桦木CTMP的研究与生产

本文介绍桦木ＣＴＭＰ的开发研究结果与生产实践经验，对桦木ＣＴＭＰ的工艺技术条件，工艺控制、制浆质量和实践中的主要问题进行分析和探讨。提出在杨木ＣＴＭＰ一上生产桦木ＣＴＭＰ的可行性，并在胶印新闻纸的生产中，采用桦木ＣＴＭＰ取代了杨木ＣＴＭＰ，以满足生产要求并开辟新原料资源。     

桦木CTMP的研究与实践

本文介绍桦木的开发研究结果与生产实践经验，对桦木ＣＴＭＰ的工艺技术条件，工艺控制，制浆质量和生产实践中的主要问题进行了分析和探讨，提出了在传统的杨木ＣＴＭＰ生产线上生产桦木ＣＴＭＰ，并在胶印新闻纸的生产中，用桦木ＣＴＭＰ替代杨木ＣＴＭＰ的可行性和适用性。     

杨木CMP的制浆漂白和配抄的研究

杨木生长快，种植广、纤维素含量高，色泽浅。通过研究表明它很适合于制取ＣＭＰ。本文叙述了杨木ＣＭＰ制浆、漂白以及与其它浆料配浆造纸的研究成果。     

桦木——阔叶木和桦木——针叶木混合材利用过氧化物及连二亚硫酸钠漂白技术

单段过氧化物（Ｐ）和连二亚硫酸钠（Ｔ）与二段（ＰＴ、ＴＰ、ＰＰ）漂白工序，现在已被应用到漂白桦木－－杨木和桦木－－云杉－－香脂冷杉ＣＴＭＰ浆中，用亚硫酸盐和氢氧钠溶液渍制得的桦木－－针叶木浆相比较，其最冬白度值将会降低１０－１７ＩＳＯ单位，一段漂白使用连二亚硫酸盐，最大白度值能提高８．７ＩＳＯ单位，而使用过氧化物，白度可提高２１．６（ＩＳＯ）单位。经研究，在杨木－桦木或云杉－香脂冷杉ＣＴＭＰ制浆中     

利用蓝桉进行CTMP制浆造纸工业性试验

蓝桉ＣＴＭＰ制浆造纸工业性试验表明，浆得率可达８２．２６％，箱约板中掺配２１．５％蓝桉ＣＴＭＰ浆，出口牛皮纸中掺配１０％蓝要ＣＴＭＰ浆其各项物理指标均全部达以和超过了相应的标准规定，蓝桉ＣＴＭＰ浆用于纸和纸板的生产，不但开发利用了新的造纸资源，而且在一定程度上减轻环境污染。     

日产150吨BCTMP浆系统的试车实践

龙岩市造纸实业公司制浆车间生产１５０吨ＢＣＴＭＰ浆系统，是从加拿大引进的先进设备；于今年５月投料试生产出ＢＣＴＭＰ浆。本文主要简述了该系统的设备运行情况及工艺技术问题。     

读者来信

编辑同志 :近期查阅贵刊登载的有关化学热磨机械浆 (ＣＴＭＰ)的论文作为参考资料 ,其中包括 1 991年第 5期“第一套国产ＣＴＭＰ生产线投入运行”以及 1 995年第二期“用国产装置生产云南松ＣＴＭＰ浆”两篇文章 ,阅后觉得此类浆属于用来配抄牛皮箱纸板、瓦楞原纸等的半化学机械浆 ,不应称作ＣＴＭＰ ,而宜称作ＣＭＰ。若仔细对照ＣＭＰ与ＣＴＭＰ的生产工艺及浆料性能等 ,还是有比较明显的差别 (见下表 ) ,因此可以避免混淆。项　目 化学热磨机械浆ＣＴＭＰ (杨木 )半化学机械浆ＣＭＰ(马尾松或云南松 ) 备　注化学处理段化学用品量 / %　…     

马尾松APMP的研究

马尾松ＡＰＭＰ的研究碱性过氧化氢法制化机浆（ＡＰＭＰ）是八十年代末开发、九十年代将大力发展的新兴制浆方法。它的特点是生产漂白木浆流程简单，不需另设漂白车间，能耗和废液的ＢＯＤ５与ＣＯＤ较ＣＭＰ和ＣＴＭＰ的低。纸浆强度与ＣＭＰ和ＣＴＭＰ的相当。阔叶木Ａ...     

21世纪世界制浆造纸工业技术发展趋势（2）—机械浆技术发展方向

２１世纪世界制浆造纸工业技术发展趋势（２）──机械浆技术发展方向本刊编辑部机械浆制造技术较化学浆更早一些，其技术发展顺序为：ＳＧＷＰ→ＲＭＰ→ＴＭＰ→ＣＴＭＰ。近年来已由圆木磨石磨木浆向木片磨木浆发展，这是由于木片在磨浆前可采用汽蒸和化学药品处理而使...     

造纸工业废水的厌氧处理技术（续）：厌氧技术处理制浆造纸废水实例

３．４加拿大ＱＲＰ浆厂的ＴＭＰ和ＣＴＭＰ废水的厌氧处理加拿大ＱｕｅｓｎｅｌＲｉｖｅｒ制浆厂（ＱＲＰ）是设备先进的现代化工厂,该厂于１９８１年开始５００ｔ／ｄ的ＴＭＰ和ＣＴＭＰ浆生产。１９８３年,这两种浆的生产每两周轮换一次。该厂ＴＭＰ和ＣＴＭＰ的生产产生高浓度的、有毒的废水,同时废水浓度波动很大,浓度的上下限之间可相差３倍。ＴＭＰ的漂白采用连二硫酸盐,ＣＴＭＰ的漂白采用Ｈ２Ｏ２,典型废水特征如表８所示。该厂原有的废水处理系统包括一个初次澄清池和带有深层曝气的好氧稳定塘。但这个系统在处理ＴＭＰ废水…     

速生杨CTMP的研究

介绍了速生杨CTMP的研究结果，对速生扬的化学组成和纤维形态，以及对其CTMP制浆的工艺技术条件、成浆质量进行分析和探讨；并将速生杨与普通杨木做对比，提出了速生杨CTMP的可行性和适用性。     

高得率制浆技术的发展与应用

高得率制浆新技术的出现便于开发和利用速生阔叶材和针叶材,可作为解决纤维原料短缺的重要途径之一。文章以高得率纸浆中最有代表性的碱性过氧化氢机械浆（APMP）和磺化化学机械浆（SCMP）为例,分别对它们的制浆机理、制浆特点、制浆性质及其应用等方面进行了介绍。并把APMP和CTMP、BCTMP进行比较,得出APMP制浆工艺将制浆与漂白结合在一起同时完成,可进一步降低设备投资,减少运营成本。它汇集了CTMP、BCTMP等制浆工艺和设备的优点,是一种新型的制浆方法,能够生产出优于BCTMP的纸浆。同时,它还最大限度地发挥化学预处理和机械法制浆的优点,可以显著改善浆料的光学性能,是一种更为理想的高得率制浆方法。     

三倍体毛白杨木材特性分析及CTMP制浆

对三倍体毛白杨全材和心材的化学组成差异,CTMP制浆的影响因素,特别是化学处理过程的工艺参数对CTMP制浆的影响进行了研究。三倍体毛白杨全材的综纤维素含量高于心材,而木素和苯醇抽出物的含量低于心材。NaOH用量影响着白度、得率、筛渣、羧基和磺酸基含量、松厚度和浆料强度;Na2SO3用量主要影响白度和磺酸基含量;提高温度能够增加浆料的强度,而延长化学预处理时间可以降低浆料中纤维束（筛渣）。三倍体毛白杨CTMP在碱性过氧化氲漂白过程中具有良好的可漂性。     

Chemische Eigenschaften von TMP und CTMP, hergestellt aus Kiefernholz und UF-Harz-gebundenen mitteldichten Faserplatten (MDF)

Thermo-mechanical (TMP) and chemo-thermo-mechanical pulps (CTMP) were prepared from pine wood and from UF-bonded MDF made from pine wood. For preparing TMP pine chips as well as UF-bonded MDF were digested under pressure at 170 °C. Thereafter, the digested chips and MDF were defibrated at 170 °C using a single disc refiner. CTMP was prepared from pine wood with 0.25% NaOH (based on dry wood) under the conditions set forth above. CTMP was also made from MDF under two conditions using 0.15% sodium hydroxide (% based on dry MDF) and a mixture of sodium sulphite (1%) and sodium hydroxide (0.25%). The pulps show distinct differences in their properties: TMP from UF-bonded MDF shows lower extractive content in cold and hot water, lower pH-value and higher buffering capacity towards alkali of the cold water extractives than the CTMP counterpart. Moreover, CTMP prepared by using sodium hydroxide alone as a pulping agent increases the content of formate and acetate ions in the cold water extractives. The use of a mixture of sodium sulfite and sodium hydroxide as a pulping agent decreases, however, significantly the content of formate and acetate ions in the cold water extractives. This may be due to the buffering action of sodium sulfite. In general, CTMP decreases the formaldehyde release of the fibres, as measured by the flask method. In presence of sodium sulfite as a pulping agent for recycled MDF, the formaldehyde release is slashed to almost 30% of its original value. The formaldehyde release of CTMP from UF-bonded boards seems to be in the same range as that of TMP from virgin wood.      

Benetzung von TMP und CTMP aus Holz sowie gebrauchten mitteldichten Faserplatten (MDF)

TMP (thermo-mechanical pulps) and CTMP (chemo-thermo-mechanical pulps) were made from pine wood and recycling MDF, which has been prepared from pine wood too. The fibres were tested for their wettability using the method developed by Roffael et al (2002). The results reveal that TMP are much less wettable in comparison to CTMP from the same wood. Moreover, fibres made from UF-bonded MDF by the TMP- and CTMP-process are of much higher wettability compared to TMP and CTMP prepared directly from wood. No significant difference in the wettability between TMP and CTMP from UF-bonded MDF was detected. This behaviour has been attributed to the fact that the UF-resin in MDF degrades during thermohydrolytic pulping leading to the formation of ammonia and free urea. Therefore, pulping of UF-bonded boards takes place under chemo-thermo-mechanical conditions (CTMP).     

桉木制化机浆及用于新闻纸的研究

本文分析了蓝桉、尾叶桉的纤维特性和化学组份，研究了CTMP和APMP制浆工艺，优化出适用于新闻纸用浆的化机浆的工艺条件，为桉木的合理利用提供了可靠的技术依据。     

Über die Eignung von thermo-mechanischem (TMP) und chemo-thermomechanischem (CTMP) Holzstoff aus Buchen- und Kiefernholz für die Herstellung von mitteldichten Faserplatten (MDF)

Medium density fibreboards (MDF) were made from thermomechanical (TMP) and chemo-thermo-mechanical pulps (CTMP) derived from pine wood. As a binder a melamine reinforced urea formaldehyde resin (UF-resin) and diisocyanate polymers (PMDI) were applied. The mechanical-technical properties of the boards as well as some of their chemical properties were evaluated. The results of the investigation led to the following conclusions: MDF from CTMP showed in general higher mechanical properties (bending strength) compared to MDF from TMP. Moreover, the formaldehyde release of the CTMP-boards was lower. This may be due to the formaldehyde scavenging properties of the used pulping chemicals during the process of CTMP. MDF from CTMP showed much higher release of acetic acid compared to MDF from TMP. This is likely to higher deacetylation of the wood substance during CTMP process compared to the TMP technique.     

桉木CTMP法制浆过程中化学成分的变化

针对桉木的化学特性,用化学分析和光谱分析相结合的手段,对ＣＴＭＰ（热磨化学机械浆）制浆过程中桉木的化学组分（木素、多酚类物质、纤维素等）的含量及结构的变化进行了系统分析,结果表明：我国华南地区出产的桉木含有较多的多酚类化合物（ｋｉｎｏ）,但是大部分的多酚类化合物可以通过碱处理和热磨的协同作用来除去,成为化机浆废水的成分而排出,只有极少部分残留在纸浆中,从而避免多酚类化合物在高温下发生缩合并沉积在纤维表面而发生树脂障碍。桉木ＣＴＭＰ法制浆对于半纤维素和纤维素的影响较小,对木素的作用也主要是磺化改变其化学结构。桉木ＣＴＭＰ法制浆废液中有多酚类物质、木素和碳水化合物的降解产物等。     

Über die Eignung von thermo-mechanischem und chemo-thermo-mechanischem Holzstoff (TMP und CTMP) aus Buchen- und Kiefernholz für die Herstellung von mitteldichten Faserplatten (MDF)

Medium density fibreboards (MDF) were made from beech in laboratory and pilot plant scale from thermo-mechanical (TMP) and chemo-thermo-mechanical pulps (CTMP) using both melamine reinforced urea-formaldehyde resin (UF-resin) and diphenylmethane diisocyanate polymers (PMDI). The physicalmechanical and chemical properties of the boards were evaluated. From the results the following conclusions can be drawn:

1. Both TMP and CTMP led, on using UF-resin, to MDF with very high mechanical properties exceeding the required values in European standards.
2. Pulping temperature seems to have an influence on the mechanical properties of the boards, prepared from TMP and CTMP. Increasing the pulping temperature from 150°C to 170°C negatively affects the mechanical board properties, whereas the properties of MDF from CTMP (sulfonic group content between 0.2% and 0.3%) increases by elevating the maximum pulping temperature from 150°C to 170°C.
3. The pulping chemicals in the CTMP-process (Na₂SO₃ and/or NaOH) decrease the formaldehyde release from the boards, as they act as scavengers for formaldehyde.
4. Due to higher deacetylation degree during CTMP process, MDF made from CTMP release more than 4 times acetic acid than MDF from TMP. The release of formic acid is quite different, it is in MDF, made from TMP higher than in MDF from CTMP.
5. MDF with very high mechanical properties can also be made from beech pulps (TMP) using PMDI. PMDI in combination with a formaldehyde scavenger in the middle layer and UF-resin in the surface layer leads to boards with very low formaldehyde release.

     

桉木杨木混合木片CTMP制浆

讨论相同和不同的浸渍条件、磨浆工艺、原料组成、磨浆能耗条件下的混合木片磨浆。结果表明,桉木、杨木混合木片CTMP制浆过程中,随着原料中桉木比例的增加,成浆白度和抗张指数显著下降,浆张松厚度则略有升高,达到相近的游离度时磨浆能耗有所降低。而混合木片CTMP制浆过程中,随着浸渍药液中烧碱用量的增加,达相近的游离度时磨浆能耗明显降低,成浆白度和松厚度下降,纤维束含量略有增加,浆张抗张指数、撕裂指数和耐破指数则有不同程度的提高。