纯棉机织物生物酶前处理

采用退浆酶CTA-AL1和煮练酶A、B对纯棉机织物进行前处理,对退煮漂三步法和退煮-浴后氧漂工艺中酶的选择,及其用量、pH值、温度、时间等工艺参数进行正交试验分析。试验表明,退浆酶和煮练酶的相容性好,退煮-浴法和退煮漂三步法生物前处理效果与传统方法基本相当。退煮-浴法的煮练酶用量1.0g/L,退浆酶CTA-AL1用量3.0g/L,精练漂白剂ST-09用量1.0g/L,在pH值为8.0下处理50min,而后进行漂白;退煮漂三步法则先用退浆酶CTA-AL13.0g/L处理20min,而后用1.0g/L的煮练酶B处理50min,最后进行漂白。     

氧漂煮练酶在纯棉织物前处理中的应用

介绍了氧漂煮练酶在纯棉梭织物和针织物上的退煮漂一浴法工艺,并与传统强碱退煮漂前处理工艺在处理效果、成本等方面作比较。生产实践表明,织物经氧漂煮练酶前处理后,各项性能优于传统工艺,工艺简化,能耗降低,且减轻了污水处理负担及成本。     

纯棉毛巾织物煮漂增白一浴法工艺

为解决纯棉毛巾织物传统煮漂与增白工艺两浴法加工能耗大、工序长等问题,文中采用煮漂增白一浴法对纯棉毛巾织物进行处理,探讨了多功能精练剂DM-1337、H_2O_2、NaOH、荧光增白剂VBL等对处理效果的影响,优化煮练增白一浴法工艺,并与传统煮练、增白两浴法工艺进行对比。结果表明,优化的纯棉毛巾织物煮漂增白一浴法工艺为:多功能精练剂DM-1337 4.0 g/L,30%双氧水20 mL/L,NaOH 1.0 g/L,荧光增白剂0.3 g/L,浴比1∶20,煮漂增白一浴法处理后织物白度为97.3%,沉降时间为5.8 s,与传统两浴法工艺处理效果相当,强力损失率明显降低;煮漂增白一浴法生产实践效果和传统两浴法工艺相当,且缩短了工艺流程、提高了生产效率,降低能耗,具有明显的节能减排效应。     

1978年世界纺织研究成果(印染部分)

1.Dexter化学公司新研制成“高效煮练剂”——Dextrascour LO-E,它可以在55～65℃的低温下煮练涤和涤混纺织物。该煮练剂也适用在低温下对染色织物进行煮练。 2、新泽西州Hydrolab公司成功地采用了棉与涤棉混纺织物的煮、漂、染一浴法工艺。这个工艺是基于使用过氧化物漂白剂,它在漂白时对棉的氧化能力相当强,但又不会破坏染料。一浴法工艺的优点是:省掉几道前处理工序,不用氯漂,染漂时间最     

高效煮练剂ESA-864在涤棉织物退煮漂一浴法工艺中的应用

高效煮练剂ESA-864系采用四氯乙烯、非离子乳化剂和阴离子润湿剂组成,其与H_2O_2组成弱碱性体系对涤棉织物进行退煮漂一浴法处理,能避免H_2O_2在强碱浴中分解过激,损伤纤维。文章介绍了该工艺的各项工艺参数及大试情况,产品质量达到常规工艺要求。     

纯棉机织物退煮漂一浴法工艺优化

研究了高效精练剂SB-3和H_2O_2用量、处理温度、时间等因素对棉机织物退煮漂一浴法工艺效果的影响,确定棉机织物退煮漂一浴法最优工艺为:高效精练剂SB-3 1.5 g/L,30%H_2O_2 6 ml/L,浴比1:40,处理温度90℃,处理时间40 min。处理后织物的白度和毛效良好,强力损伤小,得色量高。     

大麻涤纶针织物的漂白与增白

对大麻涤纶混纺针织物进行煮漂增白一浴、煮漂一浴再增白、煮漂一浴再复漂增白一浴、煮练再漂白增白等4种不同的工艺进行实验,并分别对几种工艺加工后织物的白度、失重、强力、杂质进行分析,得出煮漂一浴再复漂增白一浴效果最好,而煮漂增白一浴次之的结论。     

锦棉交织物前处理工艺初探

采用传统的全棉煮漂一浴法和改进的煮漂一浴法,以及精练酶煮漂一浴法对锦棉交织物进行前处理,测试了半制品的手感、白度、毛效及弹性.结果发现,传统的前处理采用高温强碱,对锦纶的损伤较大;采用Na2CO3取代NaOH煮练,效果较佳;生物酶煮练则使用助剂少,对锦纶损伤低,效果佳,且对环保有利.     

纯棉生物前处理工艺的研究

生物前处理能够去除机织物中的淀粉浆料和果胶杂质,打开纤维的内部通道,有效地提高毛效、白度,染色效果可以满足服用要求,在工业化生产中切实可行。本文讨论了用退浆酶CTA—AL1和煮练酶B对纯棉机织物前处理的影响因素,对酶的选择、酶的用量、pH值、温度、时间等进行了正交实验分析,得到了相对合理的工艺条件。退浆酶和煮练酶的相容性好,退煮一浴和退煮漂三步法生物前处理效果基本相当,这两种方法的处理效果相当于甚至好于传统方法。退煮一浴法中,煮练酶CTA—BL1用量2．5s／L,退浆酶CTA—AL1用量7．0g／L,FK-03用量1．0g／L,在pH=8．5下处理50分钟,而后进行漂白,效果较好。退煮漂三步法中首先用退浆酶CTA—AL1用量3．0g／L处理20分钟,而后用2．0g／L的煮练酶B处理50分钟,最后进行漂白,效果较好。     

染苑精粹

<正>棉织物酶一浴法退煮漂染色2010211采用酶一浴法对上浆棉织物进行退煮漂和染色,分析比较了传统工艺(先退浆煮练后漂白染色)与酶一浴法工艺对织物色强度、色差、耐洗色牢度、断裂伸长率和吸水性等的影响。     

诱变与原生质体融合联合选育异抗坏血酸发酵菌株的研究

采用诱变与原生质体融合技术联合筛选高产异抗坏血酸发酵菌株.通过紫外诱变与硫酸二乙酯诱变对出发菌株FZ-13进行诱变选育,再利用具有抗药性标记的亲本进行原生质体融合筛选出高产且遗传稳定性好的异抗坏血酸发酵菌株.通过诱变筛选出了产量比FZ-13提高200％～473％的27株青霉菌株;通过原生质体融合试验,筛选到产量比FZ-13高563.7％的菌株L11,L11的产量最高为6.93mg/mL,且遗传性状稳定.诱变能有效提高异抗坏血酸发酵菌株的产量,同时原生质体融合技术也可用来提高异抗坏血酸发酵菌株的产量.     

特细号圣麻棉混纺纱上浆实践

探讨特细号圣麻棉混纺纱的浆料配方和浆纱工艺.采用PVA-1799、PVA-205MB、FZ-2、XZW-1等浆料组成的浆料配方,在祖克双浆槽浆纱机上进行上浆,遵循重被覆、兼顾渗透、低伸长、贴伏毛羽的工艺原则,合理配置浆纱工艺,克服了纱线毛羽多、强力低、单强不匀率高的缺点,使上浆率控制在12%～15%之间,在ZA205i-190型织机上的效率达到89.5%,保证了产品的顺利开发.     

利用水解淀粉高产衣康酸菌株的诱变育种

利用葡萄糖产衣康酸的土曲霉为出发株,通过紫外、Co^60等诱变方法的处理,筛选得到能利用部分水解的不溶性淀粉的菌株。同时研究诱变剂的处理剂量、致死率;并进行产酸情况的测定,糖的利用率和传代稳定性的研究。最后得到几株能够高产的土曲霉菌株。其中FZ—12—4菌株产酸率达到6．30g／100ml,产酸率比出发菌株提高45％。     

细旦涤纶织物高温分散匀染剂SS—97的性能研究

本文着重研究了细旦涤纶织物高温分散匀染剂SS—97的表面特性,以及高温分散性、匀染性、移染性、上染率和染色牢度等染色性能;对不同结构、不同粒径的分散染料以及不同品种织物的适用性,进行了大样试验。试验表明,高温分散匀染剂SS—97能耐高温,对染料有较好的增溶能力和高温分散性;有较强的移染能力,在细旦涤纶织物上具有良好的匀染效果,并有较高的上染率和满意的染色牢度,对不同结构、粒径的染料和不同纤度的纤维均具有良好的适用性。     

高油酸花生种质油酸亚油酸含量的主基因＋多基因遗传

应用植物数量性状主基因＋多基因混合遗传模型对杂交组合8-153×粤油13的P1、F1、P2、F2世代和F2∶3家系的油酸、亚油酸含量进行多世代联合分析,结果表明：在该组合中,花生油酸含量遗传由2对加性-显性主基因＋多基因控制;F2、F2∶3群体主基因遗传率分别为77.28%和55.00%,多基因遗传率分别为13.34%和32.13%;两对主基因的加性效应值分别为8.8172和4.0397,显性效应值分别为-10.2475和-9.0420。亚油酸含量遗传由2对加性-显性-上位性主基因控制;F2、F2∶3群体主基因遗传率分别为88.30%和79.84%;两对主基因的加性效应值（da、db）分别为-7.3949和-6.9568,显性效应值（ha、hb）分别为1.3879和1.5438;da与db、da与hb、db与ha以及ha与hb间的互作效应分别为-4.5216、-1.7688、-1.9808和-1.1172。ol基因的多效性以及油酸、亚油酸含量和O/L比值的遗传均受两对主基因控制的结果暗示相同的两对主基因可能同时控制油酸与亚油酸含量,它们对油酸、亚油酸含量的作用效应相反。     

Effect of CSN1S1-CSN3 (α(S1)-κ-casein) composite genotype on milk production traits and milk coagulation properties in Mediterranean water buffalo

The aim of this study was to estimate effects of CSN1S1-CSN3 (α_S1-κ-casein) composite genotypes on milk production traits and milk coagulation properties (MCP) in Mediterranean water buffalo. Genotypes at CSN1S1 and CSN3 and coagulation properties [rennet clotting time (RCT), curd firming time (K₂₀), and curd firmness (A₃₀)] were assessed by reversed-phase HPLC and computerized renneting meter analysis, respectively, using single test-day milk samples of 536 animals. Alternative protein variants of α_S1-CN and κ-CN were detected by HPLC, and identification of the corresponding genetic variants was carried out by DNA analysis. Two genetic variants were detected at CSN1S1 (A and B variants) and 2 at CSN3 (X1 and X2 variants). Statistical inference was based on a linear model including the CSN1S1-CSN3 composite genotype effect (7 genotypes), the effects of herd-test-day (8 levels), and a combined days in milk (DIM)-parity class. Composite genotype AB-X2X2 was associated with decreased test-day milk yield [?0.21 standard deviation (SD) units of the trait] relative to genotype BB-X2X2. Genotypes did not affect milk protein content, but genotype AB-X1X1 was associated with increased fat content compared with genotype BB-X2X2 (+0.28 SD units of the trait) and AB-X1X1 (+0.43 SD units of the trait). For RCT, the largest difference (+1.91 min; i.e., 0.61 SD units of the trait) was observed between genotype AA-X1X2 and AB-X1X1. Direction of genotype effects on K₂₀ was consistent with that for RCT. The maximum variation in K₂₀ due to genotype effects (between AA-X1X2 and AB-X1X1 genotypes) was almost 0.9 SD units of the trait. Magnitude of genotype effects was smaller for A₃₀ than for RCT and K₂₀, with a maximum difference of 0.5 SD units of the trait between genotype AA-X1X2 and AA-X1X1. The B allele at CSN1S1 was associated with increased RCT and K₂₀ and with weaker curds compared with allele A. Allele X2 at CSN3 exerted opposite effects on MCP relative to CSN1S1 B. Because of linkage disequilibrium, allele B at CSN1S1 and allele X2 at CSN3 tend to be associated and this likely makes their effects cancel each other. This study indicates a role for casein genes in variation of MCP of buffalo milk. Further studies are necessary to estimate the effects of casein genetic variants on variation of cheese yield.     

Estimating the effect of the deleterious recessive haplotypes AH1 and AH2 on reproduction performance of Ayrshire cattle

The effects of 2 deleterious recessive haplotypes on reproduction performance of Ayrshire cattle, Ayrshire Haplotype 1 (AH1) and Ayrshire Haplotype 2 (AH2), were investigated in Canadian Ayrshire cattle. We calculated their phenotypic effects on stillbirth (SB) rate and 56-d nonreturn rate (NRR) by estimating the interaction of service sire carrier status with maternal grandsire carrier status using the official Canadian evaluation models for those 2 traits. The interaction term included 9 subclasses for the 3 possible statuses of each bull: haplotype carrier, noncarrier, or not genotyped. For AH1, 394 carriers and 1,433 noncarriers were available, whereas 313 carriers and 1,543 noncarriers were available for the AH2 haplotype. The number of matings considered for SB was 34,312 for heifers (first parity) and 115,935 for cows (later parities). For NRR, 49,479 matings for heifers and 160,528 for cows were used to estimate the haplotype effects. We observed a negative effect of AH1 on SB rates, which was 2.0% higher for matings of AH1-carrier sires to dams that had an AH1-carrier sire; this effect was found for both heifers and cows. However, AH1 had small, generally nonsignificant effects on NRR. The AH2 haplotype had a substantial negative effect on NRR, with 5.1% more heifers and 4.0% more cows returning to service, but the effects on SB rates were inconsistent and mostly small effects. Our results validate the harmful effects of AH1 and AH2 on reproduction traits in the Canadian Ayrshire population. This information will be of great interest for the dairy industry, allowing producers to make mating decisions that would reduce reproductive losses.     

烤烟几个重要植物学性状的遗传分析

利用“主基因+多基因”混合遗传模型的6个世代联合分离分析方法, 分析烤烟组合丸叶×Coker319几个重要植物学性状的遗传效应。结果表明, 烤烟的株高、叶数、叶面积和鲜叶重受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因控制, 株高与叶数遗传以加性效应及显性×显性上位性效应为主, 叶面积和鲜叶重各遗传效应相差不多, 其上位性效应>加性效应>显性效应, F₂世代的主基因遗传率分别为57.53%、42.63%、30.32%和44.26%。移栽至中心花开放天数受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因控制, 以加性×加性上位性效应、加性效应及显性×显性上位性效应为主, 主基因遗传率为64.79%。茎围和比叶重均受1对完全显性主基因+加性-显性多基因控制, 茎围遗传以多基因为主, 其多基因加性效应和显性效应大小相当, 比叶重遗传主基因、多基因的加性效应和显性效应大致相当, 主基因遗传率分别为2.48%和38.71%。叶形指数受1对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因控制, 主基因加性效应与显性效应基本相当, 主基因遗传率为49.64%。叶长、叶宽、节距和蒴果重受加性-显性-上位性多基因控制, 多基因遗传率分别为60.75%、62.14%、75.08%和82.34%。     

紫茉莉根水提物对葡萄糖及四氧嘧啶致高血糖小鼠的降血糖作用

通过腹腔注射给予葡萄糖、四氧嘧啶建立小鼠高血糖模型,灌胃给予10g.kg-1·bw-1紫茉莉根水提物,连续给药10d,葡萄糖氧化酶法测空腹血糖,研究了紫茉莉根水提物对葡萄糖、四氧嘧啶、葡萄糖+四氧嘧啶致高血糖小鼠空腹血糖的影响.结论表明按10g.kg-1.bw-1连续10d灌胃给予葡萄糖、四氧嘧啶、葡萄糖+四氧嘧啶诱导...     

豆豉香气成分对CNE-1人鼻咽癌细胞凋亡诱导效果及机制

豆豉是一种具有很多益处的传统大豆发酵食品。本研究的目的是确定其香气成分在体外诱导细胞凋亡的作用及检验豆豉香气成分（volatile components of Douchi,VCD）与抗癌作用之间的关系。经0.4、0.8、1.6 mg/mL的VCD处理48 h后,人鼻咽癌CNE-1细胞的增殖受到抑制,且1.6 mg/mL的VCD具有最高的抑制效果（抑制率84.6%）。0.4 mg/mL和0.8 mg/mL的VCD处理同样表现出很好的抑制效果,抑制率分别为29.7%和55.6%。流式细胞术分析结果显示1.6 mg/mL VCD作用CNE-1细胞后处于G1期细胞有36.2%。通过逆转录-聚合酶链反应分析,VCD通过上调天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶（cysteine-aspartic acid protease,caspase）-3、caspase-8、caspase-9、B细胞淋巴瘤因子-2相关X蛋白、p53、p21、E2F1、p73、核因子κB抑制蛋白-α和下调B细胞淋巴瘤因子-2、超大B细胞淋巴瘤因子-2、人凋亡抑制蛋白（human inhibitor of apoptosis protein,HIAP）-1、HIAP-2、核因子活化B细胞κ轻链增强子-κB的mRNA的表达来显著诱导癌细胞凋亡（P＜0.05）,并呈剂量依赖性。VCD包含的63 种化合物可能导致CNE-1细胞的凋亡。这些结果表明,VCD具有体外诱导CNE-1 细胞凋亡的作用,这些效果来源于VCD复杂的化学成分。