PACVD金属陶瓷的制备,特性和磨损行为

市售的金属陶瓷刀片都具有ＴｉＮＸ,ＴｉＣＸＮｙ,和（Ｔｉ,Ｓｉ）Ｎｘ涂层,这些涂层通过使用脉冲直流放电的等离子辅助化学气相沉积完成。在７７３－９７３Ｋ的沉积温度范围内研究了涂层参数对沉积速率,涂层化学组成,涂层和基体界面,涂层的结构的显微硬度的影响。在优化工艺参数下,获得了含氧和氯杂质低,显微硬度高,粘结强度好的涂层。对ＴｉＣｘＮｙ和（Ｔｉ,Ｓｉ）Ｎｘ涂层业说,是否具有较ＴｉＮｘ高的显微硬度,取决     

真空电弧沉积的Ti—Zr—N和Ti—Nb—N多元涂层

硬质涂层对于减少工具,特别是刀具的磨损起着越来越重要的作用．ＴｉＮ是目前使用的主要涂层．ＴｉＮ涂层的改进工作主要集中在新的ＴｉＮ基合金和多元复合层,希望得到多元素组合的耐磨、耐高温涂层．Ｔｉ－Ｚｒ－Ｎ徐层一直是通过反应溅射法、磁控靶和弧源同时混合的离子沉积法和真空电弧沉积法制备的．关于Ｔｉ－Ｎｂ－Ｎ合金系涂层,文献报道的很少．研究表明,三元系氮化物涂层比二元系的性能更好．多元涂层大都是由合金靶材沉积得到的．关于利用二阴极的真空电弧沉积法共沉积的Ｔｉ－Ｚｒ－Ｎ涂层和Ｔｉ－Ｎｂ－Ｎ涂层,文献报道的很…     

化学气相沉积TiC-Ti(CN)-TiN涂层在硬质合金拉丝模上应用研究

用化学气相沉积法（CVD）在硬质合金拉丝模上沉积TiC－Ti（N）-TiN耐磨涂层，经工业试验表明涂层具有硬度高、摩擦系数小、与基体粘附性强、化学稳定性好和耐磨等优良性能。涂层拉丝模比非涂层模提高使用寿命1～4倍。     

碳化钛膜的制备和应用研究

通过正交试验对ＰＣＶＤ－ＴｉＣ膜的镀膜工艺参数进行了优化,得到了可制备高硬度、高结合牢度和高沉积速率ＴｉＣ膜泊工艺参数。试验表明,在用ＰＣＶＤ法沉积ＴｉＣ膜的过程中,ＴｉＣｌ４和ＣＨ４流量的重要控制参数。过多的ＴｉＣ４和ＣＨ４都会给ＴｉＣ膜带来不利的影响。氩气虽然可以提高ＴｉＣ膜的沉积速率,但同时也降低了膜－基之间的结合牢度。在冷挤压模具上应用的结果表明,镀有优化后ＰＣＶＤ－ＴｉＣ膜的模具比镀Ｔｉ     

Ti—C—Al体系热爆合成过程

采用整体加热燃烧合成法（即热爆合成）制备了ＴｉＣ－Ａｌ复合体系，利用差热分析（ＤＴＡ）、Ｘ射线衍射分析（ＸＲＤ）和扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）等手段研究了Ｔｉ－Ｃ－Ａｌ体系中升温速度及Ａｌ含量对ＴｉＣ反应合成过程的影响，分析了Ａｌ基体对ＴｉＣ粒子的形成机理．结果表明，在ＴｉＣ反应合成过程中，首先是Ｔｉ与Ａｌ反应形成Ｔｉ与Ａｌ的化合物，放出热量，随后促使Ｔｉ与Ｃ的放热反应发生，合成ＴｉＣ时放热产生的高温使Ｔｉ与Ａｌ的化合物分解，从而制得ＴｉＣ－Ａｌ复合体系；升温速度及Ａｌ含量只有超过一定值时，该体系才能在较低温度发生热爆反应；当Ａｌ的质量分数从１０％升至５０％时，ＴｉＣ的粒度从５．０μｍ阵至０．５μｍ．     

金属陶瓷切削刀具的耐磨涂层

沉积耐磨涂层的常规化学气相沉积和物理气相沉积方法已被证明不能有效地提高以Ｎｉ￣Ｍｏ基粘结剂粘结的ＴｉＣ基或ＴｉＣＮ基金属陶瓷的使用寿命，因为粘结剂与涂层之间会发生强烈的反应。现已开发了一种金属陶瓷切削刀具沉积碳化铬基多层涂层的新方法。这种方法包括真空处理 基体和沉积由碳化铬上层和碳化物层和基体之间Ｎｉ基中间层组成的涂层。经涂层的金属陶瓷可转位刀片的耐磨性由于涂层的独特结构及其优异性能而得到明显提高     

Al2O3—TiC—Co改性陶瓷的性能及其耐磨性

以化学沉积的方法,在陶瓷体Ａｌ２Ｏ３,ＴｉＣ的表面均匀包覆一层Ｃｏ膜。混合球磨后经热压烧结的Ａｌ２Ｏ３－Ｔｉｃ－Ｃｏ（ＡＴＣ）改性陶瓷的强度和断裂韧性比Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＣ提高约４０％。并对Ａｌ２Ｏ－ＴｉＣ－Ｃｏ和Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＣ陶瓷的磨粒磨损行为、磨损机理和磨粒磨损耐磨性进行了比较。结果表明,Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＣ－Ｃｏ陶瓷的耐磨性明显好于Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＣ陶瓷,磨损表面呈现较多的塑性变形。     

用TiCl3低温化学气相沉积TiN的实验研究

从热力学分析中论述了ＴｉＣｌ３与Ｎ２在低温下反应形成ＴｉＮ的可行性、并通过ＴｉＣｌ３的制备及沉积试验，在４５０－６００℃温度范围内在钢基材上获得了ＴｉＮ的涂层。文中对实验装备与试验过程作了简介，对钢基工模具上应用ＴｉＮ涂层将起到积极作用。     

Ti—6Al—4V合金微动磨损的表面防护

分析对比了Ｔｉ－６Ａｌ－４Ｖ合金经喷丸后抛光、火焰喷涂Ｃｕ涂层、等离子喷涂锡青铜、Ｃｕ－Ｎｉ－Ｉｎ和ＷＣ／Ｃｏ－Ｉ涂层、爆炸喷涂ＷＣ／Ｃｏ－Ⅱ、Ｎｉ－６０和化学镀镍磷镀层等处理后，在室温和５００℃下的抗微动磨损性能。结果表明：ＷＣ／Ｃｏ－Ｉ涂层有较好的综合防护效果。     

非化学计量碳化钛基新型功能梯度靶的研制

在各种工具上涂覆耐磨和耐蚀薄膜的实践中，用离子－等离子溅射复合阴极（靶）工艺制取的多组分和多相涂层正得到愈来愈多应用。自蔓延高温合成（ＣＢＣ）法可获得形形色色的陶瓷基、金属陶瓷基和金属间化合物基阴极谱。陶瓷阴极的一个本质缺陷是其导热性低，从而导致阴极材料过热和分层、形成不稳定的等离子，结果使喷涂工艺过程的生产率下降． 为克服上述缺点，曾试图合成具有较高热强度的功能梯度阴极靶（Ｍ）．这些阴极的外工作层可由ＴｉＣα基、ＴｉＢ基等陶瓷组成，而内层则可由金属如Ｔｉ组成．莫斯科钢铁和合金学院ＣＢＣ学术与教…     

工具钢B—Ti共渗表面强化的试验研究

本文对高碳钢、合金工具钢进行了B-Ti共渗试验,对B-Ti共渗层的化学成分、相结构及显微组织进行了分析,对B-Ti共渗层的性能进行了测定。B-Ti共渗与渗B相比较,B-Ti渗层具有高的硬度和耐磨性,可以应用于刀具和模具。     

Improvement of formability in deep drawing of ultra-high strength steel sheets by coating of die

The formability of deep drawn ultra-high strength steel sheets in dies coated with either titanium nitride (TiN) or Vanadium carbide (VC) at different drawing speeds and ironing ratios was investigated. TiN was deposited via chemical vapour deposition and physical vapour deposition (PVD) while thermal diffusion was used for VC deposition. In non-coated dies, seizure occurred on both surfaces of the die and the side wall of the drawn cup irrespective of the deep drawing conditions. The deep drawability is improved with coating of die. Whereas in coated dies, seizure became significant only during deep drawing extreme conditions of 120 mm/s for TiN-coated dies; and this was prevented in VC-coated dies across all drawing conditions. The VC-coated die was suitable for deep drawing of ultra-high strength steel sheets. The delayed fractured observed in the ultra-high strength steel cups occurred for a large amount of ironing ratio and drawing speeds; and this can be prevented by appropriate heat treatment.     

Reduction of wear at hot forging dies by using coating systems containing boron

The near surface area of forging dies is exposed to high mechanical loads. Additionally thermal and chemical stresses appear during the hot forging process. Depending on the number of forged parts, several kinds of stresses occur in the near surface area, which lead to the initial failures of forging dies. Wear is the main reason for production downtimes with a ratio of 70%. Furthermore, thermal and mechanical cracks are typical causes for failures causes as well as plastic deformation. In order to reduce wear, the abrasion resistance of the forging die surface has to be increased. Hence, different methods like plasma nitriding and optional additional thin hard coatings (TiN, TiCN, TiC, TiBN and TiB₂) were successfully examined. Recently developed Ti–B–N coatings in specific multilayer designs are thermally stable, wear-resistant and anti-adhesive regarding the sticking of work piece material. This paper presents the wear reduction possibilities of boron-containing multilayer coating systems applied to forging dies by using the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition treatment. A basic mechanical and analytical characterization of different coating systems is realized in the first stage of the project. Best qualified multilayer coating variants were applied to forging dies for experimental investigations. As a result of the tests, wear can be reduced significantly by using thermally stable boron multilayer coatings. To receive realistic wear values under production conditions, an automated forging process was used for testing. After 3,000 forged parts, the coatings were examined by tactile measurement, SEM and EDX analyses to characterize the occurring wear.     

利用电火花加工方法对模具进行表面涂层的研究

介绍了一种可在普通电火花加工机床上实现的金属模具表面涂层新方法,在大量试验的基础上对模具钢涂层的工艺及特性进行了详细分析。结果表明,用电火花加工的方法对模具钢表面进行涂层可以明显改善其性能,将该方法在冲模上进行了试验,试验表明,有涂层的模具寿命较未涂层的模具寿命有显著提高。     

Improvement of press dies used for the production of diamond composites by means of DUPLEX-PVD-coatings

In the machining of hard materials such as glass or stone, cemented carbides have been recently replaced by diamond tools, consisting of a metallic carrier, on to which diamond segments are brazed. One of the most economic ways for the production of diamond segments is the cold compaction of the mixture of a metallic powder and diamond particles. Due to a highly abrasive sliding contact between diamond particles and the die walls, the wear rate of the press dies is very high. As a result of a low lifetime of the press dies, they must be replaced in short time periods. To avoid the costly and time-consuming substitution of the press dies, in this work PVD-coatings were deposited on the inner surface of the pre-plasma nitrided press dies (DUPLEX treatment). Thereby, various high and low alloy tool steels were treated by means of plasma nitriding process. Subsequently, a nanocomposite TiAlN coating (nc-TiAlN) was deposited by means of a high ionization magnetron sputtering device on nitrided and non-nitrided steel substrates. The mechanical and tribological properties of these coating systems were studied by means of several standard tests such as nanoindentation, ball-on-disc and scratch test. The most wear resistant coating system was chosen to employ on the inner surface of the press dies. The wear resistance of the press dies developed in this study was tested under real loading condition during compaction of the mixture of diamond particles and cobalt powder. It was revealed that employing plasma nitrided tool, steels coated with nanocomposite TiAlN decreases the wear rate of the press dies up to 76%.     

直流PCVDTi（CxN1—X）硬质膜及其应用

对不同成分的PCVD－Ti（CXN1－X）膜的组织结构及性能进行了研究。结果表明，Ti（CN）膜的高硬度、高致密组织和膜表面因吸附氧而形成的与TiN不同的表面结构是Ti（CN）膜性能优于TiN膜的重要因素。在冷挤压模上应用结果也表明，用PCVD法制备的Ti（CN）膜和TiC膜的使用效果要比TiN膜好得多。     

Cr基金属氮化物涂层改善冷冲模性能的研究

采用非平衡磁控溅射法在硬度分别为56HRC和62HRC的Cr12MoV冷作模具钢表面制备Cr/CrN/CrTiAlN涂层,综合分析了涂层的表面性能,并进行了应用试验。实验结果和应用试验表明：Cr/CrN/CrTiAlN涂层能显著提高Cr12MoV钢基体的表面硬度（2550HV25）及承载能力,并与基体较好地结合,从而显著减少了Cr12MoV钢基体的磨粒磨损,耐磨性提高,对于高的基体硬度这一效果更为明显。经Cr/CrN/CrTiAlN涂层的翻边精整冷冲模,较未表面处理模具其使用寿命提高了两个数量级以上。     

等离子体增强磁控溅射TiN涂层与铝对摩时的摩擦磨损行为∗

铝挤压模具表面的摩擦磨损行为是影响铝制品质量和模具寿命的重要因素。为了进一步优化铝挤压模具表面耐磨涂层的沉积工艺，以 TiN 涂层为例，采用等离子体增强磁控溅射方法分别在基体偏流为 0.1 A、1.5 A、3.0 A 和 4.5 A 条件下制备 TiN 涂层，利用 XPS、SEM、AFM 和 XRD 分别测量 TiN 涂层的化学成分、表截面微观结构和相组成，利用纳米压痕仪和旋转式球-盘摩擦磨损试验机分别考察 TiN 涂层试样的综合力学性能和与铝对摩时的摩擦磨损行为。结果表明：基体偏流增加对 TiN 涂层的化学组成影响较小。随着基体偏流的增加，TiN 涂层的横截面形貌逐渐细化。涂层表面具有由岛状微凸起组成的微结构，随着基体偏流的增加，微凸起尺寸和数量逐渐减小，表面粗糙度逐渐降低。不同基体偏流条件下制备的涂层均具有明显的 TiN(111)择优生长趋势。当基体偏流从 0.1 A 增加到 1.5 A 时，TiN 涂层的晶粒尺寸明显减小，涂层的综合力学性能得到显著提高。TiN 涂层试样与铝对摩过程中主要发生粘着磨损和磨料磨损，涂层试样对铝的减摩抗磨性能与对摩过程中的铝粘着面积呈负相关。结论：基体偏流对等离子体增强磁控溅射 TiN 涂层的表截面微观结构、力学性能和摩擦磨损行为影响显著，基体偏流为 1.5 A 时制备的 TiN 涂层具有最低的摩擦因数和磨损率，分别为 0.41×10^?15 和 3.03×10^?15 m³ / (N·m)。研究结果对铝成型模具表面高性能长寿命防护涂层的研究开发具有一定的理论意义和实用价值。     

功能梯度表面涂层热锻模的仿真设计与分析

针对热锻模损伤主要发生在模具表面的情况,构想使用梯度功能材料对均质材料制造的热锻模进行表面处理,阐述了梯度材料锻模表面涂层的设计方法,建立了基于Deform软件的热锻成形有限元模型,分析对比了均质热锻模与梯度材料表面涂层热锻模在锻造生产后的温度场和应力场,从而论证了在热锻模表面进行梯度材料表面复合涂层处理的优越性。     

激光熔敷技术在排气门和模具上的应用研究

研究了在２１－４Ｎ钢表面激光熔敷Ｎｉ基合金和Ｎｉ基合金中再加入ＷＣ和稀土氧化物ＣｅＣＯ２熔敷层的摩擦磨损性能和高温冲吉磨损性能,并对汽车排气门和滚动轴承套圈热冲模进行了激光熔敷处理和装机试验,结果表明,在排气门上激光熔敷Ｎｉ２１合金,热冲模具激光熔敷Ｎｉ６０＋２０％ＷＣ＋０．５％ＣｅＯ２能显著提高它们的使用寿命。