木质素季铵盐表面活性剂的合成

利用环氧氯丙烷与三甲胺盐酸盐在碱性条件下反应,生成环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵中间体。根据环氧值和转化率确定了制备中间体的最佳工艺条件:n(环氧氯丙烷)∶n(三甲胺盐酸盐)=1.0∶1.2,反应时间3 h,反应温度50℃。以该条件下制备的中间体与木质素反应,合成木质素季铵盐表面活性剂,确定其最佳工艺条件:m(中间体)∶m(木质素)=1∶2,反应时间6 h,反应温度72℃。通过红外光谱分析及黏度和表面张力的测定,表明合成的木质素季铵盐表面活性剂样品黏度大,表面张力小,表面活性明显提高。     

3-十二烷氧基-2-羟基丙基三甲基氯化铵的合成及性质研究

本文以十二醇、环氧氯丙烷(EPIC)与三甲胺盐酸盐合成了阳离子表面活性剂3-十二烷氧基-2-羟基丙基三甲基氯化铵(DPAC).实验得出了最佳合成条件:中间体十二烷基缩水甘油醚:,n(脂肪醇):n(EPIC)=1:1.8,反应时间4 h,温度50℃,碱的浓度为50%,四丁基溴化铵作催化剂;DPAC的合成:n(十二烷氧基缩水甘油醚):n(三甲胺盐酸盐)=1:1,温度30℃,反应3 h.DPAC的收率可达96%.使用红外、核磁共振对产品进行了定性分析,并研究了其界面、抗菌、抑菌性质.     

废油脂制备表面活性剂及在浮选脱墨中的应用

以废弃食用油(简称废油脂)为原料,合成了两种废纸脱墨常用的表面活性剂:脂肪酰胺丙基二甲基胺和脂肪酰胺型季铵盐;通过条件实验获得两种表面活性剂的最佳合成条件;考察了两种表面活性剂对旧报纸的浮选脱墨效果,并与市售表面活性剂(AEO-9和皂钠)进行比较。结果表明,脂肪酰胺丙基二甲基胺的最优合成条件为:反应温度110℃,反应时间2 h,物料摩尔比1∶1.1,转化率62%;脂肪酰胺型季铵盐的最优合成条件为:以异丙醇作溶剂,反应温度72℃,反应时间0.5 h,溶剂用量20%,转化率82.7%。两种表面活性剂单独使用时,脱墨后纸浆白度均高于采用市售表面活性剂AEO-9和皂钠的,两种表面活性剂以1∶1比例复配后使用,脱墨后纸浆白度可达54.3%,这两种表面活性剂均可与AEO-9复配使用,且效果比单独使用AEO-9时纸浆白度可分别提高7.3个百分点和5.6个百分点。     

聚丙烯酸类高分子表面活性剂的合成及其脱墨作用

以不同相对分子质量的聚乙二醇与马来酸酐制备马来酸单酯,再与丙烯酸聚合生成马来酸单酯-丙烯酸共聚物.较佳反应条件为:酯化反应温度为75℃,投料比n(醇):n(酸酐)=1:1.05,反应时间1h;聚合温度85℃,m(MAG):m(AA)=1:1,w(引发剂)=1.5%,反应时间6h.将马来酸单酯-丙烯酸共聚物与其他低离子表面活性剂复配,可使脱墨纸浆白度达64.3%ISO,残余油墨量2.4mm2/g,w(得率)=77.6%.     

LIP型非离子表面活性剂的制备及其在废纸脱墨中的应用

以月桂酸二乙醇酰胺(LDEA)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)和不同相对分子质量的聚乙二醇(PEG)为原料制备了一系列LIP型非离子表面活性剂;探讨了最佳合成工艺条件,并对产物进行了结构表征和物理性能检测;研究了合成产物在浮选法废纸脱墨中的应用,并将其与复配脱墨剂以及市售脱墨剂的脱墨效果进行对比。结果表明,使用相对分子质量600的PEG,在反应温度55℃,反应时间2 h,催化剂用量为单体LDEA的1.0%,n(LDEA):n(IPDI):n(PEG)=1.0:2.0:2.0时,合成表面活性剂具有较好的浮选脱墨效果;将LIP-600、月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO-9)和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES)按质量比2:1:1复配,复配表面活性剂总质量占绝干纸质量的0.2%时,废纸脱墨效果进一步提高,脱墨后纸浆白度可达72.3%,残余油墨量为51.4 mm~2/m~2。     

硬脂酸二乙醇酰胺二步合成法

报道了硬脂酸二乙醇酰胺的二步合成法。经过条件优化法确定了较好的合成工艺 ,具体条件为 :( )投料比 (硬脂酸 :二乙醇胺 )为 1 :0 .6,反应温度 1 70 - 1 75℃ ,反应时间 4.5- 5h;( )反应温度 80 - 85℃ ,(催化剂 )为 1 .5% ,反应时间 2 .5- 3h。产品纯度达到 90 % ,与甲酯交换法相近。     

Bola型羧酸盐表面活性剂的合成研究

以聚丙二醇和氯乙酸钠为原料合成了一种新型Bola型羧酸盐表面活性剂.采用正交试验法考察了反应物配比、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间对转化率的影响.确定了最佳反应条件:n(聚丙二醇)∶n(氯乙酸钠)=1∶2.15,n(氯乙酸钠)∶n(NaOH)=1∶1.1,反应温度70℃,反应时间5 h.在此条件下,转化率为92.23%.并用IR、MS对此表面活性剂结构进行了表征.     

废油脂制备烷醇酰胺表面活性剂的工艺研究

以废油脂为原料,在自制DYD催化剂作用下制得脂肪酸甲酯,再以氢氧化钾为催化剂,与二乙醇胺合成烷醇酰胺.考察了催化剂用量,脂肪酸甲酯与二乙醇胺摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间、真空度等因素对反应的影响,通过单因素试验和析因试验确定出最佳工艺条件为:n(脂肪酸甲酯):n(二乙醇胺)=1:1.55,反应温度110℃,反应时间2.5 h,真空度0.08 MPa,催化剂用量0.65%(基于脂肪酸甲酯的质量).最佳条件下,烷醇酰胺的收率达96.3%.通过红外光谱仪对产物进行了结构表征,并对其界面张力进行了测定.结果表明,合成了目标产物,产物具有较好的界面活性.     

有机硅双子表面活性剂的合成研究

以氨乙基氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷(D602)、六甲基二硅氧烷(MM)、乙二醇二缩水甘油醚、乙酸酐为原料,经3步反应合成聚醚改性有机硅双子表面活性剂.通过单因素法考察了n(乙氧基氨乙基氨丙基三硅氧烷)∶n(乙酸酐)、反应温度、反应时间对反应收率的影响,确定了目标产物的较佳合成工艺:n(乙氧基氨乙基氨丙基三硅氧烷)∶n(乙酸酐)=1∶4,异丙醇作溶剂,60℃反应2 h,合成反应条件温和,易于控制.用1H-NMR对目标产物进行了结构表征.     

羧酸盐型有机硅嵌段聚醚的合成及性能

以有机硅嵌段聚醚、氯乙酸钠和NaOH为原料,合成了羧酸盐型有机硅嵌段聚醚。采用正交实验法对反应条件进行了优化,并利用红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对其结构进行了表征。考察了产物溶液的表面张力和润湿性能。结果表明,较优的反应条件为:反应时间5 h,反应温度60℃,n(有机硅嵌段聚醚)∶n(氯乙酸钠)=1.0∶2.1,n(氯乙酸钠)∶n(NaOH)=1.0∶1.1。产物溶液的表面张力最低降至25 mN/m左右,具有良好的润湿性能。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press