An empirically derived agenda of critical research issues for managing supply-chain disruptions

While the literature related to supply-chain disruptions is informative, it has primarily focused on supply-chain disruptions from a general or high-level view of the phenomenon (e.g. supply-chain uncertainty, risk perceptions). Additionally, although most would agree that disruptions are present in all supply chains, there is a limited amount of information on how to deal with them from a practical perspective in both the short term and long term. Because of the importance of and research needs within this area, we launched a major multi-industry, multi-methodology empirical study on supply-chain disruptions. The study is multi-faceted in that it seeks insights into many issues within the broad area of global sourcing and supply-chain disruptions. Throughout our various interactions with industry, we found that several common themes and issues surfaced as being critical to successful disruption analysis and mitigation as well as resilient supply-chain design. Within this paper, we report on these key issues and discuss the needs within the supply-chain research to contribute to them.     

根据发货方式改进电信设备包装设计

针对电信设备发货方式及其特点,分析了目前电信设备包装的基本特点,详细的提出了适合电信设备发货运输的多个方面的包装设计改进方法。     

基于博弈理论的供应链合作伙伴关系

通过对物流管理中的供应链成员的交易成本和成员间博弈理论分析,推导出合作伙伴关系的内在优势及建安企业建立合作伙伴关系的必要性。(文章是本刊总第124期首篇文章的后续系列文章,本刊今后将继续关注这一课题,并陆续刊发有价值的文章。)     

考虑政府多政策和第三方回收的闭环供应链协调机制研究

分析政府多政策情形下第三方回收模式闭环供应链的协调问题。考虑政府多政策以及零售商主导,建立3种不同情形的供应链模型,并比较分析各情形下的供应链最优定价决策和利润。研究表明,政府多政策能够有效提高回收量并使逆向供应链中第三方利润和顾客效用增加,但正向供应链成员利润和顾客效用会减小;利润共享?费用分担契约和授权?最优回收数量契约都可以实现有效协调;协调后供应链中各主体企业的利润和顾客效用得到改善。     

发展共享汽车推动汽车强国建设

本文介绍了共享汽车在国内外的发展现状与前景,并结合现阶段汽车发展的低碳化、电动化、网联化、智能化和共享化等新特征,着重对共享化推动汽车转型发展的影响进行了阐述。在此基础上,提出政府应将共享汽车放在汽车强国建设的战略高度,创造良好的发展环境,推动共享汽车在我国快速发展。     

Sequencing mixed-model assembly lines to minimize part inventory cost

A mixed-model assembly line enables the joint production of different models of a common base product in intermixed model sequence (lot size one). Previous approaches for the short-term planning task of model sequencing either aim at minimizing work overload (mixed-model sequencing and car sequencing) or leveling part usages (level scheduling). However, at many manufacturers parts are consolidated by a third party logistics provider, who stocks Just-in-Time delivered parts in a consignment warehouse adjacent to the line. The manufacturer issues a complete cargo carrier (e.g. a euro-pallet) whenever his own intermediate storage of parts is depleted. Thus, the manufacturer aims at a model sequence which minimizes his own inventory costs. This paper formalizes this novel model sequencing problem and describes different heuristic and exact procedures. Furthermore, the solutions yielded by these approaches are compared to the traditional level scheduling.     

A joint replenishment policy with individual control and constant size orders

We consider inventory systems with multiple items under stochastic demand and jointly incurred order setup costs. The problem is to determine the replenishment policy that minimises the total expected ordering, inventory holding, and backordering costs–the so-called stochastic joint replenishment problem. In particular, we study the settings in which order setup costs reflect the transportation costs and have a step-wise cost structure, each step corresponding to an additional transportation vehicle. For this setting, we propose a new policy that we call the (s, 𝒬) policy, under which a replenishment order of constant size 𝒬 is triggered whenever the inventory position of one of the items drops to its reorder point s. The replenishment order is allocated to multiple items so that the inventory positions are equalised as much as possible. The policy is designed for settings in which backorder and setup costs are high, as it allows the items to independently trigger replenishment orders and fully exploits the economies of scale by consistently ordering the same quantity. A numerical study is conducted to show that the proposed (s, 𝒬) policy outperforms the well-known (𝒬, S) policy when backorder costs are high and lead times are small.     

Joint economic production allocation and ordering policies in a supply chain consisting of multiple plants and a single retailer

This article discusses the production and ordering policies in a supply chain consisting of a single manufacturer and a single retailer. The retailer places orders based on the EOQ-like policy, and the manufacturer purchases raw materials and allocates them to the multiple plants in parallel to produce demand requirement from the retailer. The model is mathematically formulated, and the solution procedure is developed to determine the production cycle length, ordering quantity and frequency, and production allocation ratios for multiple plants. The closed forms of the production cycle length, ordering quantity, and frequency in terms of the production allocation ratios are obtained. It is also shown that the production allocation problem is NP-hard. An efficient and effective heuristic algorithm is proposed to determine the near-optimal production allocation ratios. A numerical experiment demonstrates that the proposed algorithm performs quite satisfactorily.     

Supply chain optimisation with both production and transportation integration: multiple vehicles for a single perishable product

This paper deals with an extension of the integrated production and transportation scheduling problem (PTSP) by considering multiple vehicles (PTSPm) for optimisation of supply chains. The problem reflects a real concern for industry since production and transportation subproblems are commonly addressed independently or sequentially, which leads to sub-optimal solutions. The problem includes specific capacity constraints, the short lifespan of products and the special case of the single vehicle that has already been studied in the literature. A greedy randomised adaptive search procedure (GRASP) with an evolutionary local search (ELS) is proposed to solve the instances with a single vehicle as a special case. The method has been proven to be more effective than those published and provides shorter computational times with new best solutions for the single vehicle case. A new set of instances with multiple vehicles is introduced to favour equitable future research. Our study extends previous research using an indirect resolution approach and provides an algorithm to solve a wide range of one-machine scheduling problems with the proper coordination of single or multiple vehicles.     

The coordinated production and transportation scheduling problem with a time-sensitive product: a branch-and-cut algorithm

In many supply chain scenarios in which short lifespan products are considered, production and transportation decisions must be made in a coordinated manner with no inventory stage. Hence, a solution to this problem conveys information about production starting times of each product lot at facility and delivery times of the lots to various customer-sites located in different geographic regions. In this paper, we study a variant of the problem that single product with limited shelf life is produced at single facility. Once produced, production lot is directly distributed to the customers with non-ignorable transportation time by single vehicle having limited capacity before the lifespan. Objective is to determine the minimum time required to produce and deliver all customer demands. To this end, we develop a branch-and-cut (B&C) algorithm using several valid inequalities adopted from the existing literature to improve lower bounds and applying a local search based on simulated annealing approach to improve upper bounds. On test problems available in the literature, we evaluate the performance of the B&C algorithm. Results show the promising performance of the B&C algorithm.     

不同碳排放政策下考虑碳减排投入的供应链协调

在考虑碳减排技术投入下,为了实现不同碳排放政策下的供应链协调,通过建立集中式和分散式决策下的供应链模型,根据供应链协调的条件,给出了供应链实现协调的契约形式及契约参数。为了确定不同碳排放政策下的最优订货量和最优碳减排率,通过对博弈模型进行优化,提出了具体的求解方法。数值计算结果表明：随着碳排放政策的变化,供应链的最优订货量、最优碳减排率和供应链的利润也将发生相应的变化,而生产成本、缺货损失、产品残值、销售价格、批发价格等参数变化不仅会影响最优订货量、最优碳减排率和供应链利润,还会影响收益共享比例、碳减排技术投入和碳排放成本的分摊比例。     

Return policy and supply chain coordination with network-externality effect

The benefits of a consumer return policy have been extensively studied in extent literature. This paper explores the potentially damaging impact of a return policy on the retailer. We develop an analytical framework and examine the economic impact of consumer return among consumers, retailer and supply chain. We distinguish three network-externality (NE) cases: no network externality, fixed network-externality and variable network-externality contingent on return amount to discuss the retailer’s selling price, refund and inventory policies. Our analysis derives the optimal policies and shows that they take the form of contingence model in which the policies depend on consumer initial return and NE return. We also examine the influence of the consumer return NE effect on buy-back contracts of the supply chain and show that while the traditional buy-back contract fails to coordinate the supply chain, the NE effect does not render the differentiated buy-back contract less effective. Finally, we extend our study to a heterogeneous consumer case.     

A yard storage strategy for minimizing traffic congestion in a marine container transshipment hub

This paper studies a storage yard management problem in a transshipment hub where the loading and unloading activities are both heavy and concentrated. In order to reduce the number of reshuffles, which helps to reduce the vessel turnaround time, the port operator uses the consignment strategy to group export and transshipment containers according to their destination vessel. To reduce the potential traffic congestion of prime movers, a high–low workload balancing protocol is used. A mixed integer programming model is formulated to determine the storage locations of incoming containers, the number of incoming containers and the smallest number of yard cranes to deploy in each shift. An iterative improvement method is developed to solve the problem, in which a tabu search based heuristic algorithm is used to generate an initial yard template, and then the generated yard template is improved by an improvement algorithm iteratively until an optimal or a satisfactory solution is obtained. Experiment results show that the proposed method can generate excellent results within a reasonable time, even for the extreme cases.     

存在尾货处理渠道的服装行业回购契约研究

考虑销售价格变动以及是否存在尾货处理渠道对服装行业供应链的影响,以博弈论为基础,在回购契约框架下建立了单次订购两阶段销售模型,通过分析不同时点回购契约对供应链协调性影响,得出：仅仅采用期末回购或期中回购不能实现供应链协调,通过设置合理的批发价格和回购价格,同时采用期末和期中回购能实现供应链系统协调;当供应链系统拥有对过季服装的处理渠道,并以合理价格对服装进行处理时,采用处理点策略能有效提高供应链系统整体效益。最后通过算例分析验证了相关结论的有效性。     

开拓我国深远海养殖新空间的战略研究

海水养殖是对国家食物安全、国民经济和贸易平衡做出重要贡献的产业。为实现新时期我国海水养殖业的可持续发展,急需拓展养殖新空间,实施深远海养殖战略。深远海海水养殖是一个综合体系,包含适养物种、养殖技术、养殖装备、能源供给、海陆接力物流、水产品加工和减灾防灾策略等要素。本文基于开拓海水养殖新空间的战略构想,提出了我国发展深远海海水养殖体系的战略任务,包括:适宜品种繁育和高效养殖技术体系;以深远海养殖平台为核心的新型海洋渔业生产模式;深远海海水养殖能源保障系统;海洋水产品智能化物流系统网络平台。基于此,还提出了相关政策建议。