基于FPGA的位相测量轮廓术设计与实现

在介绍位相测量轮廓术原理的基础上,提出了基于FPGA的位相测量轮廓术的设计方法;由LCD投影仪、CCD摄像头、FPGA开发板(DE2)等组成硬件装置,研究PMP系统定标的数学模型,提出了直接定标的方法,得出高度和相位之间的映射关系,并且研究了相位展开算法和光栅图像的投影、采集及预处理方法,最后对三维物体的重建方法进行了讨论;该系统实现了同时控制投影和采集光栅图像,具有系统标定、图像处理和分析等多种功能。     

基于CCD图像处理的角度测量系统

文章论述了一个基于CCD图像处理的角度测量系统。它利用了光栅干涉条纹倾角、间距与光栅夹角、栅片节距之间存在特定关系的原理，使用CCD摄像机、PC机实现了一个图像采集处理系统，通过计算干涉条纹倾角和条纹间距得到两片光栅片之间的夹角，从而实现角度测量。该系统应用于轴承扭矩的测量。经实验，该系统具有工作稳定、界面友好、测量精度高(可达10^-4)等特点。该系统也可以应用到其他微小角度和距离测量的场合，如平衡校准、微量称重。     

基于TMS320DM642的三维物体表面测量系统

提出一种基于DM642的嵌入式三维物体表面测量系统.该系统应用结构光原理,使用DSP/BIOS嵌入式系统生成相应的编码条纹,控制并实现编码条纹的投影、采集图像以及相位解调和点云数据的计算.实验证明,基于DM642的嵌入式三维物体表面测量系统能很好的实现三维信息的采集及测量任务.     

基于单目CCD摄像机的三维点云数据重建研究

提出一种基于单目CCD摄像机反求系统的三维数据的获取方法熏首先对单目CCD摄像机拍摄的单幅图像进行滤波、细化等手段处理得到单像素宽度的激光条纹熏通过摄像机标定和激光投影平面标定建立激光条纹上的像素点与空间上的三维点之间一一对应的函数映射,获取物体的外轮廓信息。通过试验分析证明其可行性。     

基于空域均值法的双频三维轮廓测量

针对传统双频三维轮廓测量方法存在分辨率低、数据处理时间长等问题,提出基于空域均值的双频三维轮廓测量方法。该方法通过空域均值图像对采集到的包含物体深度信息的双频结构光图像进行处理,得到物体表面的真实深度信息,提高测量效率和测量精度。通过对物体模型的测量,证明由该方法构成的系统输入、输出满足线性关系,并且可以实现高效、高分辨率的三维物体轮廓测量。     

基于机器视觉的SMT焊膏印刷缺陷自动三维检测

在电子产品印刷电路板表面贴片安装生产中,传统的激光三角法进行焊青印刷质量三维缺陷检测存在速度慢和精度低的不足,基于光栅投影相位测量轮廓术的机器视觉三维测量方法可以提高速度和精度,结合数字光处理投影仪产生正弦投影光橱,并通过机器视觉采集的二维图像改进性能、提高速度,较好解决了相位展开、阴影区域测量等难点.仿真实验结果表明,该方案速度快、精度高且具有很好的可靠性.     

减小光栅测量系统随机误差的研究

在光栅测量系统中,为了提高光栅传感器的测量精度需要对传感器输出的莫尔条纹信号进行细分,但高斯白噪声和脉冲型噪声的存在会影响细分精度。减小噪声干扰的方法一般采用中值和平均滤波,而该方法只适用在静态测量中,对于时变的莫尔条纹信号实现困难。由多项式预测滤波器根据多个已测量的值,预测出当前的测量信号,预测的信号和实际测量信号经过中值滤波后输出,减小光栅测量系统的噪声。最后,通过应用实验验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于线阵CCD的激光干涉条纹信号处理系统

激光干涉测量系统在非接触精密测量领域占有重要地位,其中对干涉条纹的测量是激光干涉测量的核心。针对这种情况,提出利用线阵CCD将激光垂直照射在劈尖表面时所产成的干涉条纹光学图像转换成电信号并转移输出,通过视频信号预处理电路,模数转换后得到关于干涉条纹宽度的方度信号,完成了对CCD输出干涉条纹信号的处理,实现了对等间距干涉条纹的自动检测。     

基于数字投影的嵌入式三维传感系统

对传统的三维测量系统体积过大,操作复杂的缺点,提出了使用低功耗高速数字信号处理器(DSP)的嵌入式三维视觉测量系统.该系统采用了基于相位测量轮廓术原理,使用数字投影法实现结构光照明,利用定点DSP处理器和FPGA硬件电路以及多线程软件技术实现了条纹结构光编码、编码图像采集和条纹分析的流水线处理过程.通过测量实验表明,该系统可以实现快速、准确地三维轮廓测量.     

焊缝跟踪视觉传感器中图像多类型特征选择与提取

针对在焊接机器人焊缝跟踪传感器中不同类型工件焊缝接头的结构光图像特征,提出一种图像特征选择与提取方法.首先,对图像进行自适应分割,提取出激光条纹中心线.再根据三种典型焊缝接头类型:预留坡口对接类,无坡口直接对接类和左、右搭接类型焊缝的结构光图像的特点,分别选择激光条纹曲线的沟槽中心、条纹曲线的转折点和间断点作为焊缝特征点,分别进行提取.对不同类型焊缝结构光图像的处理实验结果,验证了本文方法的有效性.     

Comments on “Distinguishability quantification of fuzzy sets”

This paper presents some comments on the above paper regarding the manipulation of Gaussian fuzzy sets and provides two useful generalized formulas for both of similarity and similarity/possibility relationships of Gaussian fuzzy sets with different widths.     

Obstacle Avoidance for Redundant Manipulators Using Directional-Collidability/ Temporal-Collidability Measure

We present an efficient obstacle avoidance control algorithm for redundant manipulators using new measures called directional-collidability measure and temporal-collidability measure. Considering relative movements of manipulator links and obstacles, the directional-collidability/temporal-collidability measure is defined as the sum of inverse of predicted collision distances/times between manipulator links and obstacles. These measures are suitable for obstacle avoidance control since relative velocities between manipulator links and obstacles are as important as distances between them. Also, we present a velocity-bounded kinematic control law which allows reasonably large gain to improve the system performance. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

PCB反设计系统中的测量导航

为了大幅度提高PCB反设计过程中元件引脚间连接关系的测量效率,增强测量的完备性、准确性,本文介绍一种PCB反设计系统中的测量导航技术,重点分析测量导航的设计思想和实现方法。     

A development of possibility theory

It is proposed to use a model of experiment with two measures (of possibility and necessity) to describe fuzzy events. A theorem on the continuation of measure to a Boolean is proved. The basic dual properties of measures are considered. __________ Translated from Kibernetika i Sistemnyi Analiz, No. 6, pp. 115–123, November–December 2007.     

面向CMMI的软件度量分析过程研究与应用

为了辅助软件组织有效实施符合CMMI模型的软件度量过程,提出了一种GREDR过程框架模型,以指导软件度量的目标策划与过程实施。在实际软件项目过程中的应用结果表明：GREDR模型能够提高软件度量过程的系统性与效用。     

模糊熵、距离测度和相似性测度之间的关系

模糊熵、距离测度和相似性测度是模糊集合的三种重要度量,许多学者对三者之间的关系进行了研究。采用更为严格的定义,通过定义模糊集合之间新的运算研究了三者之间的关系,给出了三者之间的相互诱导公式。对部分公式进行了举例说明。     

不定测点温度测量装置的研制

针对不确定的温度测点,本文介绍了一种由单片机控制的集测量与变送一体化的数字温度测量装置。该温度测量装置将热电偶和温度指示仪表以及变换发送单元集成在一起,采用便携式结构。它不仅可以就地安装,用作温度测量的指示与变送单元,而且可以随身携带,用作普通温度测量仪表。本文详细介绍了其软硬件组成和工作原理。     

New hesitation-based distance and similarity measures on intuitionistic fuzzy sets and their applications

In this paper, we present new definitions on distance and similarity measures between intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) by combining with hesitation degree. First, we discuss the limitations in traditional distance and similarity measures, which are caused by the neglect of hesitation degree's influence. Even though a vector-valued similarity measure was proposed, which has two components indicating similarity and hesitation aspects, it still cannot perform well in practical applications because hesitation works only when the values of similarity measures are equal. In order to overcome the limitations, we propose new definitions on hesitation, distance and similarity measures, and research some theorems which satisfy the requirements of the proposed definitions. Meanwhile, we investigate the relationships among hesitation, distance, similarity and entropy of IFSs to verify the consistency of our work and previous research. Finally, we analyse and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed similarity measure in detail, and then we apply the proposed measures (dH and SH) to deal with pattern recognition problems, and demonstrate that they outperform state-of-the-art distance and similarity measures.     

A Review of: “THE ALGORITHMIC BEAUTY OF PLANTS” by Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz and Aristid Lindenmayer,Springer-Verlag,New York, 1990. XII+ 228 pages.

Uncertainty in Dempster-Shafer framework can be considered to consist of two components; one arising due to randomness. and the other arising due to the lack of specificity in evidence. One facet of uncertainty due to randomness is conflict in the evidence. Here we establish the need for a new measure of conflict and follow a fresh approach to achieve the same. We view the conflict between propositions as being proportional to the “distance” between them. We expect this “distance” to obey the laws of a metric. With this motivation we formulate a set of axioms that we expect a metric distance to satisfy, in order lo quantify the conflict between two propositions. Based on this we derive a unique expression for the conflict between propositions. The average of conflict between propositions gives a measure of total conflict in the body of evidence. We then prove various properties of this conflict measure     

一种新的粗糙测度

粗糙集理论是一种处理不精确、不确定与不完整数据的新型数学工具。粗糙集的度量是粗糙集理论研究的重要内容之一。提出了上粗糙测度、下粗糙测度与粗糙测度的概念,给出了它们的一些性质,为粗糙集合提供了一种新的度量方式。