2019年中国高性能计算机发展现状分析与展望

【目的】本文根据2019年11月发布的中国高性能计算机TOP100排行榜的数据,对国内高性能计算机的发展现状从总体性能、制造商、行业领域等方面进行了深入分析。【结果】中国TOP100的平均Linpack性能继续保持比国际TOP500平均Linpack性能高的局面,且TOP100的入门性能门槛仍然超过TOP500。中国TOP100上的超级计算系统依然全部都是国产超算系统,曙光和联想并列为数量冠军,曙光、联想和浪潮三强争霸的局面继续保持和加强。【结论】在此基础上,本文根据十八届排行榜的性能数据,对未来中国大陆高性能计算机的发展趋势进行了分析预测。根据新的数据,我们认为:峰值Exaflops的机器将在2020年到2021年间出现;峰值10Exaflops的机器将在2022年到2023年间出现;峰值100Exaflops的机器将在2024年到2025年间出现。     

2017 年中国高性能计算机发展现状分析与展望

本文根据 2017 年 11 月发布的中国高性能计算机 TOP100 排行榜的数据,对国内高性能计算机的发展现状从总体性能、制造商、行业领域等方面进行了深入分析。中国 TOP100 的平均 Linpack 性能继续保持比国际 TOP500 平均 Linpack 性能高的局面,且 TOP100 的入门性能门槛仍然超过 TOP500。中国 TOP100 上的超级计算系统已经几乎全部都是国产超算系统,浪潮成为新的数量冠军,曙光、联想和浪潮三强争霸的局面继续保持和加强。在此基础上,本文根据十五届排行榜的性能数据,对未来中国大陆高性能计算机的发展趋势进行了分析预测。根据新的数据,我们认为：峰值 Exaflops 的机器将在 2018 年到 2019 年间出现;峰值 10Exaflops 的机器将在 2022 年到 2023 年间出现;峰值 100Exaflops 的机器将在 2024 年到 2025 年间出现。     

2016 年中国高性能计算机发展现状分析与展望

本文根据 2016 年 11 月发布的中国高性能计算机 TOP100 排行榜的数据,对国内高性能计算机的发展现状从总体性能、制造商、行业领域等方面进行了深入分析。我们发现,由于神威太湖之光超级计算机的发布,中国 TOP100 的平均 Linpack 性能继续保持比国际 TOP500 平均 Linpack 性能高的局面,且 TOP100 的入门性能门槛仍然超过 TOP500。随着联想对 IBM X86 服务器并购的完成,中国 TOP100 上的超级计算系统已经几乎全部都是国产超算系统,曙光、联想和浪潮三强争霸的局面已经形成。在此基础上,本文根据十五届排行榜积累的性能数据和能够得到的其他公开历史数据,对未来几年中国大陆高性能计算机的发展趋势进行了分析预测。我们去年的预测累计 Linpack 性能将在 2016 年间达到 100Petaflops 和峰值 100Petaflops 的机器将在 2016 年出现都成功实现,预测准确。根据新的数据,我们认为：累计 Linpack 性能将在 2017 年到 2018 年间达到 1000Petaflops,峰值 Exaflops 的机器将在 2018 年到 2019 年间出现。     

2013年中国高性能计算机发展现状分析与展望

本文根据 2013 年 11 月发布的中国高性能计算机 TOP100 排行榜的数据,对国内高性能计算机的发展现状从总体性能、制造商、行业领域等方面进行了深入分析。我们发现,由于天河二号超级计算机的发布,中国 TOP100 的平均 Linpack 性能已经从一年前的落后一年快速的变为比国际 TOP500平均 Linpack 性能高的局面。在此基础上,根据十二届排行榜积累的性能数据和能够得到的其他公开历史数据,对未来几年中国大陆高性能计算机的发展趋势进行了分析预测。从预测可以看出,累计 Linpack 性能将在 2013 年到 2014 年间达到 100Petaflops;峰值 100Petaflops 的机器将在 2014年到 2015 年间出现;峰值 Exaflops 的机器将在 2017 年到 2018 年间出现。     

2014年中国高性能计算机发展现状分析与展望

本文根据2014 年11 月发布的中国高性能计算机TOP100 排行榜的数据,对国内高性能计算机的发展现状从总体性能、制造商、行业领域等方面进行了深入分析。我们发现, 由于天河二号超级计算机的发布,中国TOP100 的平均Linpack 性能已经从两年前的落后一年变为比国际TOP500 平均Linpack 性能高的局面,且TOP100 的入门性能门槛也第一次超过TOP500。在此基础上,根据十三届排行榜积累的性能数据和能够得到的其他公开历史数据,对未来几年中国大陆高性能计算机的发展趋势进行了分析预测。根据新的数据和实际情况,经修正后我们认为,累计Linpack 性能将在2015 年到2016 年间达到100Petaflops, 比我们原来预期的晚;峰值100Petaflops 的机器将在2015 年到2016 年间出现;峰值Exaflops 的机器将在2019 年到2020 年间出现,比我们原来预期的晚2 年。单台机器峰值超过累计Linpack 性能的情况出现在2018 到2019 年间。     

2012年中国高性能计算机发展现状分析与展望

本文根据2012年11月发布的中国高性能计算机TOP100排行榜的数据,对国内高性能计算机的发展现状从总体性能、制造商、行业领域等方面进行了深入分析。我们发现,中国TOP100的平均Linpack性能与国际TOP500的平均Linpack性能的差距已经从原来的半年扩大到一年。在此基础上,根据十一届排行榜积累的性能数据和能够得到的其他公开历史数据,对未来几年中国大陆高性能计算机的发展趋势进行了分析预测。从预测可以看出,峰值为10Petaflops的机器将在2012年到2013年间出现;累计Linpack性能将在2013年到2014年间达到100Petaflops;峰值为100Petaflops的机器将在2014年到2015年间出现;峰值达到Exaflops级的机器将在2017年到2018年间出现。     

2021年中国高性能计算机发展现状分析与展望

[目的]本文根据2021年11月发布的中国高性能计算机TOP 100排行榜的数据,对国内高性能计算机的发展现状从总体性能、制造商、行业领域等方面进行了深入分析.[结果]中国TOP 100的平均Linpack性能继续保持比国际TOP 500平均Linpack性能高的局面,且TOP 100的入门性能门槛仍然超过TOP 50...     

2023年中国高性能计算机发展现状分析与展望

【目的】本文根据2023年11月发布的中国高性能计算机TOP 100排行榜的数据,对国内高性能计算机的发展现状从总体性能、制造商、行业领域等方面进行了深入分析。【结果】中国TOP 100的入门性能门槛仍然超过TOP 500。中国TOP 100上的超级计算系统冠军再次更新,其Linpack性能达487 PFlops。联想为系统数量冠军,联想、曙光和浪潮三强争霸的局面逐步演化为联想和浪潮的竞争。算力服务这一应用领域的占比继续增长,充分反映当前算力经济发展趋势。【结论】本文根据二十二届排行榜的性能数据,详细阐述了算力经济发展现状,并对未来中国大陆高性能计算机的发展趋势进行了分析预测。     

中国高性能计算机TOP100十周年回顾与展望

本文根据中国高性能计算机TOP100排行榜十年发布的数据,对国内高性能计算机的发展历史和现状从总体性能、制造商、行业领域等方面进行了深入分析和回顾。论述了继续采用Linpack测试标准的合理性,探讨了增加系统Linpack测试成功率作为系统可靠性度量指标的可行性,重申了执行中国HPC TOP100申报和检验流程等规定的重要性。     

中国高性能计算机TOP 100出炉 国产阵营首超国外品牌

本报讯11月8日,“2005年中国高性能计算机性能TOP100排行榜”揭晓,国产服务器品牌首次以51%的微弱优势超过国外品牌。曙光以25套系统入选,居第二位。据悉,“2005年中国高性能计算机性能TOP100排行榜”由中国软件行业协会数学软件分会和国家863高性能计算机评测中心联合评出。该排行榜每年举办一次,迄今已成功举办四届。今年的排行榜透露,排在第一位的是国家气象局引进的IBM超级计算机,其峰值运算速度突破了每秒21万亿次。落户上海超算中心的10万亿次曙光4000A紧随其后,排名第二。TOP100的总体性能首次突破百万亿次大关,达到102Tflops(…     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.