锡石浮选化学

锡石采用阴离子捕收剂易于浮选。然而，胂酸、膦酸和碘化琥珀酸是仅有的能满足生产的锡石捕收剂。这些表面活性剂在矿浆溶液和固液界面中的化学作用很复杂，这些药剂的吸附依赖于化学吸附和静电引力，这三类捕收剂能与浮选矿浆的和吸附于矿物表面的阳离子发生强烈的作用。     

混合甲苯胂酸对锡石的浮选作用机理

本文通过锡石Zeta电位的测定和对混合甲苯肿酸在锡石表面上吸附的考察,采用红外光谱、俄歇能谱和光电子能谱进行表面分析,详细地研究了混合甲苯胂酸在锡石表面上的吸附机理,认为混合甲苯胂酸在锡石表面上是以化学吸附为主,并存在静电和分子吸附的多层不均匀吸附。     

细粒锡石浮选研究

对蒙自矿冶有限责任公司白牛厂矿区铅锌浮选流程中的磁选尾矿进行了浮锡研究。以BY-9为捕收剂, P86为辅助捕收剂, BY-5和碳酸钠为脉石抑制剂, 一次浮锡可获得锡品位8.56%,回收率61.61%的锡粗精矿,锡粗精矿再浮, 锡精矿锡品位达到53.58%,作业回收率81.35%; 尾矿锡品位1.84%, 回收率18.65%。两次浮锡获得高品位锡精矿锡总回收率50.12%,尾矿锡回收率11.49%。     

攀枝花细粒钛铁矿疏水絮凝浮选工艺研究

本文介绍了疏水絮凝浮选法选别攀枝花细粒钛铁矿工艺的研究。通过药剂磷选试验、影响因素试验确定合理试验流程及药剂制度。从含ＴｉＯ２９．８４％的原矿，获得ＴｉＯ２４５．７９％，ＴｉＯ２回收率５０．５２％的钛精矿。     

低品位细粒锡石浮选试验研究

针对矿石磨矿后锡石泥化严重、重选回收率低的问题,对重选给矿-74μm粒级进行了锡石浮选试验研究,以Y-11作硫铁矿活化剂、MA作硫铁矿的捕收剂进行脱硫,碳酸钠为pH调整剂,水杨羟肟酸、氧肟酸、P86为锡石捕收剂,一次浮选可获得锡粗精矿品位1.81%、作业回收率80.86%,再用浮选柱精选可获得锡精矿品位10.41%、作业回收率为84.13%的良好指标。     

用苄基胂酸和油酸混合捕收金红石

<正> (一)前言金红石的选矿方法有重选、电选、磁选、浮选等多种选矿方法。重、磁、电等选矿方法由于其回收率低,成本高等缺点,越来越多地被浮选法所代替。用以浮选金红石的捕收剂主要有苯乙烯膦酸、苄基砷酸、羟肟酸等。笔者对河南某地泥质片岩型金红石矿进行浮选试验时发现,用单—苄基胂酸作捕收剂时对金红石的浮选效果较差,而将苄基胂酸与油酸联合使用时则出现了令人满意的情况。     

细粒锡石浮选的试验研究和工业化应用

对云南某选矿厂硫化矿系统的泥化矿进行了选矿试验研究,通过旋流器脱泥、浮选除硫、锡石浮选的工艺,从锡品位为0.380%的给矿中获得了品位和回收率分别为8.47%和43.10%的锡精矿,锡石浮选作业回收率为78.13%。工业生产试验取得了与室内试验较为接近的指标,其结果进一步证明了锡石浮选工艺处理此类细粒级锡石具有明显的优势。     

锡石浮选药剂研究进展

锡是现代工业不可或缺的关键战略金属,我国的锡矿资源十分丰富,但随着优质锡矿的消耗,锡矿资源贫、细、杂的特点越来越突出,微细颗粒、伴生组分复杂也是回收锡矿资源面临的技术难题。浮选作为回收微细粒锡石的主要方法,浮选药剂的选择至关重要。概述了常见的脂肪酸类捕收剂、胂酸类捕收剂、膦酸类捕收剂、烷基磺化琥珀酸捕收剂和羟肟酸类捕收剂的特点及作用机理,重点介绍了新型羟肟酸捕收剂在锡石浮选中的应用成果,以及捕收剂与活化剂、抑制剂在锡石浮选过程的组合使用,为锡石新药剂研发提供参考。     

锡石浮选工艺和药剂研究现状

随着锡矿资源的不断开采利用,矿石中"贫、细、杂"问题愈加突出,微细粒级锡矿和锡尾矿的回收利用成为研究重点。概述了锡石浮选技术的研究现状及进展,主要介绍了浮选工艺和药剂研究现状。在此基础上,展望了今后锡矿浮选的研究方向,内容可为锡矿浮选的新工艺和新药剂研发提供参考。     

某重选尾矿细粒锡石浮选试验研究

通过对某厂重选尾矿旋流器分级溢流开展锡石浮选试验研究,解决该厂重选尾矿细粒级锡石回收率低的问题。试验结果表明：通过预先脱硫后一粗三精两扫的浮选工艺,使用SN-2:TL-1=1:2组合捕药剂进行锡石浮选时,能获得锡粗精矿产率7.46%,品位4.63%,回收率74.96%的良好技术指标,与实际生产状况相比,作业回收率得到极大的提升。若能将旋流器溢流改用锡石浮选进行生产,能为该厂带来显著经济效益。     

柠檬酸对锡石浮选行为的影响及其作用机理分析

通过浮选试验考察了柠檬酸对水杨羟肟酸体系中锡石浮选行为的影响,并结合接触角检测、动电位检测和溶液化学计算分析了其作用机理。在7pH9范围内,以200mg/L水杨羟肟酸为捕收剂浮选,锡石回收率达到80%以上。在pH4时,柠檬酸会对锡石产生明显的抑制作用;柠檬酸用量50mg/L、pH=7条件下,锡石回收率仅为25.3%。锡石表面接触角为33°,加入水杨羟肟酸后锡石接触角升高至120°,柠檬酸的作用又使接触角下降至44°。动电位检测和溶液化学计算表明水杨羟肟酸和柠檬酸均可以化学吸附在锡石表面。柠檬酸一方面增强了锡石表面的亲水性,另一方面减少了水杨羟肟酸在锡石表面的吸附,这两方面的作用使锡石在浮选过程中受到抑制。     

某摇床尾矿中细粒锡石的回收试验

某摇床尾矿中细粒锡石一直难以回收,在矿石性质研究并借鉴相关经验的基础上,采用预先脱硫—浮锡的工艺,在充分脱除黄铁矿的基础上,以MX为捕收剂,P86为辅助捕收剂,木质素磺酸钙为脉石抑制剂,可获得锡精矿品位3.58%,回收率81.93%的指标。     

利用浮选药剂的同分异构原理发展新型锡石捕收剂

1-羟基-2-萘甲羟肟酸和2-羟基-3-萘甲羟肟酸是同分异构体。用2-羟基-3-萘甲羟肟酸为捕收剂,TBP为辅助捕收剂,浮选粒度-44μm占100%,-11μm占11 3%的锡石细泥,从含锡1 36%的给矿得到含锡37 39%,回收率91 21%的锡精矿;用它的同分异构体1-羟-2-萘甲羟肟酸浮选粒度-22μm占100%,-11μm占76 8%的锡石细泥,从含锡1 01%的给矿得到含锡18 85%,回收率92 68%的锡精矿。它们都是锡石的有效捕收剂,再次证明浮选药剂的同分异构原理是正确的。     

硝酸铅对水杨羟肟酸浮选锡石性能的影响

水杨羟肟酸是锡石浮选的常用药剂之一,能与碱土金属离子形成稳定性较小的螯合物.本文通过实验研究了硝酸铅的添加对水杨羟肟酸浮选锡石的性能影响,结果表明:硝酸铅和水杨羟肟酸预先混合再添加得到的浮选指标比顺序添加得到的浮选指标更好,且在pH值为7,硝酸铅和水杨羟肟酸的质量比为1:2.5,用量在700 g/t时,粗精矿锡石品位为3.13％,回收率为64.02％,该回收率比同等药剂用量条件下,硝酸铅和水杨羟肟酸按顺序添加提高了6个百分点.这可能是因为硝酸铅和水杨羟肟酸预先混合反应产生的金属有机配合物在浮选时表现出更强的捕收能力和选择性,从而提高了浮选指标.     

云南某含锡多金属硫化矿选锡组合捕收剂试验研究

针对云南某含锡多金属硫化矿选厂锡石浮选捕收剂的成本高、溶解性差的技术难题进行了药剂优化的选矿试验研究.工艺矿物学表明给矿含Sn 0.301％,主要含锡矿物为锡石,脉石以黑云母、绿泥石和透辉石为主,且共生致密,属于低品位、结晶小、高泥的难选锡矿.实验室选矿试验结果表明,采用YK-Sn与SN-705的组合捕收剂,浮选闭路试...     

射流乳化后浮选药剂破乳情况研究

为掌握射流乳化后浮选药剂的破乳规律,从而为确定射流乳化器在选煤工艺系统中的安装位置提供参考依据,利用自制水射流乳化器、金相显微镜和彩色图像计算机分析系统,对柴油经射流乳化后的破乳时间进行了研究。试验结果表明,柴油乳化后<20μm的油滴占其总体的97%,其平均破乳时间为42.3 s,从而得出射流乳化器的安装位置与浮选机加药点之间距离应在42 m之内的结论。     

The effects of Ca(II) and Mg(II) ions on the flotation of spodumene using NaOL

The effects of Ca(II) and Mg(II) ions on the flotation of spodumene using sodium oleate (NaOL) as the collector were investigated by micro-flotation tests, zeta-potential measurements, absorption measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. The micro-flotation results indicated that the pH value has a significant influence on the activation of spodumene minerals by Ca(II) and Mg(II) ions. Good floatability of spodumene was obtained with Ca(II) and Mg(II) ions at a pH of 12.5 and 10.0, respectively. In strongly alkaline solutions, Ca(II) and Mg(II) ions readily form hydroxy complexes (CaOH(I) and MgOH(I)) and precipitates (Ca(OH)₂ and Mg(OH)₂). FT-IR and XPS analyses revealed that the hydroxy complexes and the precipitates adsorbed onto the spodumene surface. These species contributed to the formation of oleate complexes and thus increased the amount of collector adsorption and the floatability of spodumene.     

Preparation and performance of 4-alkyl-4,4-bis(hydroxycarbamoyl) carboxylic acid for flotation separation of diaspore against aluminosilicates

The existed collector for the flotation of diasporic bauxite in China is poor in selectivity. To look for a collector with high selectivity and strong collecting capacity on the diaspore flotation, novel 4-alkyl-4,4-bis(hydroxycarbamoyl) carboxylic acids (ABHC) including 4,4-bis(hydroxycarbamoyl) dodecanoic acid (HCDA), 4,4-bis(hydroxycarbamoyl) tetradecanoic acid (HCTA), and 4,4-bis(hydroxycarbamoyl) hexadecanoic acid (HCHA) were designed and synthesized for the beneficiation of diasporic bauxite by selective flotation. The results of flotation experiments for the single minerals showed that by using these compounds as collectors, the pulp pH value has significant influence on their collecting performance as the floatability of diaspore varies sharply with its change. The appropriate pH value for the flotation of diaspore gets close to neutral condition at which diaspore presents good floatability while kaolinite and illite exhibit poor floatabilities. HCDA, HCTA, and HCHA, especially HCDA, show good selectivity for the flotation between diaspore and aluminosilicate around pH 7. A satisfactory mass ratio of Al₂O₃ to SiO₂ (A/S) and recovery of Al₂O₃ were obtained from the flotation separation of artificially mixed minerals and the flotation desilication of diasporic bauxite by using HCDA as a collector, proving that the selectivity of HCDA is better than that of the traditional collector oleate. Moreover, adsorption amount, zeta-potential, DFT calculation, XPS, and FTIR were performed to study the mechanisms. The results indicated that the adsorption of HCDA on the surface of diaspore is dominantly chemisorption in the form of three chelate rings. The oxygen atoms contained in carboxyl and hydroxycarbamoyl of the polar group have the highly negative charges and stereo conditions to form five- to eight-membered ring, resulting in the coordination of carboxyl and hydroxycarbamoyl to the metal aluminum atoms to form chelate rings. By contrast, the adsorption of HCDA on the surface of kaolinite or illite is mainly physical adsorption.     

硫酸渣与高炉灰共还原-磁选回收铁试验研究

验证了以高炉灰为还原剂时硫酸渣与高炉灰共还原-磁选回收铁工艺的可行性,考察了还原剂种类及用量、还原温度、还原时间、磨矿细度、磁场强度对还原铁指标的影响。结果表明,采用共还原-磁选工艺能够充分利用高炉灰中碳资源的还原性,实现硫酸渣与高炉灰中铁资源的回收,且不同种类高炉灰对共还原-磁选所得还原铁指标影响不同,以G4高炉灰为还原剂时还原铁中铁品位和铁回收率较好,在G4用量50%、还原温度1200 ℃、还原时间60 min、磨矿细度-74 μm粒级占47.93%、磁场强度0.10 T条件下可获得铁品位91.96%、铁回收率91.62%的直接还原铁,该工艺可为硫酸渣和高炉灰的综合利用提供参考。     

Fe(III) as an activator for the flotation of spodumene,albite, and quartz minerals

The effect of Fe(III) ions on the flotation of spodumene, albite, and quartz minerals using sodium oleate (NaOL) was investigated by micro-flotation tests, zeta-potential measurement space, pyrene fluorescence spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These minerals were difficult to float in the presence of NaOL alone. However, when Fe(III) ions were used as the activator, the flotation of the minerals improved. Zeta potential testing found the addition of Fe(III) at pH conditions <8 to reduce the negative charge on the spodumene, albite and quartz surfaces, which supports a mechanism where Fe(III) adsorbs onto these mineral surfaces, resulting in an expected increase in NaOL collector adsorption with a concomitant increase in the flotation recoveries. Subsequent pyrene fluorescence spectroscopy of these minerals in the presence of NaOL collector, with and without Fe(III) activator, showed the mineral surfaces to switch from polar to non-polar.