基于广义相位平滑的矢量阵列波达方向估计

研究如何利用信号的非圆性提高声矢量阵列信号波达方向(Directon of arrival,DOA)估计的精度.提出通过广义相位平滑预处理提高多重信号分类(Multiple signal classification,MUSIC)DOA估计方法特征子空间对数据协方差矩阵扰动的鲁棒性.该法适用于任意中心对称声矢量阵列,且无需子阵划分,不存在孔径损失,并可完成两个多径信号的解相干.仿真结果表明,广义相位平滑处理可明显改善恶劣条件下(低信噪比,小快拍教)基于MUSIC的非圆信号DOA估计精度.     

Joint multiple parameters estimation for coherent chirp signals using vector sensor array

In this paper, an algorithm is proposed to estimate starting frequency （SF）, chirp rate （CR）, 2-D direction-of-arrivals （DOA） and polarization of coherent chirp signals with vector sensor arrays. The fractional Fourier transformation （FRFT） is used to estimate SF and CR of chirp signals in this method. And a new correlation matrix is reconstructed to suppress the noise. The property of the vector sensor array is employed to solve the problem of insufficient rank from signal coherence. The L-shaped uniform array of expend aperture is used to improve the precision of es- timation, and the method of solving the ambiguity of angle under the condition of coherent signals is presented. The performance of this algorithm is compared with that of spatial smoothing method to verify the efficacy of this approach.     

一种L型阵列的相干分步降维DOA估计方法*

针对相干信号二维波达方向(Direction Of Arrival,DOA)估计运算复杂度高的问题,本文提出了一种基于前后向空间平滑的分步降维MUSIC算法。该算法首先通过前后向空间平滑技术去相干,然后通过一维空间谱搜索得到一维入射角,最后通过最小二乘法得到二维入射角,进而得到相干信号的DOA。仿真实验表明该方法可以实现对相干信号的二维DOA估计,且具有较好的DOA估计性能,同时降低了运算复杂度。     

基于混合型MUSIC算法对相干信源DOA估计

在实际通信环境中,由于传播环境的复杂性使空间中存在大量的相干信号,从而导致信源协方差矩阵的秩亏缺。为使得矩阵的秩恢复到等于信号源数并解决相干信源波达方向（direction of arrival ,DOA）估计问题,提出了一种混合型MUSIC算法。该算法通过前后向空间平滑技术对天线阵列进行预处理,并将得到的新协方差矢量矩阵应用于改进的IMUSIC算法进行信号数据处理分析,得到相干信号的DOA角度估计。仿真结果表明,在信噪比低的情况下,信号间隔很小且存在相关信号时,混合型MUSIC算法能准确地估计出信源的DOA,验证了该算法的高分辨率和高性能。     

单基地MIMO雷达中相干目标的波达角和多普勒频率快速联合估计算法

针对单基地MIMO中相干目标的波达角（Direction-of-arrival,DOA）和多普勒频率联合估计问题,提出了一种降维-前向平滑-传播算子算法（Reduced dimension-forward spatial smoothing-propagator method,RD-FSS-PM）。该算法首先通过对接收信号进行降维变换以降低复杂度,继而利用前向平滑技术（Forward spatial smoothing,FSS）实现解相干,最后通过传播算子算法（Propagator method,PM）实现了对相干目标的波达角和多普勒频率联合估计,且无需额外配对。与传统的FSS-PM算法相比,所提算法波达角估计性能提升,多普勒频率估计性能接近而复杂度大大降低。本文同时分析了算法的理论均方误差（Mean squared error,MSE）和单基地MIMO雷达中波达角和多普勒频率联合估计问题的克拉美罗界（Cramer-Rao bound,CRB）。最后提供了详尽的仿真实验以验证算法的性能。     

基于改进块稀疏贝叶斯学习算法的波达方向估计

针对传统的基于稀疏表示的DOA估计算法单纯利用信号的空域稀疏性,导致在低信噪比时稀疏性能变差,影响信号稀疏重构效果的问题,使用分块稀疏理论对信号进行稀疏分解。随着目标增多及作战任务改变,DOA估计往往呈现目标群测向的特点,为了能够更好地利用信号的结构特征和统计特征,提出了基于空时联合的块稀疏DOA估计算法,使用块稀疏理论挖掘信号的内部结构,充分利用了信号的块内稀疏性和块间相关性,提高稀疏重构性能,进而对DOA估计效果有很大的提升。仿真实验表明,相比于经典的DOA方法,本方法有更好的估计效果。     

电磁矢量阵中基于PARALIND分解的相干DOA估计算法

将电磁矢量传感器阵列参数估计问题与平行线性相关剖面模型(Parallel profiles with linear dependencies, PARALIND)相结合,利用PARALIND分解,提出了一种线性电磁矢量阵中相干信号波达方向(Direction of arrival, DOA)估计算法。该算法能够实现对电磁矢量阵中相干信源的角度估计,同时能得到相应的相干系数矩阵,其估计过程无需谱峰搜索,对均匀线阵以及非均匀线阵都适用。该算法角度估计性能优于传统的前后向平滑借助旋转不变性进行信号参数估计(Forward backward spatial smoothing-estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques, FBSS-ESPRIT)算法和前后向平滑传播算子(Forward backward spatial smoothing-propagator method, FBSS-PM)算法,且对于角度相隔较近的相干信源,该算法也能进行有效的辨识与估计。     

基于改进加权空间平滑的凸优化协方差估计

针对相干信号受到非均匀噪声的干扰,在低信噪比环境中常规DOA估计存在估计效果较差甚至失效的情况,基于改进加权空间平滑,提出一种使用凸优化构造最优权重矩阵的方法。改进加权空间平滑算法解相干的同时构造权重矩阵,再用凸优化重构无噪声权重矩阵,将平滑过的协方差矩阵加权,并用MUSIC算法进行DOA估计。仿真结果证实,所提方法相对于空间平滑（spatial smoothing,SS）、基于特征空间MUSIC的空间平滑估计（spatial smoothing and eigen space based MUSIC,SS-ESMUSIC）以及接收信号协方差矩阵秩最小化（spatial smoothing based covariance rank minimization,SS-CRM）算法能更好地抑制非均匀噪声和解相干,且减少了低信噪比的干扰,展现出更优良的分辨力和准确性。     

Spatial smoothing based methods for direction-of-arrival estimation of coherent signals in nonuniform noise

Spatial smoothing techniques have been widely used to estimate the directions-of-arrival (DOAs) of coherent signals. However, in general these techniques are derived under the condition of uniform white noise and, therefore, their performance may be significantly deteriorated when nonuniform noise occurs. This motivates us to develop new methods for DOA estimation of coherent signals in nonuniform noise in this paper. In our methods, the noise covariance matrix is first directly or iteratively calculated from the array covariance matrix. Then, the noise component in the array covariance matrix is eliminated to achieve a noise-free array covariance matrix. By mitigating the effect of noise nonuniformity, conventional spatial smoothing techniques developed for uniform white noise can thus be employed to reconstruct a full-rank signal covariance matrix, which enables us to apply the subspace-based DOA estimation methods effectively. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.     

基于改进MUSIC算法的宽带信号DOA估计

现有的波达方向（DOA）估计算法在估计被动探测系统中的宽带信号方位时,存在DOA估计结果偏差大、运算复杂度高等问题,难以满足信号实时处理的要求。为提高多源信号DOA估计的空间分辨率,提出一种基于S变换且不需要预估信号源个数的多重信号分类改进算法。根据宽带信号的频域特征,利用S变换处理阵列接收信号,得到多分辨的时频谱矩阵,同时构建时频域的阵列信号数据模型,结合信号功率谱矩阵呈联合对角化结构的特点,设计基于S变换的子空间谱估计公式。在此基础上,通过谱峰搜索进行DOA估计,实现多源宽带信号的声源定位。仿真结果表明,在信噪比范围为-15～10 dB的条件下,该算法的估计成功率始终保持在90%以上,相比TCT、CS＿TCT、CWT＿MUSIC算法,其具有较优的估计性能,并且无需预估信号源数。     

Bounded non-linear covariance based ESPRIT method for noncircular signals in presence of impulsive noise

Among the most important approaches in the study of DOA estimation, ESPRIT-like methods have received considerable attentions and have been widely applied in practical applications. Although many of the latest approaches have considered various performance requirements, the robustness to impulsive noise warrants further investigation. Inspired by the idea of bounded non-linear covariance (BNC), a novel subspace based method for DOA estimation is proposed in this paper. Named NC-BNC-ESPRIT, this method uses the BNC matrix to create a signal subspace of extended array outputs and it can handle the DOA estimation for noncircular (NC) signals in presence of impulsive noise. Simulation experiments and theoretical analysis are provided to verify this methods' superiority over existing approaches and proof of its robustness is provided in the appendix.     

互耦效应下多组相干源的波达方位估计算法

对于实际环境中存在的多径现象和阵元间的互耦效应,提出一种互耦效应下针对相干源的波达方向估计算法。首先,通过波达方向矩阵法利用二阶矩求出互耦效应下的广义导向矢量;然后对广义导向矢量进行 子空间平滑,通过矩阵变换得到一个线性约束下的规划问题,实现相干源方位和互耦系数的级联估计。该算法只需利用二阶矩求得广义导向矢量,相比常规的四阶累积量方法,减少了计算量;本文算法在解互耦和解相干过程中都没有损失阵列孔径,极大提高了阵元利用效率。计算机仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

A coherent direction of arrival estimation method using a single pulse

This paper addresses the problem of coherent direction of arrival (DOA) estimation in monostatic multi-input multi-output (MIMO) radar using a single pulse, and links the trilinear model to derive a coherent DOA estimation method. We use the received data to construct a set of Toeplitz matrices through which a trilinear model is formed, and then the trilinear decomposition is used to attain the DOAs of sources. The proposed algorithm is effective for a single pulse. Compared to the forward backward spatial smoothing estimation method of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT), the ESPRIT-like of Han, and the ESPRIT-like of Li algorithms, our method has better angle estimation performance. Numerical simulations present the effectiveness and improvement of our approach.     

基于Krylov子空间的测向算法

提出一种基于Krylov子空间的信号波达方向估计算法,搜索信号可能入射角度,通过测试所构造的Krylov子空间与信号子空间的等价性来判断信号的DOA,算法用多级维纳滤波实现子空间分解。仿真实验表明,算法在低信噪比条件下对相邻信号有良好的谱分辨率和估计性能。     

一种实用的空间平滑ESPRIT 算法

针对移动通信环境中多径传播的信号到来方向估计问题，结合空间平滑技术，提出一种空间平滑的ESPRIT算法，并给出了多径信号数目的推定方法．仿真结果证明，与ESPRIT算法相比，所提出的算法不仅适用于独立信号源，而且适用于相关信号源，具有分辨率高、计算量小等特点。     

一种强干扰环境下的离格稀疏贝叶斯DOA估计方法

强干扰的环境下,基于传感器阵列的波达方向(Direction of arrival,DOA)估计是阵列信号处理中的重要问题。虽然对于网格点目标现有方法的DOA估计精度较高,但对于离格点目标现有方法的DOA估计性能会严重下降。本文提出一种离格情况下的DOA估计方法,首先设计一种鲁棒的正交零陷矩阵滤波法(Robust orthogonal matrix filter with nulling,ROMFN),它结合了正交零陷滤波法(Orthogonal matrix filter with nulling,OMFN)和最差性能下的鲁棒自适应波束形成,在对离格点目标达到滤波效果的同时只需设计较少的网格点。此外,新的矩阵滤波法保留了高斯白噪声的特性,避免了噪声白化的预处理过程。其次基于离格点稀疏贝叶斯推断(Off-grid sparse Bayesian inference,OGSBI)和ROMFN,形成一种强干扰下DOA估计的新方法。与现有方法相比,仿真结果表明该方法可以在不同的网格间距、不同的信噪比和干噪比下获得更高的估计精度。     

High-resolution DOA estimation based on independent noise component for correlated signal sources

In this article, a modified complex-valued FastICA algorithm is utilized to extract the specific feature of the Gaussian noise component from mixtures so that the estimated component is as independent as possible to the other non-Gaussian signal components. Once the noise basis vector is obtained, we can estimate direction of arrival by searching the array manifold for direction vectors, which are as orthogonal as possible to the estimated noise basis vector especially for highly correlated signals with closely spaced direction. Superior resolution capabilities achieved with the proposed method in comparison with the conventional multiple signal classification (MUSIC) method, the spatial smoothing MUSIC method, and the signal subspace scaled MUSIC method are shown by simulation results.     

采用单次快拍数据实现信源DOA估计

针对均匀线性阵列DOA估计中的实时性和解相干问题,提出了一种基于单次快拍数据的估计算法,通过对阵列接收的单次快拍数据进行相关处理后重构Toeplitz矩阵,并证明该矩阵的秩不受信号相干性的影响。通过特征值分解,得到对应的信号子空间和噪声子空间,结合MUSIC算法和ESPRIT算法实现了对相干和非相干信号的DOA估计。算法不损失阵列孔径,具有更好的实时性和抗噪声干扰的能力;在低信噪比条件下,仍具有较好的估计性能。最后计算机仿真结果证实了算法的有效性和可行性。     

Direction of arrival estimation with antenna arrays based on fuzzy cerebellar model articulation controller neural network

Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation has been a challenging problem in many applications such as wireless communication, radar, sonar, and navigation. However, it is difficult to improve the angle resolution and reduce the computational complexity of super‐resolution methods. To solve these problems, the DOA estimation is viewed as a mapping problem, which can be modeled using a suitable artificial neural network trained with input‐output pairs. This article presents the use of a fuzzy cerebellar model articulation controller (FCMAC) neural network for the DOA estimation under a linear antenna array. The FCMAC neural network is a special feedforward neural network based on local approximation that can be adapted to solve the multidimensional nonlinear fitting problem. A new preprocessing scheme has been used in both training and test phase. It use magnitude and phase angles instead of the real and imaginary parts of the array covariance matrix to be the input of neural network. The proposed method avoids complex matrix eigen‐decomposition, such as multiple signal classification, and offers fast computation rate. The performance of FCMAC neural network is compared with the conventional subspace methods and the radial basis function neural network in the cases of noisy environment and coherent signal. Simulation results indicate that FCMAC neural network produces up to 61% lower error, 60% higher angle resolution, and 99% lower calculation time than other three methods, which indicates the superior performance of the proposed DOA estimation method under coherent signals and different noise levels.     

基于稀疏表示和约束优化的波达方向估计方法

对于噪声环境中信号源的波达方向(DOA)估计,传统的多信号分类(MUSIC)算法只对不相干信号有效,且所需较多样本。针对此问题,将进行DOA估计的搜索范围看作冗余字典,从而待估计的DOA成为该冗余字典中的某些元素,可以由冗余字典对其进行稀疏表示;其次,利用单次快拍数据,应用二阶锥(SOC)约束优化的方法对该稀疏表示问题进行描述,并进而转化为标准的二阶锥形式,采用有效的优化工具SeDuMi来实现DOA的估计。仿真结果表明,与现有的子空间方法相比,该方法只需单拍数据即可得到较好的估计结果,且无需对信源个数有先验知识,同时适用于相干和非相干信号。