基于数据库查询的自然语言接口研究

语音识别技术是近年来信息领域重要的科技发展技术之一.作为一门交叉学科,语音识别正逐步成为信息技术中人机接口的关键技术.探讨了为数据库查询提供自然语言接口的可能性,介绍了图书资料查询系统中语音识别的基本框架,并详细描述了采用微软Speech SDK技术实现图书资料查询的详细过程.给出了查询流程,基于状态转换图的词法分析和语法分析方法,将疑问句转换成SQL查询语句的方法,以及由查询结果生成答句的方法.     

数据库自然语言接口研究

使用自然语言对数据库进行操作,有利于数据库技术的进一步推广应用。本文首先对语音识别的主要技术隐马尔可夫模型进行了综述,对数据库操作的词法和语义进行了研究,分析给出了基本的操作语句框架。     

Generalized Query-By-Rule: a heterogeneous database query language

This paper describes the design and implementation of a high-level query language called Generalized Query-By-Rule (GQBR) which supports retrieval, insertion, deletion and update operations. This language, based on the formalism of database logic, enables the users to access each database in a distributed heterogeneous environment, without having to learn all the different data manipulation languages. The compiler has been implemented on a DEC 1090 system in Pascal.     

Natural language query processing in a temporal database

This paper addresses some of the issues that arise in representing temporal information in the database context. It deals not only with the explicit representation of temporal information but with mechanisms for reasoning with it as well. It addresses the issue of processing natural language queries with explicit temporal references. The three issues of knowledge representation, natural language processing and query processing are addressed using the axiomatic framework based on equational logic.     

Video-graphic query facility for database retrieval

The goal of this project was to develop a prototype to demonstrate the use of video and graphic techniques applied to the human-machine interface for data retrieval from a typical computerized database. Data is presented to a user via video and graphic means; queries are formulated in one of several graphic formats; control operations are handled through joystick, touch panel, or single-keystroke maneuvers. To accomplish this, we made use of videodisc, interactive computer graphics, and relational database technologies. Still pictures, video segments, and pictures of text are used as visual cues to a user who indicates interest in a data item in a pointing gesture by touching the panel through which the item may be seen. The user may find the actual data item s/he desires, then pose a query for additional information in one of four graphic query formats. A specially designed database was developed to handle the video and graphic data needed for this user facility.     

RELOOP, an algebra based query language for an object-oriented database system

In most object-oriented databases, as opposed to value-oriented databases, data are accessed by a programming language instead of a declarative query language. End users do not have a simple tool to perform their queries. This paper is concerned with the definition of an SQL-like query language on top of the O₂ object-oriented database system. We study the influence of the object-oriented paradigm on a query language, describe our language through examples, define its semantics by means of an algebra and sketch the compilation of RELOOP in one of the languages supported by the O₂ system.     

数据库自然语言查询系统Nchiql中语义依存树向SQL的转换

本文介绍了关系数据库受限自然语言查询系统NChiql中语义依存树向SQL的转换算法。文章首先介绍了集合块的概念、划分方法以及集合块向SQL的转换算法,然后再给出最大集合块的再次划分方法,最后形成完整的转化算法。     

Enhancing information systems management with natural language processing techniques

Natural language and databases are core components of information systems. They are related to each other because they share the same purpose: the conceptualization aspects of the real world in order to deal with them in some way. Natural language processing (NLP) techniques may substantially enhance most phases of the information system lifecycle, starting with requirements analysis, specification and validation, and going up to conflict resolution, result processing and presentation. Furthermore, natural language based query languages and user interfaces facilitate the access to information for anyone and allow for new paradigms in the usage of computerized services. This paper investigates the use of NLP techniques in the design phase of information systems. Then, it reports on data base querying and information retrieval enhanced with NLP.     

Semantic language and multi-language MT approach based on SL

Any natural language is regarded as a representation of semantic language.The translation between two languages (I,J) is regarded as a transformation between two representations.A natural language-Ⅰ is translated into another natural language-J only by two steps.One is semantic-analysis of language-Ⅰ based on “semantic-element-representation-base of language-I“,the other is deploying into the representation of language-J based on “semantic-element-representation-base of language-J‘.For translating in N natural languages,it is needed to develop N translation systems only,rather than N（N-1）/2,or 2N systems.     

A familial specification language for database application systems

The Familial Specification Language is a set theoretic and functional language providing a unified approach to the less-procedural design of database application systems. The language is proposed to be both a database language and an application program specification language. The unique data structure employed, the family of sets, provides the designer with a unified framework, both to model and maintain data, and to algebraically specify the application programs without looping or branching, and with no side effects. Using the same data structure in both the data model and the problem specification creates a natural interface between the database and the application programs. Special emphasis is placed on aggregation and classification, the major problems is business data processing.     

Supporting mobile database access through query by icons

In this paper, we present both the theoretical framework and a prototype of a query processing facility that supports the exploration and query of databases from a mobile computer through the manipulation of icons. Icons are particularly suitable for mobile computing since they can be manipulated without typing. The facility requires no special knowledge of the location or the content of the remote database nor understanding of the details of the database schema. Its iconic query language involves no path specification in composing a query. The query facility provides metaquery tools that assist in the formulation of complete queries in an incremental manner on the mobile computer and without involving access to the actual data in the remote database. By not requiring constant access and caching of the actual data, it is able to effectively cope with the inherent limitations in memory and battery life on the mobile computer, disconnections and restricted communication bandwidth, and the high monetary cost of wireless communication.Recommended by: Daniel Barbara, Ravi Jain and Narayanan Krishnakumar     

A portable implementation of a modular multiprocessing database programming language

This paper introduces the database programming language RAPP, which is an integration of the data type relation and relational algebraic operations with the modular multiprocessing language Pascal Plus. A portable version of the RAPP compiler has been implemented and is described.     

OWL-QL—a language for deductive query answering on the Semantic Web

This paper discusses the issues involved in designing a query language for the Semantic Web and presents the OWL query language (OWL-QL) as a candidate standard language and protocol for query–answering dialogues among Semantic Web computational agents using knowledge represented in the W3Cs ontology web language (OWL). OWL-QL is a formal language and precisely specifies the semantic relationships among a query, a query answer, and the knowledge base(s) used to produce the answer. Unlike standard database and Web query languages, OWL-QL supports query–answering dialogues in which the answering agent may use automated reasoning methods to derive answers to queries, as well as dialogues in which the knowledge to be used in answering a query may be in multiple knowledge bases on the Semantic Web, and/or where those knowledge bases are not specified by the querying agent. In this setting, the set of answers to a query may be of unpredictable size and may require an unpredictable amount of time to compute.     

基于谓词及句义类型块的汉语句义类型识别

从现代汉语语义学角度,可将句义类型划分为简单句义、复杂句义、复合句义和多重句义4种。作为在整体上对句义结构进行描述的方式之一,句义类型识别是对汉语句子进行完整句义结构分析的重要步骤。该文基于谓词及句义类型块提出了一种汉语句义类型识别的方法,实现了4种句义类型的识别。该方法先通过句中谓词的个数进行初步识别判断出部分简单句,再对剩余的句子先用C4.5机器学习的方法得到句中谓词经过的最大句义类型块的个数,再结合句法结构中顶端句子节点进行判决,最终给出剩余句子的句义类型判定结果。实验采用BFS-CTC汉语标注语料库中10221个句子进行开集测试,句义类型的整体识别准确率达到97.6%,为基于现代汉语语义学的研究奠定了一定的技术研究基础。     

Micro MUMPS: An interactive database language for micro-computers

A simple interactive language named Micro MUMPS has been implemented on a microcomputer system. Its powerful facilities for data base manipulation and character handling make programming easy for end users who are unfamiliar with computers. Micro MUMPS is a practical subset of the language MUMPS which has been implemented on many minicomputers, and it also has some additional capabilities indispensable to micro-computer applications. A modified prefix B-tree is used in Micro MUMPS database and its organization can be changed according to the requirements of space and time efficiency. The design criteria of Micro MUMPS and micro-computer based implementation techniques are discussed in this paper.     

A language for simple interactive retrieval from a database system

Query interaction with a database system requires, in general, some understanding of the content and structure of the database, and knowledge of a suitable query language to encode the request for data. These factors impose barriers against access to a database on a casual or irregular basis. To overcome such restrictions we have investigated the use of a pseudo-intelligent front-end retrieval system. This system was designed to be independent of any specific database management system, although a relational database structure was considered to be the most appropriate. A prototype version of the system has been set up to run on top of Logica's relational database management system RAPPORT and the IBM relational database system SQL. As a result of this experience we have developed an adaptable language to facilitate intelligent interaction between an end user and a database management system.     

Abstract interpretation of database query languages

In this paper, we extend the Abstract Interpretation framework to the field of query languages for relational databases as a way to support sound approximation techniques. This way, the semantics of query languages can be tuned according to suitable abstractions of the concrete domain of data. The abstraction of relational database system has many interesting applications, in particular, for security purposes, such as fine grained access control, watermarking, etc.     

基于本体的语义虚拟环境查询与推理模型

当前将本体引入到语义虚拟环境的研究,只是将领域本体的可视化信息用本体表示,并未发挥本体本身具有的优势。为此,提出一种基于本体的语义虚拟环境查询与推理模型。利用OWL语言统一描述虚拟场景图形内容与语义信息,并分别对两者进行查询,在图形内容查询过程中引入本体的推理方法推理出隐含的图形内容信息,然后查询需要的信息。在语义信息查询时引入语义搜索方法,利用基于语义距离计算本体概念相似度的方法计算语义虚拟环境本体中类之间的相似度,搜索与被查询实例语义相似度最大的实例,并借助推理找出其间的关系。对语义虚拟家具商店进行本体的查询与推理,结果证明了该模型的可行性。     

基于自然语言理解的SPARQL本体查询

为了用户能够方便地获取本体知识,提出了基于自然语言理解的SPARQL本体查询。利用Stanford Parser分析用户的自然语言查询,根据语法构建查询三元组,与关键词的方法相比,有效地减少了组合的个数。结合用户词典,能较准确地把查询三元组的词汇映射到本体实体。分值计算时除了考虑词语的形式相似和语义相似外,还考虑了概念的模糊性,尽量返回具体的概念。利用本体推理获取隐藏在本体中的信息,对查询进行过滤和限制,提高了准确率。用户通过图形交互界面和系统进行交互,选择需要的结果,最后返回树形查询结果,并能看到相关的信息。实验结果表明,该方法达到了预期的效果。