地理信息系统在人口普查中的应用

系统将人口普查与地理信息系统有机地结合起来 ,能够对太原市人口普查数据进行管理和人口统计制图 ,并可对人口普查数据进行多方面分析 ,实现了数据的可视化表示。     

中国人口普查地理支撑技术研究

介绍了人口普查地理支撑工作,论述了地理信息在人口普查工作中的作用,针对目前人口普查地理信息应用的现状,指出了其在数据收集、管理和应用等方面的不足,进而提出了5种解决方案。这些方案在全国人口普查试点工作中进行了检验,并对它们进行了比较、分析和评价,归纳了各种方案的适用性,供第六次全国人口普查工作参考。     

并行数据挖掘方法在水利普查成果分析中的应用

随着第一次全国水利普查的结束,海量的水利普查数据随之产生。将云计算技术应用在水利普查数据挖掘领域,可以更加快速、高效和低成本地为水利决策提供科学、合理的支持。本文提出基于Map/Reduce的水利普查数据决策树分类挖掘方法MRC4.5算法,并将该算法应用于全国水利普查地下水取水井数据挖掘中。实验结果表明,与传统的C4.5算法相比,MRC4.5算法在处理大规模数据集时具有更高的执行效率和良好的加速比。     

An approach to linking remotely sensed data and areal census data

With the increasing availability of remotely sensed data and census data, discussing their relationship is one of the important issues in GIS data integration. This paper proposed an approach to linking three levels (macro, medium and micro) of land classifications with areal census data on hierarchical census boundaries. Specifically, a method of building the correlations between areal census dwelling data and residential densities classified by a remote sensing approach was demonstrated. First, a texture statistic (homogeneity) along with six Thematic Mapper (TM) bands (bands 1-5 and 7) was put together to classify residential density levels. The homogeneity slightly enhanced classification accuracy. Then, to test the correlations between census dwelling data and residential densities, a multiple linear regression was conducted. It was found that areal census dwelling data had higher correlations with areas of different residential densities than with the aggregated area of a whole residential area at an individual census zone level. Finally, the paper discussed that dis-aggregation of areal census data based on dwelling densities within the framework of remote sensing and GIS would be very useful for multidisciplinary studies, such as natural hazards risk assessment.     

Automating map production of the 1981 Census data for Brighton and Hove,England

In 1981 a full census was held in England and Wales. This paper describes how the census data was mapped for two adjacent urban areas in south east England, namely Brighton and Hove. The techniques used to transform nearly 3.2 million numbers relating to the 580 statistical areas used in the census for our area of study, into a coherent set of choropleth shaded maps and using a decile class system, are discussed and demonstrated.     

基于相似性搜索的水利普查数据融合

针对第一次全国水利普查数据融合存在的问题,提出自适应编辑距离相似性度量,通过调整编辑操作权重及启发式学习权重等措施,对传统的编辑距离进行改进,提高相似性搜索的准确性,并给出基于编辑距离的水利普查数据融合的方法和流程,算法的有效性在第一次全国水利普查数据处理中得到验证。     

基于Hive的水利普查数据仓库

针对水利普查数据海量、多维的特点,研究近年来在“大数据”概念下发展迅速的Hadoop与Hive,结合传统数据仓库在多维数据分析方面的成熟技术,提出基于Hive的水利普查数据仓库的构建方法,描述数据仓库系统的架构,并根据Hive的设计特点,通过分桶、消减维度表和冗余事实表的方法来改进传统的多维分析模型,最后搭建集群系统对水利普查数据集进行查询与分析测试。测试结果表明该数据仓库可以满足海量多维水利普查数据的存储与查询要求。      

On a suboptimal control of a hospital inpatient admission system

An open-loop feedback strategy is proposed for the control of the census of a hospital via the inpatient admission system. A semi-Markov population model is used to derive census forecasts. A suboptimal control is obtained by solving at each period a mixed-integer quadratic programming problem. A simulation permits a first evaluation of the proposed strategy as an admission decision rule.     

Some urban measurements from SPOT data: urban life quality indices

Abstract

This paper reviews and illustrates the use of satellite remote sensing in urban analysis. Using the example of conventional population census data used together with SPOT imagery for Strasbourg, France, it is shown that landscape quality can be characterized and mapped with a detail that is not possible using the census alone.     

An unconstrained statistical matching algorithm for combining individual and household level geo-specific census and survey data

The Population Census is an important source of statistical information in most countries that is capable of producing reliable estimates of population characteristics for small geographic areas. One limitation of a census is that there are many population characteristics that cannot be collected due to respondent burden or cost. This means that statistical agencies have to conduct population based surveys to provide social, economic and demographic characteristics for a target population which are not captured by a large-scale census. These surveys are usually capable of producing direct estimates at the national level and high level regions but often cannot produce reliable estimates for smaller areas. Due to the increasing demand for comprehensive statistical information not only at the national level but also for sub-national domains, there is a wide discussion in the literature about the use of statistical techniques that combine survey with census data to provide more detailed, finer-level estimates.Where censuses and sample surveys are based on the same reporting units, statistical matching techniques can be employed to link the records from survey and census data where exact matching of reporting units is impossible due to confidentiality restrictions. These techniques can then provide the detailed social, economic and demographic information required for small areas.An approach is developed in this paper in which a close-to-reality synthetic population of individuals and households is generated from available census tables using an iterative proportional updating (IPU) method. Statistical matching using a nearest neighbour method is then used to impute survey data to the individuals and households in the synthetic population. To evaluate this approach, 2011 Bangladesh census data is used to generate a district-specific synthetic population of individuals and households. Matching is then performed by imputing the nearest possible records among the 2011 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey to estimate the wealth index for each household within the synthetic population. The results show that using the method presented in this paper helps with achieving more representative estimates (comparing with direct survey estimates) particularly for areas with small sample sizes where not many population units with different socio-demographic characteristics are included.     

水利普查成果分析中数据立方体计算研究

n维的立方体将生成2n个聚集立方体.如何进行立方体计算,在存储空间和查询时间方面寻求平衡,成为多维分析应用中的关键问题.基于部分物化的策略,并结合水利普查数据特征,改进Minimal cubing方法,提出了层次维编码片段方法HDEF cubing.该方法利用编码长度较小的层次维编码及其前缀,快速检索出与查询关键字相匹配的层次维编码,减少了多表连接操作,从而提高查询效率.以水利普查数据为例,验证了改进的立方体计算方法能高效地对立方体进行存储和查询,适用于水利普查成果分析.     

Crowd analysis: a survey

In the year 1999 the world population reached 6 billion, doubling the previous census estimate of 1960. Recently, the United States Census Bureau issued a revised forecast for world population showing a projected growth to 9.4 billion by 2050 (US Census Bureau, http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/worldpop.html). Different research disci- plines have studied the crowd phenomenon and its dynamics from a social, psychological and computational standpoint respectively. This paper presents a survey on crowd analysis methods employed in computer vision research and discusses perspectives from other research disciplines and how they can contribute to the computer vision approach.     

概念分层在人口普查数据中的应用

介绍了数据挖掘技术及人口普查的基本概念，阐述了概念分层的相关概念及算法，并将其应用在人口普查数据中。探讨了概念分层应用于人口普查数据中的重要意义及概念分层中的若干问题。     

按信包传递最小普查图研究

普查是信息网络中结点之间的一种常见的也是重要的信息传递方式，在普查过程中，网络所有结点的信息按一定的约束条件传递到终结点。本文定义并讨论了按信包传递最小普查图ｐ－ｍｅｇ，给出了最小普查时间ｔｐ（ｎ）的公式，在讨论了最小普查图与最小广播图的关系之后，指出了识别一个图是否为最小普查图的问题是ＮＰ完全问题，而且对ｐ＝１，２，３完全解决了ｐ－ｍｅｇ的构造问题，对ｐ＝２＾ｋ给出ｎ＝ｍ．２＾ｋ时ｐ－ｍｅｇ的构     

Visualizing Demographic Trajectories with Self-Organizing Maps

In recent years, the proliferation of multi-temporal census data products and the increased capabilities of geospatial analysis and visualization techniques have encouraged longitudinal analyses of socioeconomic census data. Traditional cartographic methods for illustrating socioeconomic change tend to rely either on comparison of multiple temporal snapshots or on explicit representation of the magnitude of change occurring between different time periods. This paper proposes to add another perspective to the visualization of temporal change, by linking multi-temporal observations to a geometric configuration that is not based on geographic space, but on a spatialized representation of n-dimensional attribute space. The presented methodology aims at providing a cognitively plausible representation of changes occurring inside census areas by representing their attribute space trajectories as line features traversing a two-dimensional display space. First, the self-organizing map (SOM) method is used to transform n-dimensional data such that the resulting two-dimensional configuration can be represented with standard GIS data structures. Then, individual census observations are mapped onto the neural network and linked as temporal vertices to represent attribute space trajectories as directed graphs. This method is demonstrated for a data set containing 254 counties and 32 demographic variables. Various transformations and visual results are presented and discussed in the paper, from the visualization of individual component planes and trajectory clusters to the mapping of different attributes onto temporal trajectories.     

Later-Life Migrations in Canada in 2001: A Multilevel Approach

Canada is an aging society; with over 13% of the population 65 and over in 2008 and with this population growing at a rate more than double the overall population. Moreover, the aging of the Canada population varies geographically across the nation. Using data drawn from the 2001 Census of Canada Master files (20% sample), the objectives of this analysis are twofold. First, the analysis examines the internal migration behavior of the older population, distinguishing between the native-born and foreign-born. Second, the analysis examines how residential attributes at the census subdivision (CSD) and census metropolitan levels influence the migration decision. This analysis examines the later-life migrations of Canada’s older population at the census subdivision level in 2001.     

适合人口普查区域划分的遥感影像最佳空间分辨率研究

根据人口普查区域划分对地理信息的需求,分析总结了不同区域类型和不同人口数量等级普查区域对遥感影像的要求。对主要确定普查区域界线的地物进行了归纳,依据遥感影像最佳空间分辨率的概率模型,分析得出不同区域满足人口普查区域划分需要的遥感影像最佳空间分辨率,并通过实验区的实际应用进行了验证,作为全国人口普查普查区域划分及制图选择遥感影像空间分辨率的依据。     

面向全国经济普查需求的专家系统地理编码方法*

分析了国内外地理编码技术的研究和使用现状,结合我国经济普查项目中地理编码的实际需求,借鉴专家系统的相关概念和方法,提出了一种基于专家系统的地理编码方法。该方法充分利用行业系统中已有的中文地址与空间要素间的对应关系,挖掘与之匹配的地址特征。对于需要定位的模糊地址,该方法首先将模糊地址拆分为若干地址要素,再在要素地址特征库中进行匹配,从而实现该模糊地址的空间定位。该方法能有效地提高模糊地址的定位成功率。     

Landscape-scale characterization of cropland in China using Vegetation and Landsat TM images

In this landscape-scale study we explored the potential for multitemporal 10-day composite data from the Vegetation sensor to characterize land cover types, in combination with Landsat TM image and agricultural census data. The study area (175 km by 165 km) is located in eastern Jiangsu Province, China. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI ) and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI ) were calculated for seven 10-day composite (VGT-S10) data from 11 March to 20 May 1999. Multi-temporal NDVI and NDWI were visually examined and used for unsupervised classification. The resultant VGT classification map at 1 km resolution was compared to the TM classification map derived from unsupervised classification of a Landsat 5 TM image acquired on 26 April 1996 at 30 m resolution to quantify percent fraction of cropland within a 1 km VGT pixel; resulting in a mean of 60% for pixels classified as cropland, and 47% for pixels classified as cropland/natural vegetation mosaic. The estimates of cropland area from VGT data and TM image were also aggregated to county-level, using an administrative county map, and then compared to the 1995 county-level agricultural census data. This landscape-scale analysis incorporated image classification (e.g. coarse-resolution VGT data, fineresolution TM data), statistical census data (e.g. county-level agricultural census data) and a geographical information system (e.g. an administrative county map), and demonstrated the potential of multi-temporal VGT data for mapping of croplands across various spatial scales from landscape to region. This analysis also illustrated some of the limitations of per-pixel classification at the 1 km resolution for a heterogeneous landscape.