一种新的空谱联合高光谱图像分类方法

为了充分利用高光谱遥感图像的空间信息和光谱信息,以提高分类精度,文章研究了分别采用二维和三维Gabor滤波对高光谱遥感图像进行特征提取,然后与高光谱遥感图像的光谱信息进行融合,并基于堆栈式稀疏自编码器的深度学习网络对融合图像进行分类的方法.研究结果表明,所提出的空谱联合分类器与传统的光谱信息分类器相比,分类性能得到了显...     

高光谱图像分类的融合分层深度网络联合稀疏表示算法

在高光谱图像分类领域中每个像素的局部邻域一旦包含来自不同类别的样本,联合稀疏表示将受邻域内字典原子与测试样本之间同谱异类的影响,严重降低分类性能.根据高光谱图像的特点,文中提出融合分层深度网络的联合稀疏表示算法.在光谱和空间特征学习之间交替提取判别性光谱信息和空间信息,构建兼具空谱特征的学习字典,用于联合稀疏表示.在分类过程中将学习字典与测试样本间的相关系数与分类误差融合并决策.在两个高光谱遥感数据集上的实验验证文中算法的有效性.     

基于稀疏表示和词袋模型的高光谱图像分类

为增强高光谱图像稀疏表示分类方法中稀疏字典的表征能力并充分利用高光谱图像的光谱信息和空间信息,提出了一种新的基于稀疏表示和词袋模型的高光谱遥感图像分类方法。首先利用词袋模型算法结合高光谱遥感图像数据集生成各类别专业码本,作为字典中对应的原子构造稀疏表示字典。在计算每个像元的对应稀疏表示字典中的稀疏表示特征时,利用空间连续性约束对像元的稀疏表示系数进行空间维的约束。最后根据最小重构误差实现高光谱图像分类。高光谱遥感数据实验结果表明:所提方法能有效提高分类效果,并且其分类精度和Kappa系数都优于其他稀疏表示方法以及单独使用光谱信息的方法。     

基于独立空谱残差融合的联合稀疏表示高光谱图像分类

针对高光谱图像分类中存在的空间信息与光谱信息融合问题,提出一种基于独立空谱残差融合的联合稀疏表示高光谱图像分类算法。使用类独立的光谱角初分类图像,获得像元初始标记后按特定条件进行筛选再构造像元邻域空间。提取图像的全局空间信息,并将其引入到空谱联合稀疏表示模型中,使用单独的光谱信息字典与空间信息字典分别进行图像光谱与空间的联合稀疏表示残差计算。在此基础上,使用残差融合算法确定图像类别。实验结果表明,相对SVM、KNN等算法,该算法能够提升高光谱图像的分类精度,且分类结果更稳定。     

基于GPU的空谱联合核稀疏表示高光谱分类并行优化

高光谱图像分类是遥感信息处理领域的热点问题,在核稀疏表示分类框架下,联合光谱信息和像元空间信息,空谱联合核稀疏表示高光谱图像分类能够取得较好的分类效果,但较高的计算复杂度及高光谱图像较大的数据量限制了其在实时性要求较高情况下的应用。基于GPU/CUDA架构,提出了一种空谱联合核稀疏表示高光谱分类的并行优化方法,设计访存优化策略对主机和设备端数据交互进行优化;充分利用GPU并行计算能力,加速分类过程中核矩阵的计算;采用依据GPU并行特性实现的矩阵运算,优化基于交替方向乘子法的分类模型求解过程。利用实际高光谱图像数据进行的实验,验证了该方法的有效性和高效性。     

基于TSNE和多尺度稀疏自编码的高光谱图像分类

针对高光谱图像存在维数“灾难”、特征以及空间信息利用不足的问题,结合深度学习、流形学习及多尺度空间特征的最新进展,提出了一种TSNE和多尺度稀疏自编码网络的高光谱图像分类算法。利用TSNE算法对高光谱图像进行降维,再对每个像元的邻域进行多尺度空间特征提取,利用加入空谱联合信息的像元训练稀疏自编码网络模型并通过softmax分类器进行分类,减少计算复杂度,提高分类精确度。通过对Indian Pines及Pavia University两组数据进行实验,结果表明,提出的算法与其他五种算法相比分类效果更好。     

基于互信息的多通道联合稀疏模型及其组织病理图像分类

针对传统联合稀疏模型中共有分量与独有分量都采用相同的字典进行特征表示,导致编码系数判别性低的问题,提出一种基于互信息的多通道联合稀疏模型,并将其应用于组织病理图像的分类.该模型通过K均值对样本特征进行聚类,分别得到R,G与B通道的字典;其次利用样本特征与3个字典之间的互信息,剔除弱相关原子且构造了1个共有字典与3个独有字典,以此为基础建立了多通道联合稀疏模型;同时引入图像的空间信息,结合空间金字塔匹配模型对不同层次的图像特征进行联合稀疏编码,利用编码系数训练SVM分类器.实验结果表明,该模型具有更好的特征表示能力,大大提高了编码系数的判别性,获得了较好的分类性能与较强的鲁棒性.     

基于DS聚类的高光谱图像集成分类算法

针对高光谱遥感图像维数高、样本少导致分类精度低的问题,提出一种基于DS聚类的高光谱图像集成分类算法(DSCEA)。首先,根据高光谱数据特点,从整体波段中随机选择一定数量的波段,构成不同的训练样本;其次,分析图像的空谱信息,构造无向加权图,利用优势集(DS)聚类方法得到最大特征差异的波段子集;最后,根据不同样本,利用支持向量机训练具有差异的单个分类器,采用多数表决法集成最终分类器,实现对高光谱遥感图像的分类。在Indian Pines数据集上DSCEA算法的分类精度最高可达到84.61%,在Pavia University数据集上最高可达到91.89%,实验结果表明DSCEA算法可以有效的解决高光谱分类问题。     

一种基于à trous小波和联合稀疏表示的遥感图像融合方法

采用训练字典的稀疏表示方法能反映信号的本质特征和内在结构。针对遥感多光谱图像和全色图像融合存在的光谱失真问题,提出了一种基于àtrous小波和联合稀疏表示的融合方法。首先对多光谱图像进行IHS变换,然后对全色图像和变换后的多光谱亮度分量进行àtrous小波变换,对其低频分量进行字典训练,采用联合稀疏表示模型进行分解得到公共成分和独特成分,最后对稀疏系数进行融合。通过对山区和城区不同场景的IKONOS遥感数据进行实验,融合结果不仅在空间分辨率得到了提高,并且光谱分辨率保持较好,目视判读和量化分析表明其多数性能优于目前常用的传统算法。     

基于SSAE深度学习特征表示的高光谱遥感图像分类方法

针对遥感图像中高光谱数据的分类问题,提出一种基于堆叠稀疏自动编码器(SSAE)深度学习特征表示的高光谱遥感图像分类方法。首先,将光谱数据样本进行预处理和归一化。然后,将其输入到SSAE中进行特征表示学习,并通过网格搜索来获得最优网络参数,以此获得有效的特征表示。最后通过支持向量机(SVM)分类器对输入图像特征进行分类,最终实现遥感图像中像素的分类。在两个标准数据集上的实验结果表明,该方法能够实现准确的高光谱地物分类。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.