供应链管理的敏捷性研究

面对顾客需求的不确定性及市场的易变性，企业必须站在供应链的高度来应对这种变化，同时供应链的敏捷性也是适应这种环境的必备特征。通过对供应链敏捷性概念、特征及敏捷战略研究，提出了提升供应链敏捷性的若干途径。     

Supply chain agility: the influence of industry culture on asset capabilities within capital intensive industries

Supply chain agility in capital-intensive industries is argued as strongly linked to the capabilities of the individual processing assets comprising the chain. Therefore the desired asset capabilities conducive to overall agility need to be designed in to plant and equipment. However, in addition to asset design, how the assets are used in the production process is an important factor in determining capabilities. In culturally-conservative industries the penetration of modern operations management (OM) practices is expected to be limited and this will hold back the contribution that assets can make to supply chain agility.

First the paper begins by reviewing the need for agility in supply chains and links this to agile plant capabilities. Next the research context and collaboration is described, which focused upon the speciality chemicals industry and involved three UK universities and thirteen industrial partners. Experiences drawn from industrial case studies undertaken in the research initiative are used to illustrate in a practical manner the key asset capability underpinning agility, that of reconfigurability. The paper adopts a novel focus on a process industry to complement the work on agility that is more usually grounded in discrete manufacturing.     

A Perspective on Smart Process Manufacturing Research Challenges for Process Systems Engineers

The challenges posed by smart manufacturing for the process industries and for process systems engineering (PSE) researchers are discussed in this article. Much progress has been made in achieving plant- and site-wide optimization, but benchmarking would give greater confidence. Technical challenges confronting process systems engineers in developing enabling tools and techniques are discussed regarding flexibility and uncertainty, responsiveness and agility, robustness and security, the prediction of mixture properties and function, and new modeling and mathematics paradigms. Exploiting intelligence from big data to drive agility will require tackling new challenges, such as how to ensure the consistency and confidentiality of data through long and complex supply chains. Modeling challenges also exist, and involve ensuring that all key aspects are properly modeled, particularly where health, safety, and environmental concerns require accurate predictions of small but critical amounts at specific locations. Environmental concerns will require us to keep a closer track on all molecular species so that they are optimally used to create sustainable solutions. Disruptive business models may result, particularly from new personalized products, but that is difficult to predict.     

精益与敏捷集成的供应链

市场竞争迫使制造企业运用精益思想降低成本,但顾客需求越来越个性化,要求快速响应．需要企业具备敏捷性。本文通过简单模型和案例,分析精益与敏捷相集成的优势和运作模式。从产品需求模式看,精益供应链与标准化产品、功能性产品匹配,敏捷供应链与定制化产品、创新性产品相匹配。从产品模块化设计以及全球供应考虑,精益与敏捷集成的供应链是最有效的选择。     

Lean management in the context of construction supply chains

Construction started its lean journey with learning from manufacturing. Unlike lean manufacturing, few studies to date have investigated lean construction in both breadth and depth, especially from the perspective of construction supply chains. The limited understanding of lean construction results in a research problem. This research aims to explore the implementation of lean principles in the context of project-based construction supply chains. It achieves its aim through an empirical investigation in the UK. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methodologies provides this research with validity and reliability. Lean principles are found applicable to both residential building projects and many other types of construction projects. It is also found that lean construction can be enhanced if it synergizes with supply chain collaboration. Another finding is that lean management has a significant impact on project performance. Nowadays, construction pursues best lean practices through both learning from manufacturing and developing its own paths. Similar to manufacturing, more and more construction projects adopt industrialised and standardised production and lean management with supply chain collaboration to become leaner. On the other hand, construction-specific management approaches and information technology (IT) tools are increasingly used in lean construction practices to maximise value and minimise waste.     

System for enhancing supply chain agility through exception handling

With the emergence of a new business era characterized by continuous and unpredictable changes and tough global competition, an agile supply chain has been recognized as a competitive strategy for companies to survive and prosper. Co-OPERATE, an on-going IST project, is aimed at developing concepts and tools for coordination of production planning and control activities in the complex and distributed supply network, and is targeted in the automotive supply and the semiconductor industries. Since the work reported here is based on the project, a framework for manufacturing coordination in the distributed supply network is proposed for the project. As an important part of the project, exception handling is further described. First, through boundary investigation, the scope of this business solution is clarified. Second, a methodology is developed to help understand the mechanism behind the exception handling process. Third, guiding design principles are described to direct the detailed business process design. Finally, rush-order handling is chosen as part of the concept prototype for implementation and evaluation. Extensive feedback from industrial business partners has been collected and taken into account for further implementation.     

Agile supply chain strategy and supply chain performance: complementary roles of supply chain practices and information systems capability for agility

The paper examines the mediating effect of supply chain (SC) practices on the relationship between agile supply chain (ASC) strategy and SC performance. It further examines the moderating effect of information systems (IS) capability for agility on this mediated relationship. Using the theoretical lenses of complementarity and the information processing view of the supply chain, we hypothesise that strategic supplier partnership, customer relationship, postponement and lean practices, mediate the relationship between ASC strategy and SC performance. We further hypothesise that IS capability for agility moderates each of these mediated relationships. We empirically test the hypotheses using survey data from members of senior and executive management in the logistics/supply chain functions of 205 firms. The paper contributes to the literature on ASCs by theoretically explaining and empirically demonstrating how SC practices and IS capability for agility act together to effect a positive relationship between ASC strategy and supply chain performance.     

Performance optimization of a leagility inspired supply chain model: a CFGTSA algorithm based approach

Lean and agile principles have attracted considerable interest in the past few decades. Industrial sectors throughout the world are upgrading to these principles to enhance their performance, since they have been proven to be efficient in handling supply chains. However, the present market trend demands a more robust strategy incorporating the salient features of both lean and agile principles. Inspired by these, the leagility principle has emerged, encapsulating both lean and agile features. The present work proposes a leagile supply chain based model for manufacturing industries. The paper emphasizes the various aspects of leagile supply chain modeling and implementation and proposes a new Hybrid Chaos-based Fast Genetic Tabu Simulated Annealing (CFGTSA) algorithm to solve the complex scheduling problem prevailing in the leagile environment. The proposed CFGTSA algorithm is compared with the GA, SA, TS and Hybrid Tabu SA algorithms to demonstrate its efficacy in handling complex scheduling problems.     

Dynamic modelling of surge effect and capacity limitation in supply chains

Agile manufacturing has been defined as the capability of reacting to unpredictable market changes in a cost-effective way, simultaneously prospering from the uncertainty. In many industries, vigorously changing markets are demanding more differentiated products in lower volumes and within shorter delivery times. An uncertain environment challenges the response of supply chains. This paper demonstrates, by using a system dynamic simulation, how agility is built into supply chains. Three simulation models are analysed: first, the demand magnification effect in supply chain is studied. Secondly, the analysis is extended to capacity surge effects. Finally, the trade-off between capacity utilization and lead times is discussed. The analysis recommends smaller order sizes, echelon synchronization and capacity analysis as methods of improving the responsiveness of a supply chain. Evidence is provided from simulation runs and established literature. All three models are system dynamics based replications of well-known effects from the research area of production control.     

Leagile supply chain: design drivers and business performance implications

In the context of a dynamic and hypercompetitive business environment, effective supply chain design helps organisations to align resources for improved flow of products and services and satisfy customers’ diverse needs. Scholars have proposed several mutually exclusive supply chain designs such as efficient versus responsive, and lean versus agile. Quantitative testing has revealed that supply chain designs of many firms do not match with what was conceptually expected. To address this mismatch, in this study, a new approach to supply chain leagility is introduced and the impact of uncertainty as the key design driver of supply chains on leagility is investigated. The partial least squares (PLS) was employed to analyse data collected from 299 Australian firms by administering a structured questionnaire. Results indicate that higher performance is achievable on minimising the deviation from a balanced supply chain in which aspects of both leanness and agility are equally embedded. Further, the level of uncertainty directly and positively affects the Deviation from Leagility (DFL) index.     

信息流分离点与物流分离点相结合的物流敏捷性研究

研究了物流分离点和信息流分离点在供应链上的定位对整个供应链响应时间压缩和敏捷性的影响.将信息流研究和物流运作有效结合起来,提出了两种分离点定位相结合的敏捷物流模式.该模式通过合理设置物流、信息流分离点,整合物流运作中三类信息流,消除物流运作中非增值环节,压缩非增值时间,提高整个供应链物流运作的敏捷性,提升企业供应链在基于时间竞争下的竞争力.     

Supply chain dynamics: analysis of inventory vs. order oscillations trade-off

The use of Advanced Planning Systems (APS) has become widespread in many industries. This paper presents an analysis of how safety stock policies, as modelled in many APSs, can induce variation in production and distribution order quantities along the supply chain. The effect is illustrated using a system dynamics model of the supply chain of a Mexican branch of a multinational food and beverage company. Real demand data is used in the simulation. An explanation is provided for these production order distortions and modifications to the operating policies and the APS linear programming model are proposed to reduce these effects. Computational results and illustrative examples are presented.     

Development of a BIM-based production planning and control system for Lean Construction through advancement and integration of existing management techniques

As part of general construction management, production planning and control is vital for successful project delivery. Numerous approaches supporting production planning and control exist in practice and research. However, the different approaches focus on distinct areas such as workflow stabilization or cost control, and no single system combines all the requirements of a holistic production management system. Varying production management systems can be explained by the unique characteristics of many construction projects. As an approach for the digital twinning in the construction industry, building information modeling (BIM) can help standardize production management through shifting the management system design toward the digital prototype. Previous scientific work has acknowledged this approach, thereby generating numerous concepts for using building information models within construction management approaches. However, BIM is often merely used as a parallel support rather than as an integral part of production management systems. To address this gap and in terms of research methodology, we follow a Design Science Research approach. Thus, we propose a new BIM-based production management system, which is characterized by a theoretical integration model for BIM and existing construction management techniques, and a methodology for applying these concepts in practice.     

汽车制造企业的精益物流规划和管理

从供应、运输、生产设施规划、仓储和生产物流管理等几个方面系统全面地论述了“精益思想”在汽车企业物流中的应用,阐述了应用精益物流规划后对企业产生的成效,     

Trade-offs in lean vs. outsourced supply chains

Lean supply chain management is well established, effective in improving inventory control as well as leading to greater quality. Continuous improvement obtained from lean implementation is expected to lead to better learning, yielding added profitability over time. However, the growth of global supply chains lead to increased complexity and variability, which may not always favour the lean management style. Impact on total cost is often difficult to precisely estimate, in part due to high levels of uncertainty with respect to disaster and catastrophe, changing governmental regulation around the world, and in part due to increased variability from longer supply lines. We examine some of the cost impacts of lean systems vs. outsourcing policies with assumed purchasing cost advantages through simulation of a global supply chain with detailed inventory factors, and compare relative profit impact. These results are used to argue that in some circumstances strategic considerations such as lower purchasing cost can override short-term inventory savings obtained from lean systems.     

Evaluation of leagility in supply chains using fuzzy logic approach

In the changing business environment, manufacturing firms can survive by catering to the dynamic demands of the modern customers. Lean principles imply zero inventory and agile principles necessitate safety inventory to tackle volatile market conditions. The leagile paradigm is gaining importance in the contemporary scenario which includes both lean and agile principles. This article presents the conceptual model of leagility imbibed with lean and agile principles. A fuzzy logic approach has been used for the evaluation of leagility in supply chains. This article is used to compute the performance of supply chains using both lean and agile concepts as leagility supply chains using a fuzzy logic approach.     

Applying Value Stream Mapping to eliminate waste: a case study of an original equipment manufacturer for the automotive industry

Since its beginning, lean manufacturing has built a worldwide reputation based on results related to production improvement and cost reduction in several companies. This management philosophy focuses on customer value creation through the elimination of production wastes. Lean methods and techniques have spread their scope from the automotive industry to a wide range of industries and services. This article presents a case study that describes the use of the lean tool value stream mapping in the production process of automotive parts for a major automotive company. At the beginning of the project, relevant data from the process were collected and analysed. Subsequently, the initial process was mapped, the related wastes were identified, and then future processes were mapped and financial results were estimated. The proposals were presented on kaizen meetings, the action plan was discussed and the decision regarding which option to choose was taken. Consequently, the Cycle Time and the level of the workforce were reduced, the process was improved and savings were obtained.     

Antecedents and enablers of supply chain agility and its effect on performance: a dynamic capabilities perspective

This paper investigates the fundamental building blocks of supply chain agility, which are conceptualised as supply- and demand-side competence. While the former refers to production and supply management related activities, the latter refers to distribution and demand management related activities. The model further assesses the influence of supply chain agility on operational performance, as well as its mediating role in the relationship between supply- and demand-side competence and performance. Within this framework, process compliance, i.e. how well supply chain management processes are internally executed by the firm's employees, is viewed as an enabler (moderator) on the relationship between supply chain competencies and supply chain agility. Theoretical substantiation is provided by the resource-based view of the firm augmented with the dynamic capabilities perspective. The model is tested with data from 121 supply chain management professionals. Implications for both academic theory development and supply chain and production management practice are provided.     

Disruptive technologies for advancing supply chain resilience

Disruptive technologies provide a new paradigm for supply chain risk management and bring opportunities and challenges for the improvement of supply chain resilience (SCRes). This study summarizes the application cases of some disruptive technologies in the SCRes and analyzes the benefits and damages brought by disruptive technologies to the SCRes. The results show that disruptive technologies can provide the supply chain with flexibility, visibility, agility, and other capabilities at various stages of risk management. Hence, technology advancements greatly increase the level of the SCRes. Although disruptive technologies undermine the construction of SCRes, these damages can be eliminated through technology iteration or other disruptive technologies. Furthermore, disruptive technologies will provide better stability for the SCRes. The study also makes several suggestions for the use of disruptive technologies in the construction of the SCRes.     

Japanese New-Product Development Techniques

Yasuhiro Monden The Japanese automotive industry has already become a by-word for lean production efficiency. Recently attention has shifted to its new-product development activities, and in particular to the techniques of simultaneous engineering that generate superior performance when contrasted with the traditional linear and sequential approaches. The paper probes the cost management system that underpins the Japanese automotive product-development system, enabling a network of producers and suppliers to work cooperatively and in parallel through successive prototyping stages of the process. The core concept is the iterative development of a 'target cost' for each component of the process.