented production of standardized cars towards a customized built-to-order (BTO) production. In the premium segment of Germanys automotive industry, the share of customized BTO cars traditionally is comparatively high. Nevertheless, German car manufacturers have spent a lot of efforts in recent years to further increase this share in order to realize short delivery times, high delivery reliability and a fast responsiveness. Surprisingly, comprehensive overviews of the short- and mid-term planning landscape of car manufacturers cannot be found in the scientific literature. Thus, the first part of the paper discusses supply chain planning, as traditionally established in the premium segment of the German automotive industry, and reviews methods of Operations Research (OR) that are able to support the various planning tasks involved. In the second part, the major change in strategy, currently to be observed in the German automotive industry, is briefly summarized in order to derive its impacts for the planning system and for the respective planning methods. In this way, challenges for a future application of OR methods in the automotive industry can be identified.     

基于物联网和BIM的城市生命线运维管理研究

分析了城市生命线运维阶段存在的问题,基于物联网和建筑信息模型(BIM)的应用特点,讨论了其在城市生命线运维管理阶段的适应性,提出了基于BIM的物联网城市生命线安全运维管理系统框架,为未来建立智慧城市提供一定的参考依据。     

An Algorithm for Deriving the Measurement Equation and Estimating the Methodological Error (Uncertainty) in the Result for Indirect Measurements

An algorithm is proposed for deriving the measurement equation for indirect measurements, which is based on incorporating the features of the measurement object, the influencing factors in the transformation of the data-bearing signal as it passes from the object to the meter, and also the signal transformation in the meter. An example is given of distance measurement performed by means of electromagnetic waves in the optical range.__________Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 25–29, April, 2005.     

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) operations support system for maintaining process integration

A successfully adopted and implemented enterprise resource planning (ERP) system does not automatically guarantee full benefits. It is important that ERP is operated as planned and thus provides the real-time information with a desired level of process integration. Any ERP system pushes a company toward full process integration and solves the fragmentation of information. However, the tight process integration involves operational issues that must be carefully managed. Thus, a conjecture can be made that a centrally coordinated support system is required to assist ERP users and administrators find problems, perform tedious validation and verification, and maintain the process integration of ERP with great consistency. This paper proposes an ERP operations support system (EOSS) that aims to achieve and maintain the process integration of ERP. EOSS monitors the operational status of process integration, prevents anomalies as early as possible and conducts repairs as soon as possible.     

An empirical investigation of supply chain strategy typologies and relationships to performance

We propose a typology of supply chain management strategies based on data from a large sample of US firms. The resulting typologies and their relationships with firm performance are tested. The result of set correlation analysis on the data revealed six distinct supply chain management typologies, and showed significant statistical relationships with performance. Additional analysis revealed that two of the typologies describe the ideas of velocity, variability, and visibility of supply chains. The paper also discusses the relationship between product life cycle and the supply chain management initiatives that comprise the strategy typologies.     

论管理组织对管理信息系统的影响

讨论了管理组织的５个分系统对管理信息系统的影响,探讨了组织的变革与管理信息系统的未来,并提出建立管理信息系统时在管理组织上的建议。     

质监检验机构科研需求的现状研究——以某大型产品质量检验研究机构为例

文中以质监系统某大型检验机构为实证研究对象,以科研需求为切入点,从资金、设备、调研培训、政策、信息、时间、立项渠道七个方面分析了科研需求,并提出了相应的对策,以调动和发挥科技人员的科研积极性和工作热情。     

后勤信息系统及全球供应链管理

阐述了后勤信息系统（ＬＩＳ）的职能、基本结构、特点和设计，以及电子数据交换在后勤信息系统中的作用。此外，还对全球供应链管理进行了介绍。     

纳滤膜技术的研究进展

对纳滤膜发展过程、纳滤膜分离特征、纳滤膜材质和纳滤膜的传质模型以及纳滤膜在水处理、食品、医药、石油开采和提炼等各领域的应用进行了较全面的阐述。     

纳米级长度扫描电镜测量的现状和展望

1前言 “纳米科技”是20世纪80年代末快速崛起的一门新兴学科,由于它的发展前景广阔,实用价值较大,引起了世界各国的重视,成为科技界争相研究的领域。我国政府和科研机构都积极支持和发展纳米科技。     

Evaluating Data from Regional Key Comparisons

An algorithm is proposed for calculating the degree of equivalence for national standards that participated in regional metrological organization (RMO) comparisons in relation to key comparison reference values (KCRV), including an analysis of possible correlations between measurements. Two types of key comparison are considered, which differ in that the reference value is provided either by a measure or by a measuring instrument.__________Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 11–17, April, 2005.     

Metrological Timelines in Traceability

There is a growing requirement for an internationally accepted system of recognition of measurement capabilities and relationships within and among countries, to facilitate seamless global commerce and trade. As a result, metrologists worldwide have recently developed increased interest in the concept and definition of traceability. Classically, traceability provides a way of relating the results of a measurement (or value of a standard) to higher level standards. Such standards are usually national or international standards, and the comparisons used to provide the traceability must have well-understood uncertainties. An additional complexity arises because all instruments and standards are subject to change, however slight, over time. This paper develops approaches for dealing with the effects of such time-dependent changes as a part of traceability statements. The use of metrological time-lines provides a means of effectively visualizing these relationships in a statement of traceability. When the rate of change in the measurement process is sufficiently small, the approach proposed here is less important. However, documented measurement assurance procedures are required at all levels so that appropriate uncertainties may be estimated with confidence. When laboratory or national boundaries are crossed in the traceability process, other factors come into play, and the original concept of traceability can become obscure. It is becoming common to hear the term “equivalence” used to describe these more complex measurement relationships.     

企业流程再造中的作业成本分析

通过分析作业成本法及作业成本管理与企业流程再造的内在联系,探讨在企业流程再造中,作业成本分析的应用切入点和如何使用作业成本分析方法为流程再造提供有用的信息。     

基于RPE算法的正弦信号测量

给出了一种同时测量正弦波参数的方法.该方法基于递推预报误差(RPE)算法,采用递推结构,具有占用内存少、易于编程、能够进行在线测量、计算精度高等特点.并给出了部分试验结果.     

Empirical analysis of maintenance performance measurement in Belgian industries

Performance measurement is a fundamental instrument of management. For maintenance management, one of the key issues is to ensure the maintenance activities planned and executed have given the expected results. This can be facilitated by effective use of rigorously defined key performance indicators (KPI) that are able to measure important aspects of maintenance function. In this paper, an industrial survey was carried out to explore the use of performance measurement in maintenance management. Based on survey responses, analyses were performed on popularly used KPI, how these KPI are sourced or chosen; the influence of manufacturing environment and maintenance objectives on KPI choice and effective use of these KPI in decision support and performance improvement. It was found that maintenance performance measurement is dominated by lagging indicators (equipment, maintenance cost and safety performance). There is lesser use of leading (maintenance work process) indicators. The results showed no direct correlations between the maintenance objectives pursued and the KPI used. Further analysis showed that only a minority of the companies have a high percentage of decisions and changes triggered by KPI use and only a few are satisfied with their performance measurement systems. Correlation analysis showed a strong positive linear relationship between degree of satisfaction and process changes/decisions triggered by KPI use, with the least satisfied people having the least decisions and changes triggered by KPI use. The results indicate some ineffectiveness of performance measurement systems in driving performance improvement in industries.