蔷薇属植物化学成分研究进展

对蔷薇属植物的化学成分进行了归纳分类,重点介绍了黄酮类、三萜类、酚酸类、甾体类和木脂素类化合物等化学成分,为蔷薇属植物的深度开发提供了理论基础.     

巴戟天属植物化学成分研究进展

巴戟天属植物全世界有100余种,在中医药中有广泛的应用。该属植物的化学成分主要包括环稀醚萜类、蒽醌类、黄酮类、多糖类等,这些化合物主要具有抗菌、抗炎、抗肿瘤等药理作用。综述了近20年来对巴戟天属植物的化学成分的研究进展,为该属植物的开发利用提供参考。     

胡桃属植物化学成分及药理作用的研究进展

胡桃属植物含有多种化学成分,其所含化学成分主要有黄酮类、萘醌类、二芳基庚烷类、萜类、挥发油、酚酸类等。胡桃属植物提取物及化学成分具有多种生物活性,如抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗氧化、镇痛等。胡桃属植物是我国重要的树种资源,具有较高的经济价值和药用价值。本文对胡桃属植物的化学成分及药理作用的研究进展进行综述,以期为胡桃属植物的深入研究提供参考。     

风吹楠属植物化学成分及活性研究进展

为了全面了解和综合利用风吹楠属植物,本文对风吹楠属植物的化学成分和药理活性研究进展进行了综述。目前风吹楠属植物研究所涉及的种类仅5种,从中共分离到40个化学成分,包括黄酮、色原酮、木脂素、生物碱、芳基酮等结构类型。活性研究表明,一些化学成分具有明显的细胞毒活性和抗疟疾活性。开展风吹楠属植物的研究,对发现新的药用活性成分及资源保护具有重要的意义。     

紫菀属植物的化学成分研究进展

近年来,天然药物工作者从紫菀属植物中分离出很多结构新颖而又有显著生理活性的天然化合物,并对其药理活性作用的研究做过大量工作。本文就近些年来从菊科紫菀属植物中发现的一系列化合物做一综述,同时举例出部分重要化合物的结构式。希望为该属植物的进一步研究开发提供参考依据。     

重楼属植物化学成分的生物活性研究进展

综述了重楼属植物化学成分的生物活性研究。目前从重楼属17种植物中共分离报道了210个化合物,这些化学成分在抗肿瘤、抗菌、止血、抗心肌缺血和免疫调节等方面显示出一定的生理活性。     

补血草属植物化学成分及生物活性的研究进展

补血草属（Limonium mill）植物为白花丹科或蓝雪科（Plumbaginaceae）多年生草本盐生植物.综述了补血草属植物的化学成分及其生物活性,为深入研究资源丰富的补血草属药用植物提供科学依据.     

大青属植物的化学成分及药理作用研究进展

马鞭草科大青属植物多为药用种类,具有多种生物活性,本文对该属植物化学成分及药理作用进行综述,为进一步研究和利用该属植物提供参考依据。     

甜茶叶中黄酮类化合物提取条件研究

用正交实验方法探讨了甜茶叶中黄酮类化合物的最佳提取条件。研究结果表明：在80℃条件下，用6倍于叶重体积的70％醇加热提取3次，每次50min，甜茶叶黄酮提取效果最好。     

灵芝三萜提取工艺研究

研究灵芝中三萜的提取工艺.方法:采用单因素试验法和正交试验法,以灵芝三萜的提取率为考察指标,考察溶剂浓度、溶剂用量、温度、时间等因素对提取率的影响.结果:浸提温度是影响三萜提取率的主要因素.最佳工艺条件:溶剂为无水乙醇,溶剂用量为18倍量,时间2 h,温度80℃,此条件下三萜提取率达94.47%.结论:该工艺的三萜提取率高,可用于灵芝中三萜的提取.     

Triterpenoids from the Roots of Rhaphiolepis indica var. tashiroi and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity

Two new triterpenoids, 2α,3β-dihydroxyolean-11,13(18)-dien-19β,28-olide (1) and 3β,5β-dihydroxyglutinol (2), together with eight known compounds (3–10) were isolated from the roots of Rhaphiolepis indica var. tashiroi (Rosaceae). The structures of 1–10 were determined by spectroscopic techniques. Among these isolates, 2α,3β-dihydroxyolean-13(18)-en-28-oic acid (9) exhibited inhibitory effect on N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced superoxide production, with an IC₅₀ value of 16.50 μM.     

Neurotrophic and Immunomodulatory Lanostane Triterpenoids from Wood-Inhabiting Basidiomycota

Neurotrophins such as nerve growth factor (ngf) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) play important roles in the central nervous system. They are potential therapeutic drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. In this study, we investigated the neurotrophic properties of triterpenes isolated from fruiting bodies of Laetiporus sulphureus and a mycelial culture of Antrodia sp. MUCL 56049. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in combination with high-resolution electrospray mass spectrometry (HR-ESIMS). The secondary metabolites were tested for neurotrophin (ngf and bdnf) expression levels on human astrocytoma 1321N1 cells. Neurite outgrowth activity using rat pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells was also determined. Twelve triterpenoids were isolated, of which several potently stimulated the expression of neurotrophic factors, namely, ngf (sulphurenic acid, 15α-dehydroxytrametenolic acid, fomefficinic acid D, and 16α-hydroxyeburicoic acid) and bdnf (sulphurenic acid and 15α-dehydroxytrametenolic acid), respectively. The triterpenes also potentiated ngf-induced neurite outgrowth in PC-12 cells. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report on the compound class of lanostanes in direct relation to bdnf and ngf enhancement. These compounds are widespread in medicinal mushrooms; hence, they appear promising as a starting point for the development of drugs and mycopharmaceuticals to combat neurodegenerative diseases. Interestingly, they do not show any pronounced cytotoxicity and may, therefore, be better suited for therapy than many other neurotrophic compounds that were previously reported.     

托盘根中总多酚提取工艺及抗氧化活性研究

以悬钩子属植物托盘根为研究对象,采用超声辅助乙醇提取托盘根中总多酚.通过对乙醇浓度、料液比、超声时间、超声温度4种影响因素进行考察,在单因素实验结果基础上,采用正交试验优化其最佳提取工艺,并对托盘根总多酚的抗氧化能力进行评价.结果表明,托盘根活性成分的最佳提取工艺为乙醇浓度60％、超声温度80℃、超声时间50 min、...     

Cloning and Characterization of Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase Gene Involved in Triterpenoids Biosynthesis from Poria cocos

Poria cocos (P. cocos) has long been used as traditional Chinese medicine and triterpenoids are the most important pharmacologically active constituents of this fungus. Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPS) is a key enzyme of triterpenoids biosynthesis. The gene encoding FPS was cloned from P. cocos by degenerate PCR, inverse PCR and cassette PCR. The open reading frame of the gene is 1086 bp in length, corresponding to a predicted polypeptide of 361 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 41.2 kDa. Comparison of the P. cocos FPS deduced amino acid sequence with other species showed the highest identity with Ganoderma lucidum (74%). The predicted P. cocos FPS shares at least four conserved regions involved in the enzymatic activity with the FPSs of varied species. The recombinant protein was expressed in Pichia pastoris and purified. Gas chromatography analysis showed that the recombinant FPS could catalyze the formation of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) from geranyl diphosphate (GPP) and isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP). Furthermore, the expression profile of the FPS gene and content of total triterpenoids under different stages of development and methyl jasmonate treatments were determined. The results indicated that there is a positive correlation between the activity of FPS and the amount of total triterpenoids produced in P. cocos.     

胡椒醛缩合卟啉化合物的合成及其光谱性能

以胡椒醛及羟基芳香醛为原料与吡咯在丙酸中回流,合成了6种卟啉化合物,其结构用1HNMR,IR,UV-V is和ESI-MS确定。与四苯基卟啉(TPP)相比,胡椒醛的引入增大了卟啉环的共轭性,使几种化合物的光学吸收波长均发生不同程度的红移,其中,Soret带最大红移11 nm;同时,胡椒醛的引入缩小了基态与激发态之间的能极差,化合物荧光发射波长发生1~5 nm的红移。     

The Influence of Exogenous Jasmonic Acid on the Biosynthesis of Steroids and Triterpenoids in Calendula officinalis Plants and Hairy Root Culture

The interplay between steroids and triterpenoids, compounds sharing the same biosynthetic pathway but exerting distinctive functions, is an important part of the defense strategy of plants, and includes metabolic modifications triggered by stress hormones such as jasmonic acid. Two experimental models, Calendula officinalis hairy root cultures and greenhouse cultivated plants (pot plants), were applied for the investigation of the effects of exogenously applied jasmonic acid on the biosynthesis and accumulation of steroids and triterpenoids, characterized by targeted GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy) metabolomic profiling. Jasmonic acid elicitation strongly increased triterpenoid saponin production in hairy root cultures (up to 86-fold) and their release to the medium (up to 533-fold), whereas the effect observed in pot plants was less remarkable (two-fold enhancement of saponin biosynthesis after a single foliar application). In both models, the increase of triterpenoid biosynthesis was coupled with hampering the biomass formation and modifying the sterol content, involving stigmasterol-to-sitosterol ratio, and the proportions between ester and glycoside conjugates. The study revealed that various organs in the same plant can react differently to jasmonic acid elicitation; hairy root cultures are a useful in vitro model to track metabolic changes, and enhanced glycosylation (of both triterpenoids and sterols) seems to be important strategy in plant defense response.     

隐脉假卫矛中三萜类化学成分研究

综合运用硅胶柱层析、ODS柱层析、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析以及制备型高效液相等色谱分离技术,对卫矛科假卫矛属植物隐脉假卫矛Microtropis obscurinervia枝叶中的化学成分进行系统分离与纯化。结合理化性质和多种现代波谱技术,并通过与文献对照,鉴定了从白饭树枝叶90%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部位中分离得到8个三萜类化合物,分别为木栓酮(1)、桦木酸(2)、科罗索酸(3)、山楂酸(4)、坡模酮酸(5)、委陵菜酸(6)、阿江榄仁尼酸(7)和千花木酸(8)。所有化合物均为首次从隐脉假卫矛中分离得到。     

Detecting Molecular Features of Spectra Mainly Associated with Structural and Non-Structural Carbohydrates in Co-Products from BioEthanol Production Using DRIFT with Uni- and Multivariate Molecular Spectral Analyses

The objective of this study was to use DRIFT spectroscopy with uni- and multivariate molecular spectral analyses as a novel approach to detect molecular features of spectra mainly associated with carbohydrate in the co-products (wheat DDGS, corn DDGS, blend DDGS) from bioethanol processing in comparison with original feedstock (wheat (Triticum), corn (Zea mays)). The carbohydrates related molecular spectral bands included: A_Cell (structural carbohydrates, peaks area region and baseline: ca. 1485-1188 cm(-1)), A_1240 (structural carbohydrates, peak area centered at ca. 1240 cm(-1) with region and baseline: ca. 1292-1198 cm(-1)), A_CHO (total carbohydrates, peaks region and baseline: ca. 1187-950 cm(-1)), A_928 (non-structural carbohydrates, peak area centered at ca. 928 cm(-1) with region and baseline: ca. 952-910 cm(-1)), A_860 (non-structural carbohydrates, peak area centered at ca. 860 cm(-1) with region and baseline: ca. 880-827 cm(-1)), H_1415 (structural carbohydrate, peak height centered at ca. 1415 cm(-1) with baseline: ca. 1485-1188 cm(-1)), H_1370 (structural carbohydrate, peak height at ca. 1370 cm(-1) with a baseline: ca. 1485-1188 cm(-1)). The study shows that the grains had lower spectral intensity (KM Unit) of the cellulosic compounds of A_1240 (8.5 vs. 36.6, P < 0.05), higher (P < 0.05) intensities of the non-structural carbohydrate of A_928 (17.3 vs. 2.0) and A_860 (20.7 vs. 7.6) than their co-products from bioethanol processing. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in the peak area intensities of A_Cell (structural CHO) at 1292-1198 cm(-1) and A_CHO (total CHO) at 1187-950 cm(-1) with average molecular infrared intensity KM unit of 226.8 and 508.1, respectively. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in the peak height intensities of H_1415 and H_1370 (structural CHOs) with average intensities 1.35 and 1.15, respectively. The multivariate molecular spectral analyses were able to discriminate and classify between the corn and corn DDGS molecular spectra, but not wheat and wheat DDGS. This study indicated that the bioethanol processing changes carbohydrate molecular structural profiles, compared with the original grains. However, the sensitivities of different types of carbohydrates and different grains (corn and wheat) to the processing differ. In general, the bioethanol processing increases the molecular spectral intensities for the structural carbohydrates and decreases the intensities for the non-structural carbohydrates. Further study is needed to quantify carbohydrate related molecular spectral features of the bioethanol co-products in relation to nutrient supply and availability of carbohydrates.