大小叶片扩压叶栅气动性能与流动结构实验研究

针对45°叶型转折角扩压叶栅及增加小叶片后组成的大小叶片叶栅,分别测量了其在设计工况及不同气流攻角下的叶栅气动性能,通过PIV实验获得了对应工况下的叶栅内部流动状态.结果表明：增加小叶片后,叶片压力面至吸力面的压力梯度明显降低,大叶片载荷降低;在设计工况下,叶栅气流落后角仍可参考霍威尔半经验公式进行计算,但偏离设计工况后,该公式存在较大误差;大小叶片叶栅的气流落后角仅在小气流攻角下明显减小,在其余工况下变化不大;不同气流攻角下小叶片对大叶片表面气流流动分离起到约束作用;在设计工况至大气流攻角工况变化过程中,叶栅扩压损失有所降低.     

小叶片对大转角扩压叶栅出口流场的影响

采用五孔探针分别测量了6~26°不同攻角下,大转角高扩压度叶栅及增加小叶片后叶栅的出口流场。结果表明:大小叶片叶栅中,小叶片改善了设计工况下叶栅内部流动,抑制了大叶片吸力面及端壁角区流动损失向叶栅中部的发展;在较大与较小攻角时,叶栅流动损失明显增加;大攻角时大小叶片叶栅出口中部区域速度场得到明显改善,其余工况通流能力变化不大;大小叶片叶栅在所有工况下,出口截面上气流转角整体平均约增加3~5°,表明气动负荷有一定提升。     

涡轮平面叶栅变几何试验研究

通过建立变几何平面叶栅试验台,测量了平面叶栅在不同安装角下的叶片表面静压分布、出口总压分布和出口气流角.详细分析各种气动参数随叶片安装角的变化规律,并将试验测得的叶栅各种损失随转角的变化与3种损失模型的预测结果进行了比较,结果表明:在测量的转角范围内,随着安装角的增大,叶片表面扩压断明显增加,叶栅出口气流角也会随之增大,叶栅总损失不断减小.其中,叶型损失先减小后增大,端部二次流损失和叶顶间隙损失都是减小的.     

变几何平面叶栅数值模拟

使用CFD软件NUMECA对变几何平面叶栅三维流场进行了数值模拟。分析在不同叶片安装角下,叶片表面静压系数、出口总压损失系数和出口气流角的变化规律。结果表明：在叶栅转角范围内,随着安装角的增大,沿叶型表面气流的扩压段显著增加,叶栅出口气流角也会随之增大,而叶栅总损失不断减小,其中,叶型损失先减小后增大,叶顶间隙泄漏损失和端部二次流损失都是减小的。     

向心涡轮可调导向叶栅内流动损失机理的分析

通过对向心涡轮可调导向叶栅三维流场数值模拟,分析在不同叶片安装角下,可调叶片表面静压系数和出口总压损失系数的变化规律。导叶安装角从21°增加到44°,通流面积调节范围为50%～116%设计通流面积。结果表明:叶栅开度减小时,叶片的气动负荷增加,总压损失增加。与设计工况相比,导叶关小15°总压损失增加了1倍多。叶栅端部间隙增加了导向叶栅的流动损失,间隙增加2%,损失增加1.5%,端部损失范围从20%叶高增加到40%叶高。叶栅开度减小,端部损失与叶型损失的变化较小,而间隙损失无论是数量还是占总压损失的比重都明显增加,是非设计工况下总压损失增加的主要原因。     

冲角对不同掠型压气机叶栅扩压因子的影响

对直、前掠、弯掠和后掠叶片组成的压气机叶栅进行了实验研究,结合叶栅出口能量损失分布和叶片表面静压系数的分布及叶片负荷的变化,讨论了冲角变化对不同掠型压气机叶栅扩压因子的影响以及叶栅扩压因子与叶栅能量损失和叶片负荷的相互关系。结果表明,前掠和弯掠叶栅显著改善了叶栅根部的流动．能够有效防止气流减速造成流动分离的可能;这两种叶栅轴向逆压梯度长度和叶片负荷大小的综合作用是其扩压因子在叶片两端部小于直叶栅的原因。     

吸力面抽吸位置影响大转角扩压叶栅气动性能的数值研究

本文采用经过实验校核的数值模拟方法,研究了吸气位置对大转角矩形扩压叶栅气动性能及流场结构的影响,详细对比分析了原型叶栅和三个吸气叶栅的流动情况.结果表明附面层吸除能显著降低叶型损失和尾迹掺混损失,同时还能够有效抑制角区分离,改善流场结构.     

高负荷风扇末级静叶气动特性试验研究

为了研究高负荷风扇末级静叶的气动性能,通过在静子叶栅前加装导流叶片,来模拟多级风扇中动叶出口气流参数,通过旋转导叶改变静叶进口气流角,分析不同进口气流角和进口马赫数条件下的静叶气动特性。研究表明:本研究设计的导流叶片可以为静叶提供接近动叶出口条件的来流参数,从而开展静叶试验研究。该静叶为大折转角扩压叶栅,随马赫数增加,总压恢复系数减小。随转角增大,静叶压力面流动随导叶转角增加明显改善,分离范围减小;吸力面存在较大范围的分离,转角增加对分离范围影响不大。     

变几何涡轮动叶栅流场的PIV实验研究

对某变几何涡轮在不同导叶转角工况下进行了内流场PIV实验研究,获得了动叶叶栅流道及其下游区域详细的流场及涡量场数据,并对其进行了对比分析.结果表明:导叶转角从6°转到-6°的过程中,叶轮出口截面最大速度增加约11%,叶轮流道内部最大绝对速度增加约40.6%,气流角度单调变化,叶轮输出功率在这一过程中增加了42%;但随着导叶转角的减小,下游动叶流道的流动损失有所增加.     

汽轮机调节级动叶栅大负冲角工况下的三维分离流动研究

对大功率汽轮机组提出的承担调峰任务的要求使得调节级小展弦比动叶栅非设计工况下的二次流与分离流特性受到关注。采用经试验考核的计算方法对一展弦比为0．344的动叶栅在冲角条件下的三维分离流场进行数值模拟，得到了详细的叶栅二次流与分离流的流动图谱，并给出了气流的三维分离模式。计算结果表明：在大负冲角条件下，三维分离流动显著改变了叶栅二次流结构及出口气流参数沿叶高的分布规律。叶栅出口气流在下端壁附近发生明显的欠偏转现象，同时叶栅下部的损失急剧增加，流动的总损失比设计工况增大2倍，二次流损失增大4倍。图10参5     

Matching of a DC motor to a photovoltaic generator using a step-upconverter with a current-locked loop

A photovoltaic (PV) generator is a nonlinear device having insolation-dependent volt-ampere characteristics. Because of its relatively high cost, the system designer is interested in optimum matching of the motor and its mechanical load to the PV generator so that maximum power is obtained during the entire operating period. However, since the maximum-power point varies with solar insolation, it is difficult to achieve an optimum matching that is valid for all insolation levels. In this paper it is shown that for maximum power, the generator current must be directly proportional to insolation. This remarkable property is utilized to achieve insolation-independent optimum matching. A shunt DC motor driving a centrifugal water pump is supplied from a PV generator via a step-up converter whose duty ratio is controlled using a current-locked feedback loop     

Natural convection of a non-Newtonian fluid about a horizontal cylinder and a sphere in a porous medium

The problem of natural convection of a non-Newtonian fluid about a horizontal isothermal cylinder and an isothermal sphere in the porous medium is considered. The present study is based on the boundary layer approximation and only suitable for a high Rayleigh number. Similarity solutions are obtained by using the fourth order Runge-Kutta method. The effects of the wall temperature T_W and the new power-law index n on the characteristics of heat transfer are discussed.     

Exploration of heat transfer effect in a magnetohydrodynamics flow of a micropolar fluid between a porous and a nonporous disk

An analysis is carried out for the flow characteristics of a conducting micropolar fluid. The fluid was passed in between two parallel disks of infinite radii. The novelty of the study is to consider one of the disks as porous and the other one as nonporous, and the external magnetic field is applied along the transverse direction of the flow. The flow phenomena for the polar fluid characterized by the magnetic effect in conjunction with the temperature equation reduce to a set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations using the requisite transformations and nondimensionalization. An analytical approach such as the variation parameter method is employed to tackle the system efficiently. To emphasize the effect of various physical parameters contributing to the flow phenomena, that is, non-zero tangential slip, Reynolds number, Prandtl number, magnetic parameter, and material parameter on the flow profiles of axial and radial velocities, the microrotation and temperature profiles are presented graphically. To validate the simulated results, a comparison with established results is made, and it is concluded that both are in good correlation.     

Evaporating characteristics of a microlayer under a bubble

Using the Hallinan‐Ervin model, the flow and evaporation in a bubble microlayer were theoretically analyzed, and the dryout characteristics and Staub's criterion were discussed in detail. It was revealed that the critical dryout radius is associated with the wettability of the heated surface, and that the dominant role for microlayer evaporation is disjoining pressure, not surface tension gradient. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 31(6): 456–462, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.10052     

Solidification of a liquid about a cylindrical pipe

The temperature distribution and the rate of removal of heat by a coolant are predicted for the process of solidification of a liquid about a cold, isothermal pipe. The heat balance integral method incorporating spacial sub-division is used. It is found that acceptable results can be obtained by using only a small number of sub-divisions together with a piece-wise, linear profile. Furthermore, the results illustrate that the sensitivity which is normally associated with the heat balance integral method is overcome.     

Bioconvection in a squeezing flow of a micropolar fluid in a horizontal channel

The bioconvection flow of an incompressible micropolar fluid containing microorganisms between two infinite stretchable parallel plates is considered. A mathematical model, with a fully coupled nonlinear system of equations describing the total mass, momentum, thermal energy, mass diffusion, and microorganisms is presented. The governing equations are reduced to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations with the help of suitable transformations. The resulting nonlinear ordinary differential equations are linearized using successive linearization method, and the resulting system of linear equations is solved using the Chebyshev collocation method. The detailed analysis illustrating the influences of various physical parameters, such as the micropolar coupling number, squeezing parameter, the bioconvection Schmidt number, Prandtl numbers, Lewis number, and bioconvection Peclet number on the velocity, microrotation, temperature, concentration and motile microorganism distributions, skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and density number of motile microorganism, is examined. The influence of the squeezing parameter is to increase the dimensionless velocities and temperature and to decrease the local Nusselt number and local Sherwood number. The density number of motile microorganism is decreasing with squeezing parameter, bioconvection Lewis number, bioconvection Peclet number, and bioconvection Schmidt number.     

Stability of a multi-machine system incorporating a superconductingalternator

A preliminary study on the transient behavior of a superconducting turbo-alternator in a typical multimachine system is described. The study covers the effect of conventional controllers, power-system stabilizers and phase advance networks. The open-loop response of the system is compared to the response when the superconducting alternator is replaced by its conventional counterpart     

Hydrothermal Behavior of a Ferrofluid in a Corrugated Channel in the Presence of a Magnetic Field

In this paper, results of applying a non‐uniform magnetic field on a dilute ferrofluid (water and 3% vol. Fe₃O₄) flow in a corrugated channel under a constant heat flux boundary condition have been reported. The thermal behavior of the flow is investigated numerically using a two‐phase mixture model and control volume technique. It is concluded that using a magnetic field with a negative gradient on a nanofluid flow in corrugated channels can be proposed as a suitable method to achieve higher heat transfer performance and augment the heat transfer coefficient and also reduces the wall temperature. This method can lead to the design of more compact heat exchangers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 43(1): 80–92, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj ). DOI 10.1002/htj.21060     

The limiting characteristics of a cascade photoconverter of a new type based on a homogeneous semiconductor

A homogeneous planar photoconverter (PC) of a new type based on a multi-junction n-p-p ⁺-n-p-p ⁺-...-n-p-p ⁺ semiconductor structure was proposed. This semiconductor structure is a cascade PC consisting of several exposed PCs connected in series, with the light passing through the previous semiconductor layers. A theory was worked out, and the limiting values of photoelectric and energy characteristics of high-voltage devices that convert monochromatic and solar light were developed. These values include optimum values of the thickness and the number of the PCs applied onto the base PC, spectral selectivity, voltage-current characteristics, and performance. The no-load voltage rises practically in a linear fashion when the number of cells in the cascade increases. With an optimum number of cells, the peak performance values reach their peaks and considerably exceed the performance of the base PC, especially at a low carrier collection coefficient in the base PC.