三相相转移催化剂合成N—乙基间甲苯胺的研究

采用三相相转移催化剂（四丁基溴化铵－聚苯乙烯树脂），催化间甲苯与溴乙烷合成Ｎ－乙基间甲苯胺的新工艺，探讨了合成反应条件对Ｎ－乙基间甲苯胺收率的影响，在催化剂用量４．４％，间甲苯胺与溴乙烷摩尔比为１：１．６的优化条件下，Ｎ－乙基间甲苯胺的收率达到９３．６％。     

三相相转移催化剂催化合成N—乙基间甲苯胺的研究

采用三相转移催化剂（四丁基溴化铵－聚苯乙烯树脂），由间甲苯胺和溴乙烷合成了Ｎ－乙基间甲苯胺，探讨了反应条件对产物收率的影响，在催化剂用量５．５％，间甲苯胺与溴乙烷摩尔比为１：１．６及反应时间６ｈ的优化工艺条件下，Ｎ－乙基间甲苯胺的收率达到９３．６％。     

N－乙基－N－苄基间甲苯胺合成研究

Ｎ－乙基－Ｎ－苄基间甲苯胺合成研究董源，严伐合成Ｃ．Ｉ．ＡｃｉｄＢｌｕｅ９０、９１、１０９及ＷｏｏｌＤｉｓｃｈａｒｇｅＢｌｕｅＧＮ等品种的重要中间体Ｎ－乙基－Ｎ－苄基间甲苯胺（ＢＥＴ）国内工业化生产单位尚属不多，而ＢＥＴ专用性较强，国外专题报导罕见，...     

N—乙基间甲苯胺的合成研究

以间甲苯胺和乙醇为原料，在反应温度２５０￣２７０℃、空速０．７５ｈ＾－１、乙醇／间甲苯胺（摩尔比）为２．５￣３．１，ＳＮＣＯＺ或ＣＥＹ作催化剂的条件下，合成了Ｎ－乙基间甲苯胺。并对合成工艺条件进行了探讨。     

乙醇和间甲苯胺气相常压合成N─乙基间甲苯胺工业模试

乙醇和间甲苯胺气相常压合成Ｎ─乙基间甲苯胺工业模试章哲彦（宁波师范学院化学系）Ｎ－乙基间甲苯胺是合成彩色胶卷显色剂的重要原料，也可作为合成染料、有机颜料、药物、橡胶助剂的中间体。目前只有日本、德国等少数国家生产，国内个别厂一虽试产成功［１］，但由于工...     

间硝基苯基-β-羟乙基砜的合成改进及表征

用环氧乙烷代替氯乙醇与间硝基苯亚磺酸钠缩合，得间硝基苯基－β－羟乙基砜，收率９０％以上，而氯乙醇法为８２％。产品纯度也较氯乙醇法高。纯品间硝基苯基－β－羟乙基砜为白色固体，熔点７７～７８℃。用ＩＲ、１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ和１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ对纯品进行了表征     

N－乙基－N－（β－羟乙基）间甲苯胺生产新工艺

介绍用高浓度氯乙醇，在温和的反应条件下生产Ｎ－乙基－Ｎ－（β－羟乙基）间甲苯胺的新工艺，会降低生产成本，提高经济效益。     

三相相转移催化剂催化合成N─乙基间甲苯胺的研究

采用三相相转移催化剂（四丁基溴化铵－聚苯乙烯树脂），由间甲苯胺和溴乙烷合成了N－乙基间甲苯胺，探讨了反应条件对产物收率的影响，在催化剂用量55％，间甲苯胺与溴乙烷摩尔比为1：1．6及反应时间6h的优化工艺条件下，N－乙基间甲苯胺的收率达到93．6％。     

中压液相法催化合成N－乙基间甲苯胺新技术

中压液相法催化合成Ｎ－乙基间甲苯胺新技术Ｎ—乙基间甲苯胺是种重要的有机中间体，广泛应用于染料等工业的有机合成。国内已有多家企业生产此产品。目前，国内、国际市场都比较走俏。国内产家的生产路线多采用三氯化磷与无水酒精反应生成亚磷酸三乙酯，继与间甲苯胺进行...     

N,N—乙基苄基苯胺合成研究

以苯胺为原料,先用乙醇作烷基化试剂合成Ｎ－乙基苯胺,研究了反应的影响因素,烷基化反应在２２０℃,物料配比为１：２,反应时间３０小时,其主要产品收率可达９０％以上,纯度可达９７．３％,进而再用苄氯作为苄基化试剂合成Ｎ,Ｎ－乙基苄基苯胺,奠基反应的影响因素,苄基化反应在６０－８０℃,物料配比为１：１,反应时间１５小时能获得最佳反应结果,主产品收率可达９０％以上,纯度可达９９％,是迄今较理想的合成路线     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.