测定维生素C的提取剂的研究

发现了一种新的Ｖｃ提取剂（２％草酸＋１％盐酸溶液），并与２％Ｈ＿３ＰＯ＿３溶液、２％Ｈ＿２Ｃ＿２Ｏ＿４溶液，１０％三氯乙酸溶液及３％Ｈ＿３ＰＯ＿３＋８％ＨＡＣ溶液作了比较。这种提取剂在Ｖｃ含量测定中将有很好的前景。     

Na_2SO_4、NaCl含量对皮革返盐霜的影响

本文介绍了采用浸水试验将皮革分为返盐霜、微返盐霜、轻微返盐霜和不返盐霜四组，并采用容量法对各组皮革中ＮａＣｌ、Ｎａ２ＳＯ４的含量进行了测定，从而发现Ｎａ２ＳＯ４含量及Ｎａ２ＳＯ４＋ＮａＣｌ含量与皮革返盐霜之间的关系。     

烟草中总氮的测定

研究了克达尔法测定烟草中总氮含量时ＨｇＯ和ＣｕＳＯ＿４两种催化剂的催化效果。结果表明，ＨｇＯ催化回收率为１００．００％，ＣｕＳＯ＿４催化回收率为９５．８５％；同时研究了Ｈ＿３ＢＯ＿３和Ｈ＿２ＳＯ＿４两种氨吸收液对测定结果的影响，表明Ｈ＿３ＢＯ＿３吸收液可行，操作简便。     

啤酒中的CO_2

啤酒中的ＣＯ＿２孙玉庆山东省东营市啤酒厂（２５７３００）啤酒中ＣＯ＿２含量的高低直接影响啤酒的质量。据市场反映，瓶酒中的ＣＯ＿２含量在０．４５％～０．５５％为好。在工艺上可采取以下措施保证啤酒中的ＣＯ＿２含量。①贮酒压力保持在０．０８～０．１２ＭＰａ...     

计算机辅助水盐体系相图应用的技术研究与实践

本文对计算机辅助水盐体系相图应用的技术进行了研究，提出了计算机处理相平衡信息、进行水盐体系相平衡分析与计算的基本方法，建立了ＮａＣｌ－Ｎａ＿２ＳＯ＿４－Ｈ＿２Ｏ三元体系相图的辅助分析系统，并在盐硝联产工艺过程的计算机模拟中得到较好应用     

减少次氯酸盐漂白产生有害物质的研究

对蔗渣硫酸盐浆次氯酸盐漂白时如何减少有机结合氯和三氯甲烷的含量进行了研究，结果表明：在次氯酸盐漂白时加入Ｈ２Ｏ２并加入催化剂和用光照，能有效地减少废液中ＣＨＣｌ３的含量，纸浆和废液中有机结合氯的含量亦有所减少。通过Ｈ２Ｏ２ＣＨＣｌ３反应产物的气相色谱和电子自旋共振分析，以及氯苯酚类化合物与Ｈ２Ｏ２反应所发生的光致降解实验的结果，阐明了在次氯酸盐漂白时加入Ｈ２Ｏ２能减少ＣＨＣｌ３和有机结合氯含量的机     

D－饱和实验设计优化脱氧剂配方 Ⅰ．铁系脱氧剂的研究

脱氧剂是能够消除包装系统内游离氧的化学物质，它已广泛应用于食品、医药等领域。本文报道了水分依存型铁系脱氧剂研究。通过Ｄ－饱和实验设计筛选出的最优配方是，Ｆｅ∶ＮａＣｌ∶Ｃ∶ＣａＣｌ＿２（Ｗ／Ｗ）＝１∶０．９０６１∶１∶０．２，最大脱氧量为２３４．８４ｍｌ．Ｏ＿２／ｇ．Ｆｅ；建立了氧气测定的气相分析方法；一系列脱氧剂实验表明，环境温度、环境湿度、脱氧剂的使用剂量等对脱氧速度有影响。     

卤水──氨法连续沉淀氢氧化镁

通过对Ｍｇ（ＯＨ）＿２晶体生长动力学的分析，采作卤水──氨法连续沉淀工艺制得了易过滤水的Ｍｇ（ＯＨ）＿２，最佳滞留时间为６０～８０ｍｉｎ，进料浓度Ｃ＿０＝１．５ｍｏｌ／ｌ。     

复杂体系(MgCl_2、MgSO_4、CaSO_4、NaCl和KCl)中MgCl_2含量的快速测定

根据复杂体系（ＭｇＣｌ２、ＭｇＳＯ４、ＣａＳＯ４、ＮａＣｌ和ＫＣｌ）的组成情况及化学计量关系,应用方法联合自消原理,用ＥＤＴＡ络和滴定方法,对ＭｇＣｌ２含量进行快速测定。该方法快速、准确、精密度高,只需约２０ｍｉｎ便可得出ＭｇＣｌ２含量。     

CO_2传感器的研究

采用ＮＡＳＩＣＯＮ（Ｎａ离子导体）与ＢａＣＯ＿３－Ｌｉ＿２ＣＯ＿３电极相结合的方式，使新型ＣＯ＿２传感器得到发展，据观察，其响应时间以及抗水湿性能都有了提高。对ＣＯ＿２浓度在１００～５×１０￣５ｐｐｍ这样宽的范围内，５００℃时测得的电动势与能斯特方程符合得很好。该元件几乎不受共存的Ｈ＿２Ｓ１００ｐｐｍ，ＮＯ＿２１００ｐｐｍ，ＣＯ１００ｐｐｍ，ＳＯ＿２１００ｐｐｍ，Ｃ＿２Ｈ＿５ＯＨ１００ｐｐｍ，ＣＨ＿４５０００ｐｐｍ以及ＮＨ＿３２０００ｐｐｍ的影响。电极材料在２０℃高湿状态下保持８００ｈ以上，其状态仍然没有大的变化．     

竹造纸污泥润湿性和结晶度的研究

选取竹造纸污泥纤维为研究对象,采用Sigma700高性能表面张力/接触角仪和X射线衍射仪,测定竹污泥纤维与水的接触角和相对结晶度。结果表明：1）与木质纤维材料相比,竹污泥纤维与水的接触角较小,表明这类材料具有较好的浸润性;2）与原竹纤维相比,竹污泥纤维的相对结晶度较大,说明竹污泥中的纤维仍然具有较高的强度。     

竹造纸污泥润湿性和结晶度的研究

选取竹造纸污泥纤维为研究对象,采用Sigma700高性能表面张力/接触角仪和X射线衍射仪,测定竹污泥纤维与水的接触角和相对结晶度。结果表明:1)与木质纤维材料相比,竹污泥纤维与水的接触角较小,表明这类材料具有较好的浸润性;2)与原竹纤维相比,竹污泥纤维的相对结晶度较大,说明竹污泥中的纤维仍然具有较高的强度。     

制革污泥及施含铬污泥土壤中铬含量测定方法的研究

对浓H     

高效内循环生物反应器处理脱墨废水动力学特性初步研究

研究了脱墨废水用高效内循环生物反应器处理时的生物降解和生物增长动力学特征,求出了脱墨废水经两种不同预处理后的降解动力学方程及稳态条件下活性污泥的产率系数.与传统活性污泥法相比,其污泥的产率系数只有1/3～1/2.     

Vitrification of chromium electroplating sludge

This work investigated the vitrification of hazardous electroplating sludge containing 140 mg/g Cr with/without bottom ash or cullet conditioning to lower specimens' basicities to 0.97-1.17 or 0.18-0.23, respectively. The conditioning was found to enhance the smooth/glassy appearance of slags but no ingot was obtained. Cr was >98% retained in the vitrified slags. Cr2O3 dominated in crystalline structure for the slag vitrified from the sludge, but this domination gradually shifted to Fe2SiO4/Fe3O4/SiO2 or SiO2 crystalline with increasing addition of bottom ash or cullet into the sludge, respectively. Compared to the raw sludge, the sludge-vitrified slag displayed lower leaching concentrations for most metals (particularly Cr (2.54 mg/L)), and smaller leaching ratios for Ag, Cr, and Cu (1.35, 0.02, and <0.01%, respectively) but greater ones for Cd, Pb, and Zn (3.83, 2.46, and 0.36%, respectively). The Cr leaching ratios were approximately 0.01% for the slags vitrified from the conditioned sludge. Independent of the slag basicity and crystalline structure, metal leaching quantity increased but leaching ratio decreased with increasing slag metal content. The slag compressive strengths were improved to >14.7 MPa at the mixing ratios > or = 2/1 and 1/1 for bottom ash/sludge and cullet/sludge, respectively. Fulfilling the criteria of Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), all the slags were recyclable.     

催化剂对造纸污泥热解特性的影响

研究了Na2CO3、Na2SO4、NaCl、K2CO3、K2SO4、KCl 6种化合物对造纸污泥热解的催化作用,利用热天平分别将其按一定比例与污泥混合后进行热重实验,对加入催化剂的污泥与空白污泥的DTG曲线进行了分析比较,探讨了催化剂的种类、用量等因素对污泥热解特性的影响。研究结果表明：钠化合物的催化作用大小依次为Na2CO3〉Na2SO4〉NaCl,而钾化合物的催化作用依次为K2CO3〉K2SO4〉KCl,两类化合物中碳酸盐的催化作用显著;6种催化剂均使污泥热解反应向低温区移动,其中碳酸盐最显著,且最大失重速率最大;催化剂用量5%（以催化剂中Na或K元素对污泥质量分数计）时为理想用量。     

Enhanced biohydrogen production from sewage sludge with alkaline pretreatment

Batch tests were carried out to analyze influences of the alkaline pretreatment and initial pH value on biohydrogen production from sewage sludge. Experimental results of the impact of different initial pH on biohydrogen production showed that both the maximal hydrogen yield occurred and that no methane was detected in the tests of at the initial pH of 11.0. The final pH decreased at the initial pH of 7.0-12.5 but increased atthe initial pH of 3.0-6.0, probably due to the combination of solubilized protein from sludge and the formation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and ammonia during biohydrogen fermentation. The performance of biohydrogen production using the raw sludge and the alkaline pretreated sludge was then compared in batch fermentation tests atthe initial pH of 11.0. The hydrogen yield was increased from 9.1 mL of H2/g of dry solids (DS) of the raw sludge to 16.6 mL of H2/g of DS of the alkaline pretreated sludge. No methane and less carbon dioxide (0.8% of control) were present in the biohydrogen production from the alkaline pretreated sludge. These results clearly showed that biohydrogen production could be enhanced and maintained stable by the combination of the high initial pH and alkaline pretreatment. The mechanism of biohydrogen production from sewage sludge at high initial pH was therefore investigated because the results of this study were differentfrom previous studies of biohydrogen production. Results showed that protein was the major substrate for biohydrogen production from sewage sludge and that Eubacterium multiforme and Paenibacillus polymyxa were the dominant bacteria in biohydrogen production from alkaline pretreated sludge at an initial pH of 11.0. The combination of alkaline pretreatment and high initial pH could not only maintain a suitable pH range for the growth of dominant hydrogen-producing anaerobes but also inhibit the growth of hydrogen-consuming anaerobes. In addition, the changes in pH value, oxidation-reduction potential, VFAs and soluble COD during hydrogen fermentation were also discussed.     

Pilot-scale waste activated sludge alkaline fermentation, fermentation liquid separation, and application of fermentation liquid to improve biological nutrient removal

The use of sludge fermentative short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) as an additional carbon source of biological nutrient removal (BNR) has drawn much attention recently as it can reuse sludge organics, reduce waste activated sludge production, and improve BNR performance. Our previous laboratory study had shown that the SCFA production was significantly enhanced by controlling sludge fermentation at pH 10 with NaOH. This paper focused on a pilot-scale study of alkaline fermentation of waste activated sludge, separation of the fermentation liquid from the alkaline fermentation system, and application of the fermentation liquid to improve municipal biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal. NaOH and Ca(OH)(2) were used respectively to adjust the alkaline fermentation pH, and their effects on sludge fermentation and fermentation liquid separation were compared. The results showed that the use of Ca(OH)(2) had almost the same effect on SCFA production improvement and sludge volatile suspended solids reduction as that of NaOH, but it exhibited better sludge dewatering, lower chemical costs, and higher fermentation liquid recovery efficiency. When the fermentation liquids, adjusted with Ca(OH)(2) and NaOH respectively, were added continuously to an anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic municipal wastewater BNR system, both the nitrogen and phosphorus removals, compared with the control, were improved to the same levels. This was attributed to the increase of not only influent COD but also denitrifying phosphorus removal capability. It seems that the use of Ca(OH)(2) to control sludge fermentation at pH 10 for efficiently producing a carbon source for BNR is feasible.     

Anion leaching from refinery oily sludge and ash from incineration of oily sludge stabilized/solidified with cement. Part I. Experimental results

This paper presents the leaching behavior of anions (SO4(2-) and CrO4(2-)) from refinery oily sludge and ash produced by incineration of oily sludge, stabilized/solidified (s/s) with two types of cement, 142.5 and 1142.5. Anion leaching was examined using a 5-step sequential toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test. A single TCLP extraction resulted in limited sulfate release (<50 mg/L) for s/s ash and significant sulfate release (<850 mg/L) for s/s oily sludge. Chromate release was <1 mg/L for s/s ash and nondetectable for s/s oily sludge. The sequential TCLP tests resulted in increased leaching for both sulfate and chromate. In general,the increase of liquid-to-solid ratio (TCLP leachant-to-waste ratio) resulted in increased leaching of sulfate from solidified samples compared to untreated oily sludge, ash and cement. In contrast, chromate leaching decreased by s/s process. A qualitatively similar leaching behavior for SO4(2-), even for radically different wastes such as oily sludge and ash, solidified with two different types of cement was observed.     

GC-MS法分析脱墨污泥的化学成分

用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析造纸脱墨湿污泥与干污泥乙酸乙脂提取物的化学组成及含量.结果表明:湿污泥中主要有正十六烷酸和十八烷酸,干污泥中主要有正十六烷酸、2-甲氧基-N-[2-[1-(4-溴苯)-5-四唑基]乙烯基]-苯胺.