复杂背景下全景视频运动小目标检测算法

为解决复杂背景下全景视频中运动小目标检测精度低的问题,提出一种基于复杂背景下全景视频运动小目标检测算法.首先,为降低复杂背景信息的干扰,提高目标检测的精度,采用快速鲁棒性主成分分析(Fast RPCA)算法将全景视频图像的前景背景信息分离,并提取出前景信息作为有效的图像特征;然后,改进更快的基于区域的卷积神经网络(Faster R-CNN)中的区域生成网络(RPN)的候选框尺度大小,使之适应全景图像中的目标尺寸,再对前景特征图进行训练;最后,通过RPN网络和Fast R-CNN网络共享卷积层输出检测模型,实现对全景视频图像中小目标的精准检测.实验结果表明,所提出算法可以有效抑制复杂的背景信息对目标检测精度的影响,并对全景视频图像中的运动小目标具有较高的检测精度.     

基于级联CNN的SAR图像舰船目标检测算法

针对合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像中舰船目标稀疏的特点,提出一种基于级联卷积神经网络(CNN)的SAR图像舰船目标检测方法.将候选区域提取方法BING与目标检测方法Fast R-CNN相结合,并采用级联CNN设计,可同时兼顾舰船检测的准确率和速度.首先,针对SAR图像中相干斑噪声影响梯度检测的问题,在原有梯度算子的基础上增加平滑算子,并对图像尺寸个数和候选框个数进行适应性改进,使其提取到的候选窗口更快更准;然后,设计级联结构的Fast R-CNN检测框架,前端简单的CNN负责排除明显的非目标区域,后端复杂的CNN对高概率候选区域进行分类和位置回归,整个结构可以保证快速准确地对舰船这种稀疏目标进行检测;最后,设计一种联合优化方法对多任务的目标函数进行优化,使其更快更好地收敛.在SAR图像舰船检测数据集SSDD上的实验结果显示,所提出的方法相比于原始Fast R-CNN和Faster R-CNN检测方法,检测精度从65.2%和70.1%提高到73.5%,每张图像的处理时间从2235ms和198ms下降到113ms.     

一种深度学习的非机动车辆目标检测算法

针对道路交通场景目标检测问题,提出采用EdgeBoxes算法和深度学习融合的非机动车辆目标检测方法,利用深度学习目标分类算法Fast R-CNN,结合VOC格式的非机动车辆数据样本,把道路交通场景中的目标检测问题实化为自行车（bicycle）和电动车（evbike）的分类问题。利用EdgeBoxes算法提取样本的目标建议构建适量的感兴趣区域,和样本一起输入网络进行迭代训练,同时引入正则化思想和微调策略进行网络优化,降低网络复杂度并避免过拟合现象;网络训练后得到非机动车辆目标检测模型,对模型进行新样本测试并分析测试效果。在道路交通场景目标检测中,基于EdgeBoxes算法和优化Fast R-CNN融合的方法与传统方法相比,检测准确度稍有提高,运算量明显降低,检测速度加快近一倍。     

基于行为主体检测的视频行为快速检测

现有视频行为检测方法在生成候选区域时采用滑窗操作,处理长视频速度较慢。针对该问题,通过对静态行为主体进行定位,提出一种快速检测方法。将长视频分割为若干个视频单元,在每个单元的第1帧中运用Fast R-CNN算法进行行为主体检测,对检测到行为主体的单元划定时间区域生成行为发生候选区域,以减少行为检测网络的输入数据。在此基础上,采用3D卷积神经网络判别候选区域类别,对行为类区域进行边界回归,得到准确的行为时间轴定位。实验结果表明,该方法检测速度较TURN方法提升2倍以上,其mAP指标只降低0.7%。     

基于颜色边缘与SVM的图像文本定位

提出了一种将颜色边缘与SVM相结合的文本定位与提取的方法。首先根据文本的颜色边缘特征进行粗筛选,获得文本候选区;然后使用SVM分类器进行文本与非文本分类,实现文本区域定位与提取。实验表明,该方法取得了良好的效果。     

基于图像增强与深度学习的安全带目标检测

为通过交通视频自动化检测驾驶员是否佩戴安全带，设计一种基于YOLO v3和Faster R-CNN的安全带单类别目标检测方法。基于YOLO v3网络训练车窗检测模型与车窗-驾驶员检测模型，得到驾驶员的精确位置；利用直方图均衡化、高斯滤波等方法对驾驶员图片进行图像增强操作，提高安全带区域的对比度；基于Faster R-CNN网络设计安全带单类别目标检测模型，将传统的分类问题转变为单类别目标检测问题。实验结果表明，模型检测准确率可达96.0%。相对于其它方法，适应性更强，鲁棒性更高，准确率相应提高。     

多特征分析的视频烟雾检测方法

提出了一种视频烟雾检测方法,利用烟雾颜色、运动方向以及纹理等特征区分烟雾,并在检测烟雾的同时找到火源位置。引入暗原色先验方法提取出与烟雾颜色相似的区域作为烟雾候选区;通过分析图像局部纹理特征估计图像块的运动方向,排除运动方向向下的非烟雾区域,从而缩小烟雾候选区;将烟雾候选区的一系列特征作为支持向量机的输入,分类为烟雾和非烟雾;根据被检测出的烟雾在视频帧中的具体位置以及对应位置出现烟雾的频数估计火源在视频帧中的位置。与相关算法的实验结果进行了比较,证明了该算法的有效性。     

基于改进的Faster R-CNN高压线缆目标检测方法

利用带电作业机器人取代人类的手动作业,可以有效地减少高电压、强电场对人体的危害,大大提高作业的效率。为解决带电作业机器人在复杂背景环境中对线缆目标的智能检测问题,提出基于改进的Faster R-CNN高压线缆目标检测方法。为了提高网络提取图像高级特征的能力,引入跳转连接并调整激活层、卷积层的顺序;然后对候选框生成机制进行改进,提升网络对小目标检测的性能;最后利用ROI池化层提取每个区域的特征,同时完成分类和框回归任务。通过构建高压线缆图像数据集,基于改进的Faster R-CNN模型进行大量实验,最后取得了较好的精度和较快的速度。     

基于优化候选区域的战场目标检测研究

针对Faster R-CNN算法对战场小型目标和遮挡目标的检测存在耗时且检测精度低的问题,提出基于优化候选区域的Faster R-CNN算法.算法使用改进的区域提取网络(Region Proposal Networks,RPN)提取候选区域并通过误差比较的方法优化候选区域,同时,引入排斥损失来优化遮挡目标的候选区域.优化后的候选区域和特征图进入检测网络,完成目标的分类和位置回归.在坦克装甲目标数据集上进行实验,结果表明:与传统检测算法相比,所提算法在检测速率和平均精度方面的性能更优.     

深度区域网络方法的细粒度图像分类

目的 在细粒度视觉识别中,难点是对处于相同层级的大类,区分其具有微小差异的子类,为实现准确的分类精度,通常要求具有专业知识,所以细粒度图像分类为计算机视觉的研究提出更高的要求。为了方便普通人在不具备专业知识和专业技能的情况下能够区分物种细粒度类别,进而提出一种基于深度区域网络的卷积神经网络结构。方法 该结构基于深度区域网络,首先,进行深度特征提取任务,使用VGG16层网络和残差101层网络两种结构作为特征提取网络,用于提取深层共享特征,产生特征映射。其次,使用区域建议网络结构,在特征映射上进行卷积,产生目标区域;同时使用兴趣区域（RoI）池化层对特征映射进行最大值池化,实现网络共享。之后将池化后的目标区域输入到区域卷积网络中进行细粒度类别预测和目标边界回归,最终输出网络预测类别及回归边框点坐标。同时还进行了局部遮挡实验,检测局部遮挡部位对于分类正确性的影响,分析局部信息对于鸟类分类的影响情况。结果 该模型针对CUB_200_2011鸟类数据库进行实验,该数据库包含200种细粒度鸟类类别,11 788幅鸟类图片。经过训练及测试,实现VGG16+R-CNN （RPN）和Res101+R-CNN （RPN）两种结构验证正确率分别为90.88%和91.72%,两种结构Top-5验证正确率都超过98%。本文模拟现实环境遮挡情况进行鸟类局部特征遮挡实验,检测分类效果。结论 基于深度区域网络的卷积神经网络模型,提高了细粒度鸟类图像的分类性能,在细粒度鸟类图像的分类上,具有分类精度高、泛化能力好和鲁棒性强的优势,实验发现头部信息对于细粒度鸟类分类识别非常重要。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.