种子区域生长技术在彩色图像分割中的应用

提出一种基于种子区域生长(Seeded Region Growing,SRG)技术的彩色图像分割方法.该算法利用L*a*b*颜色空间的象素与其邻域的颜色差异及相对欧式距离自动选择种子;应用SRG技术由已知的种子生长出初始分割区域;根据融合了颜色空间和邻接关系的区域距离对初始区域进行分级合并.算法克服了传统区域生长方法不能自动选择种子且容易导致过分割的局限性.将新的分割方法应用到彩色图像,并得到与视觉判断相一致的有意义的分割结果.实验结果显示了所提出的方法对于不同自然彩色图像分割的有效性与适应性.     

基于可视色差与区域生长的彩色图像分割

提出了一种基于可视色差和分块区域生长的彩色图像分割算法,首先将待处理图像划分成若干大小相同的子块,在CIEL*a*b*颜色空间中计算每个子块的色彩均值和方差值,根据方差值对子块分类,利用可视色差对颜色均匀子块分类、合并,获得初始分割区域,利用四叉树算法对纹理子块分裂合并,然后从初始分割区域开始生长、合并,并删除小颜色块。实验结果证明了算法的有效性,分割结果符合人的主观感知。     

基于子块的区域生长的彩色图像分割算法

提出了一种基于图像子块的区域生长算法,应用于彩色图像分割。首先将图像划分成多个不重叠子块,然后利用从CIE L*a*b*颜色空间中提取出的每个子块的颜色和纹理特征,先进行子块内颜色聚类,达到子块分类的目的,再根据生长准则进行基于分类子块的区域生长,实现对自然彩色图像的分割。实验结果证明了算法的有效性,分割结果符合人的主观感知。     

一种基于区域分级合并的彩色图像分割方法

在区域合并过程中,手工设置颜色相似性和边界距离的权重极大地影响了分割的精度和自动化.针对这一问题,提出了一种新的基于区域分级合并的彩色图像分割算法.该方法能够根据邻接区域的边界特点设置权重因子,从而自适应地融合区域的颜色相似性和边界距离.使用均值漂移算法对图像进行初始分割,将原图像分割为具有较好边界的同质区域;通过计算区域相似度对区域进行分级合并.多幅彩色图像的分割实验结果证明,所提算法优于传统的基于区域合并的方法.     

基于局部同态性的自适应彩色图像分割方法

提出了一种基于局部同态性和空间邻接关系的彩色图像分割方法。首先利用局部同态性得到H图像来确定种子区域,进而进行区域生长形成图像的初始分割区域。然后利用颜色和空间邻接关系确定的区域距离进行区域合并,直到满足所给的停止区域合并的规则为止。实验结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

面向影像分割的多尺度快速区域合并方法

影像分割的区域合并技术中,传统的采用区域邻接图的方法存在着数据结构和算法复杂、难以扩充和维护、可考虑的特征因子有限以及空间浪费严重等问题。对此,提出了一种新的区域合并方法,提供了一套采用面向对象技术解决区域合并问题的新框架。在该框架下,区域的相异度指标、属性、邻接关系和行为可根据需要自由定义、扩充和修改,算法的稳定性和可维护性得到提升,合并过程被充分简化。在此基础上提出了多尺度合并区域的改进方法,并对等级队列的构建机制进行了优化。最后通过多尺度的对比实验,证明该方法不但能保证区域合并的精度,而且可以显著提高执行效率。     

一种改进的基于区域生长的彩色图像分割方法

提出一种改进的基于区域生长的彩色图像分割方法.首先,将图像从RGB颜色空间转换到YCbCr颜色空间.其次,自动选取种子点,利用区域生长法进行分割.最后,使用改进区域合并算法合并相似的、小尺寸的区域.对网上随机抽取的图像进行了测试,实验结果证明了提出方法的有效性.     

结合纹理特征改进的GBIS图像分割方法

针对GBIS(efficient graph-based image segmentation)方法在分割含有较丰富纹理信息的图像时, 分割效果不理想的问题, 在L*a*b*彩色空间下, 结合图像的纹理特征, 提出了一种改进GBIS图像分割方法, 记为IGBIS(improved efficient graph-based image segmentation)。该方法首先将图像由RGB空间转换到L*a*b*颜色空间; 接着, 结合L*a*b*彩色空间, 对GBIS方法中的权值函数作了改进, 引入了一个常数s, 用于控制相邻像素之间颜色的差异程度; 然后, 用熵的方法来获取L*a*b*彩色图像的纹理特征; 最后, 结合图像的纹理信息, 改变了GBIS方法中的区域合并条件, 得到最终的分割结果。实验证明, 与原算法相比, 该方法在分割精度与分割质量上有了很大程度的提高。IGBIS有效地抑制了彩色图像在分割中存在的过分割现象, 并适合于含有丰富纹理的彩色图像。     

结合粗糙集与分层思想的彩色图像分割算法

针对彩色图像分割算法中小目标区域容易错分割以及计算复杂度高的问题,提出一种基于HSI空间的结合粗糙集理论与分层思想的彩色图像分割方法。首先,由于彩色图像HSI空间的奇异点对应于RGB空间的灰色像素点,为了消除奇异点,在RGB空间寻找"灰色区域"进行分割与标记;然后,将图像转换到HSI颜色空间,在强度I分量上,考虑到空间邻域信息以及区域分布差异,设计了变阈值渐变性同质函数对原始直方图进行加权,将加权直方图和原始直方图分别作为粗糙集的上、下近似集,构造了新的粗糙度函数进行分割;其次,针对初分割得到的每个区域,在色调H分量上采用直方图阈值化完成细分割;最后,为了避免过分割,在RGB空间上进行区域合并。相比Mushrif等提出的粗糙集分割算法(MUSHRIF M M, RAY A K. Color image segmentation: rough-set theoretic approach. Pattern Recognition Letters, 2008, 29(4): 483-493),该算法更容易分割出图像中的小目标区域,避免了因RGB三个分量的相关性造成的错误分割,算法运行速度提高了5~8倍。实验结果表明:该算法分割效果较好,具有一定的抗噪性与鲁棒性。     

基于聚类分割和特征点的显著区域检测算法

针对彩色图像中的显著区域检测,对基于聚类分割的特征点检测算法及基于亮度、颜色和梯度多特征的显著区域检测算法进行了研究,提出一种基于特征点和聚类分割的显著区域检测算法,该算法的处理思路是先对目标彩色图像利用高斯低通滤波和局部熵纹理分割去除纹理区,得到R、G、B分量的滤波灰度图,聚类分割自动划分出每个分量的最亮区域、最暗区域和剩余区域这三个区域,每个颜色分量选择最亮或最暗这两个区域与剩余区域亮度差值最大的一个区域,对此选择区域边界进行角点、边缘点检测,将其角点和边缘点作为显著点,然后通过数学形态学将显著点扩展到显著区域.利用公共数据库中的多幅自然图像进行实验对比,实验结果显示本文所提算法不仅提高了检测准确性,同时简化了计算过程,验证了该算法在提取尤其是纹理复杂的图像的显著区域上的有效性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.