8090铝锂合金薄板的应力腐蚀行为

采用慢应变速率试验法(SSRT)就应变速率、极化电位及时效条件的影响等研究了8090铝锂合金薄板在3.5％氯化钠溶中的应力腐蚀行为。其应力腐蚀敏感性随应变速率和极化电位而变化,且存在一个最敏感的应变速率(1×10~(-6)s~(-1))和一个发生应力腐蚀的临界电位(—800 mV,SCE)。8090合金薄板在欠时数状态下对应力腐蚀最敏感,峰时效状态下次之。而过时数状态下则不敏感。根据实验结果和断口形貌特征,认为8090合金薄板的应力腐蚀为阳极活性通道机制,但在强烈渗氢情况下,氢可能成为应力腐蚀的主导因素。     

阴极极化对7050铝合金应力腐蚀行为的影响

采用阴极极化、慢应变速率拉伸试验(SSRT)和定氢仪研究阴极极化对7050铝合金应力腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明:当阴极极化电位高于-1100 mV时,7050铝合金的应力腐蚀敏感性(Iscc)随着极化电位的负移而升高;而当阴极极化电位低于-1100 mV时,Iscc则随着极化电位的负移而下降。外加极化电位对不同时效状态7050铝合金Iscc的影响程度不同,即阴极极化对欠时效状态下铝合金的Iscc影响显著,对过时效状态铝合金Iscc的影响最小,对峰时效状态下铝合金Iscc的影响居中。铝合金的应力腐蚀机理为阳极溶解和氢脆共同作用,且氢对铝合金应力腐蚀的作用随着氢浓度的增加而增加。     

X80管线钢在近中性pH溶液中腐蚀行为研究

目的研究X80管线钢在近中性p H溶液中的腐蚀与应力腐蚀裂纹萌生行为。方法采用电化学实验和浸泡实验研究X80管线钢在近中性p H溶液中的腐蚀行为,采用慢应变速率拉伸实验研究X80管线钢在近中性p H溶液中,在自腐蚀电位和外加电位下的应力腐蚀裂纹萌生行为。结果 X80管线钢在近中性p H溶液中的极化曲线只有活化区,没有钝化区,其自腐蚀电位约为-750 m V,浸泡195天后,试样表面没有氧化膜出现,但是观察到点蚀坑。在自腐蚀电位下,X80管线钢试验表面有大量的应力腐蚀裂纹;在-500 m V阳极外加电位下,X80管线钢试验表面几乎没有观察到应力腐蚀裂纹;在-850 m V阴极外加电位下,X80管线钢试验表面的应力腐蚀裂纹很少,但是随着外加阴极电位负移到-1300 m V时,X80管线钢试验表面的应力腐蚀裂纹增多。结论 X80管线钢在近中性p H溶液中发生均匀腐蚀,但是夹杂物剥落能在X80管线钢表面形成点蚀坑。在近中性p H溶液中,在自腐蚀电位下,X80管线钢应力腐蚀裂纹萌生敏感性最强;外加阴极电位抑制应力腐蚀裂纹萌生,但是随着外加阴极电位的负移,应力腐蚀裂纹萌生敏感性增强;外加阳极电位下,由于均匀腐蚀的作用,应力腐蚀裂纹萌生敏感性较弱。     

Al—Zn—Mg—Mn—Sc—Zr合金腐蚀性能的研究

本文主要分析时效温度和时效时间对合金组织和性能的影响；通过研究不同时效条件下电极化曲线图特征，研究了自然时效、峰时效、欠时效、过时效态的Al-Zn-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr合金的腐蚀形貌及合金的晶间腐蚀敏感性和剥蚀敏感性，分析了合金腐蚀敏感性差异的原因，研究表明，随着时效时间的延长，Al—Zn—Mg—Mn—Sc—Zr合金内部显微组织发生变化，合金晶间腐蚀性能随组织变化，合金的晶间腐蚀敏感性的顺序为：自然时效〉欠时效〉峰时效〉过时效。Al—Zn—Mg-Mn—Sc—Zr合金的剥蚀敏感性与其晶间腐蚀敏感性基本一致，随时效时间的延长，剥蚀性能逐渐提高。极化曲线表明：随时效时间的延长，该合金的腐蚀倾向减小，抗腐蚀性能逐渐提高；峰时效态与过时效态合金的腐蚀敏感性差异不大，但欠时效态合金抗腐蚀性能明显比自然时效态合金有所提高。     

CO_3~(2-)-HCO_3~-溶液中X80管线钢焊接接头的应力腐蚀开裂分析

采用慢应变速率试验(SSRT)、扫描电镜(SEM)观察研究了国产X80管线钢焊接接头在0.5mol/LNa2CO3 1mol/LNaHCO3溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)敏感性。结果表明,拉伸试样全部断裂在焊缝或热影响区。在所研究的电位区间,拉伸试样随着外加电位正向增加,断面收缩率、断裂时间和断后伸长率增加,而断口部位的裂纹平均扩展速率减小,SCC敏感性降低。试样断口形貌在阴极电位条件下呈准解理断裂,在自腐蚀电位和阳极电位条件下,焊缝试样断口主要是韧性断裂。应力腐蚀机理可以用阳极溶解理论和氢致破裂来解释。     

HOT SALT STRESS CORROSION CRACKING OF TITANIUM ALLOY Ti-6A1-4V

在实验室条件下研究了Ti-6Al-4V合金热盐应力腐蚀。实验表明在300—420℃温度范围内静态热盐应力腐蚀临界应力低于同温度的蠕变强度。实验还表明,经热盐应力暴露后试样的塑性对形变速度很敏感。用离子探针分析断口微区氢浓度的结果表明,氢在试样表面和断口处有明显的富集,因而可以认为钛合金热盐应力腐蚀的脆化是通过盐对试样的腐蚀而生成的氢所引起的。     

CO32--HCO3-溶液中X80管线钢焊接接头的应力腐蚀开裂分析

采用慢应变速率试验(SSRT)、扫描电镜(SEM)观察研究了国产X80管线钢焊接接头在 0.5 mol/L Na2CO3 1 mol/L NaHCO3 溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)敏感性.结果表明,拉伸试样全部断裂在焊缝或热影响区.在所研究的电位区间,拉伸试样随着外加电位正向增加,断面收缩率、断裂时间和断后伸长率增加,而断口部位的裂纹平均扩展速率减小,SCC敏感性降低.试样断口形貌在阴极电位条件下呈准解理断裂,在自腐蚀电位和阳极电位条件下,焊缝试样断口主要是韧性断裂.应力腐蚀机理可以用阳极溶解理论和氢致破裂来解释.     

Ti-6Al-4V合金的热盐应力腐蚀

在实验室条件下研究了Ti-6Al-4V合金热盐应力腐蚀。实验表明在300—420℃温度范围内静态热盐应力腐蚀临界应力低于同温度的蠕变强度。实验还表明,经热盐应力暴露后试样的塑性对形变速度很敏感。用离子探针分析断口微区氢浓度的结果表明,氢在试样表面和断口处有明显的富集,因而可以认为钛合金热盐应力腐蚀的脆化是通过盐对试样的腐蚀而生成的氢所引起的。     

7050铝合金氢致附加应力与氢脆

采用流变应力差值法,研究不同时效状态7050铝合金在不同充氢电流密度下的氢致附加应力(σad)以及合金的氢脆特性。结果表明:在同一时效状态下,氢致附加应力随氢浓度的增加而线性升高;同时,合金氢脆敏感性(IHE)也随着氢浓度的升高而升高,表明合金氢脆敏感性与氢致附加应力有很强的相关性。在同一充氢电流密度下,时效状态对氢致附加应力和氢脆敏感性影响很大,其中欠时效合金的σad和IHE最高,过时效合金的最低,峰时效合金的居中。     

紧固件用GH4080A合金的应力腐蚀机制

采用慢应变速率拉伸实验研究了pH值、SO4^2-、Cl^-对GH4080A合金应力腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明:pH值越低,GH4080A合金的抗应力腐蚀性能越差;合金对中性条件下的Cl^-应力腐蚀敏感性不明显,但pH<7时,合金对Cl^-存在应力腐蚀敏感性,而且对HCl具有明显的应力腐蚀敏感性,主要源于H^+和Cl^-对应力腐蚀的协同作用;常温下GH4080A对含SO4^2-离子的介质不敏感。进一步的外加电位应力腐蚀实验表明,GH4080A合金应力腐蚀断裂机理为氢致开裂型,断口特征表现为沿晶脆性断裂。     

BEHAVIOUR AND MECHANISM OF STRESS CORROSION CRACKING FOR Al-Li-Cu-Mg ALLOY

Studies were made of the influence of aging conditions and applied potentials on thestress corrosion carcking(SCC)susceptibility for an Al-Li-Cu-Mg alloy by slow strainrate technique.The relationship between the relative hydrogen content on specimensurface,the applied potentials and elapsed time has also been examined.The SCCsusceptibility was found to be dependent on aging conditions in which the peak agedcondition gave the worst SCC resistance and the natural aged condition had the best one.The SCC susceptibility and surface hydrogen content relates to the applied potentials.The anodic potentials increase SCC susceptibility,while the cathodic ones below thecritical potential accelerate SCC.It is considered that both the anodic dissolution and     

Stress corrosion cracking study of microalloyed pipeline steels in dilute NaHCO3 solutions

Studies were carried out to evaluate the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of a X-70 microalloyed pipeline steel, with different microstructures by using the slow strain rate testing (SSRT) technique at 50 °C, in NaHCO₃ solutions. Both anodic and cathodic potentials were applied. Additionally, experiments using the SSRT technique but with pre-charged hydrogen samples and potentiodynamic polarization curves at different sweep rates were also carried out to elucidate hydrogen effects. The results showed that the different microstructures in conjunction with the anodic applied potentials shift the cracking susceptibility of the steel. In diluted NaHCO₃ solutions cathodic potentials close to their rest potential values decreased the SCC susceptibility regardless the microstructure, whereas higher cathodic potentials promote SCC in all steel conditions. Certain microstructures are more susceptible to present anodic dissolution corrosion mechanism. Meanwhile concentrated solution did not promotes brittle fracture.     

外加电位对X70管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中应力腐蚀开裂敏感性的影响

采用慢应变速率拉仲试验(SSRT)研究了不同外加电位下X70管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为,并用扫描电镜分析了不同电位下的断面形貌.结果表明,X70管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中具有SCC敏感性;在Ecorr附近施加弱极化时,应力腐蚀开裂敏感性增加;施加强阳极电位时,发生强烈阳极溶解,导致阳极溶解断裂;施加强阴极电位时,析氢过程加强,导致氢致应力腐蚀断裂.     

Stress corrosion cracking behavior of X70 pipe steel in an acidic soil environment

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of X70 pipe steel was investigated in an extracted acidic soil solution by slow strain rate test (SSRT), potentiodynamic polarization curve measurements and surface analysis technique. The SCC process and mechanism of X70 steel in the acidic soil solution is mixed-controlled by both anodic dissolution and the hydrogen involvement. With the different applied potentials, the dominance of SCC process changes. At a relatively less negative potential, the steel SCC is based primarily on the anodic dissolution mechanism. When the applied potential is shifted negatively, hydrogen is involved in the cracking process, resulting in a transgranular cracking mode. With the further negative shift of applied potential, the SCC of the steel follows completely a hydrogen-based mechanism, with a river-bed shaped brittle feature of the fracture surface. Heat treatment alters the microstructure of the steel, resulting in a change of SCC susceptibility. In particular, the quenched steel with a bainite microstructure has a high susceptibility to SCC in the acidic soil, while the as-received steel with a ferrite matrix have a low SCC susceptibility.     

Effects of testing variables on stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of Al 2024-T351

In the present study, the effects of testing variables on stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of Al 2024-T351 in 3.5% NaCl solution were examined using slow strain rate test (SSRT) method with controlled applied potentials and a constant load test (CLT) method. The SSRTs were conducted at various strain rates and applied potential, while the CLTs were performed with different exposure time, with different grain directions of ST (short-transverse) and L (longitudinal) to understand how the testing parameters affected on the SCC susceptibility of Al 2024-T351. The percent reductions in tensile elongation in an SCC-causing environment over those in air tended to express the SCC susceptibility of Al 2024-T351 most properly for both SSRT and CLT. The present fractographic examination suggested that both anodic dissolution and hydrogen embrittlement played a role in the SCC process of Al 2024-T351 in 3.5% NaCl solution at both anodic and cathodic applied potentials, and the contribution of each mechanism could vary with different testing variables. It was also found that the SCC susceptibility of Al 2024-T351 obtained from the CLT result could provide the similar SCC evaluation result obtained by SSRT with a proper selection of testing variables. The metallurgical aspect of SCC behaviour of Al 2024-T351 was also discussed based on the microstructural and fractographic examinations.     

Strain Aging of X100 Steel in Service and the Enhanced Susceptibility of Pipelines to Stress Corrosion Cracking

In this study, experimental tests were performed to investigate the strain aging behavior of X100 pipeline steel in service and the resulting enhancement of susceptibility of pipelines to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Results demonstrated that an immediate rise in temperature during coating application could result in strain aging of X100 steel, as indicated by increasing strength and decreasing elongation as well as the presence of Lüders strain during yielding. The aged steel is associated with an enhanced cracking susceptibility under cathodic protection potentials. It is believed that strain aging is able to enhance hydrogen evolution and the further permeation into steel, resulting in hydrogen-induced SCC of the steel.     

X70管线钢在近中性及高pH值溶液中的电化学行为和SCC敏感性

采用动电位极化曲线测试法研究了温度、通气条件和pH值对X70管线钢在NS4溶液和0.5 mol/LNa2CO3 1 mol/L NaHCO3溶液中的电化学极化行为的影响,并用慢应变速率试验(SSRT)研究了X70管线钢在这些溶液中的应力腐蚀破裂(SCC)敏感性。结果表明,X70管线钢在NS4溶液中不出现活化—钝化转变区,随外加电位负移,SCC敏感性增加,表现出氢致破裂(HIC)的特征;在0.5 mol/L Na2CO3 1 mol/L NaHCO3高pH值溶液中出现活化—钝化转变区,在阴极极化区,也表现出氢致破裂(HIC)的特征,但在阳极极化区,发生的是阳极溶解型应力腐蚀破裂(ADSCC)。     

Effect of Travel Speed on the Stress Corrosion Behavior of Friction Stir Welded 2024-T4 Aluminum Alloy

The effect of travel speed on stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of friction stir welded 2024-T4 aluminum alloy was investigated by slow strain rate tensile test. Microstructure and microhardness of the welded joint were studied. The results showed that the size of second phase particles increased with increasing travel speed, and the distribution of second phase particles was much more homogeneous at lower travel speed. The minimum microhardness was located at the boundary of nugget zone and thermomechanically affected zone. In addition, the SCC susceptibility of the friction stir welded joint increased with the increase of travel speed, owing to the size and distribution of second phase particles in the welds. The anodic applied potentials of ?700, ?650, ?600 mV, and cathodic applied potential of ?1200 mV facilitated SCC while the cathodic applied potential of ?1000 mV improved the SCC resistance. The SCC behavior was mainly controlled by the metal anodic dissolution at the open circuit potential, and hydrogen accelerated metal embrittlement.     

氢对LC4高强铝合金应力腐蚀断裂的影响

采用慢应变速率拉伸试验研究了氢在LC4高强铝合金应力腐蚀断裂过程中的作用。结果表明，LC4合金在干燥空气中不发生应力腐蚀断裂，而在潮温空气中发生应力腐蚀断裂，在潮湿空气和阳极极化条件下，铝合金的应力腐蚀断裂机理是以阳极溶解为主，氢几乎不起作用，在预渗氢或阴极极化条件下，氢脆起主要作用，预渗氢时间延长可加速LC4合金的应力腐蚀断裂。     

Two distinct fracture modes of copper alloys in fluoride environments

The susceptibility of aluminum brass and aluminum bronze to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) was evaluated in fluoride environments by means of the slow strain rate technique. The effects of fluoride concentration and applied electrochemical potential on the SCC susceptibility were investigated. The SCC mechanism of aluminum brass was found to be dependent upon the de-alloying phenomenon while that of aluminum bronze on the film-rupture mechanism occurring within a certain range of applied electrochemical potentials. For aluminum brass, both the stress ratio and the time-to-fracture ratio were closely related to the logarithmic concentration of F⁻ ions. The fracture modes were ductile dimpled tearing fracture for the aluminum brass at the corrosion potential while intergranular for the aluminum bronze at various anodic potentials. The micro-galvanic effects of the constituent elements were used to estimate the anodic equilibrium potentials of the two alloys.